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ACT No. 292 of Philippine Commission, entitled "An act defining the crimes of treason, insurrection, sedition, conspiracies to commit such crimes, seditious utterances whether written or spoken, the formation of secret political societies, the administering or taking of oaths to commit crimes or to prevent the discovering of the same, and the violation of oaths of allegiance, and prescribing punishment therefor."

COMPARISON OF THE PROVISIONS OF ABOVE ENTITLED ACT WITH SIMILAR STATUTES ENACTED IN THE UNITED STATES.

Act No. 292, Philippine Commis- Laws of the United States. (Rev.

sion.

SECTION 1. Every person, resident in the Philippine Islands, owing allegiance to the United States or the government of the Philippine Islands, who levies war against them, or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the Philippine Islands or elsewhere, is guilty of treason, and, upon conviction, shall suffer death, or, at the discretion of the court, shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not less than five years and fined not less than ten thousand dollars.

SEC. 2. Every person, owing allegiance to the United States or the government of the Philippine Islands and having knowledge of any treason against them or either of them, who conceals, and does not, as soon as may be, disclose and make known the same to the provincial governor in the province in which he resides, or to the civil governor of the islands, or to some

Stats. of United States.)

SEC. 5331. Every person owing allegiance to the United States who levies war against them, or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort within the United States or elsewhere, is guilty of

treason.

SEC. 5332. Every person guilty of treason shall suffer death; or, at the discretion of the court, shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not less than five years, and fined not less than ten thousand dollars, to be levied and collected out of any or all of his property, real and personal, of which he was the owner at the time of committing such treason, any sale or conveyance to the contrary notwithstanding; and every person so convicted of treason shall, moreover, be incapable of holding any office under the United States.

SEC. 5333. Every person, owing allegiance to the United States and having knowledge of the commission of any treason against them, who conceals and does not, as soon as may be, disclose and make known the same to the President or to some judge of the United States, or to the governor or to some judge or justice of a particular State, is guilty of misprision of treason,

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judge of a court of record, is guilty of misprision of treason, and shall be imprisoned not more than seven years and be fined not more than one thousand dollars.

SEC. 3. Every person who incites, sets on foot, assists, or engages in any rebellion or insurrection against the authority of the United States or of the government of the Philippine Islands, or the laws thereof, or who gives aid or comfort to anyone so engaging in such rebellion or insurrection, shall, upon conviction, be imprisoned for not more than ten years and be fined not more than ten thousand dollars.

SEC. 4. If two or more persons conspire to overthrow, put down, or destroy by force the Government of the United States in the Philippine Islands or the government of the Philippine Islands, or by force to prevent, hinder, or delay the execution of any law of the United States or of the Philippine Islands, or by force to seize, take, or possess any property of the United States or of the government of the Philippine Islands contrary to the authority thereof, each of such persons shall be punished by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, and by imprisonment, with or without hard labor, for a period not more than six years.

SEC. 5. All persons who rise publicly and tumultuously in or der to attain by force or outside of legal methods any of the following objects, are guilty of sedition:

PAR. 1. To prevent the promulgation or execution of any law or the free holding of any popular election.

and shall be imprisoned not more than seven years and fined not more than one thousand dollars.

SEC. 5334. Every person who incites, sets on foot, assists, or engages in any rebellion or insurrection against the authority of the United States, or the laws thereof, or gives aid or comfort thereto, shall be punished by imprisonment not more than ten years, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or by both of such punishments; and shall, moreover, be incapable of holding any office under the United States.

SEC. 5336. If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire to overthrow, put down, or to destroy by force the Government of the United States, or to levy war against them, or to oppose by force the authority thereof; or by force to prevent, hinder, or delay the execution of any law of the United States; or by force to seize, take, or possess any property of the United States contrary to the authority thereof; each of them shall be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred dollars and not more than five thousand dol lars; or by imprisonment, with or without hard labor, for a period not less than six months nor more than six years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

SEC. 5506. Every person who, by any unlawful means, hinders, delays, prevents, or obstructs, or combines and confederates with others to hinder, delay, prevent, or obstruct any citizen from doing any act required to be done to qualify him to vote, or from voting at any election in any State, Territory, district, county, city, parish, township, school district, municipality, or other territorial subdivision, shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned not less than one month

PAR. 2. To prevent the insular government, or any provincial or municipal government, or any public official from freely exercising its or his duties or the due execution of any judicial or administrative order.

nor more than one year, or be punished by both such fine and imprisonment.

SEC. 5398. Every person who knowingly and willfully obstructs, resists, or opposes any officer of the United States in serving or attempting to serve or execute any mesne process or warrant, or any rule or order of any court of the United States, or any other legal or judicial writ or process, or assaults, beats, or wounds any officer or other person duly authorized in serving or executing any writ, rule, order, process, or warrant, shall be imprisoned not more than twelve months, and fined not more than three hundred dollars.

SEC. 5399. Every person who corruptly, or by threats or force, endeavors to influence, intimidate, or impede any witness or officer in any court of the United States in the discharge of his duty, or corruptly, or by threats or force, obstructs or impedes, or endeavors to obstruct or impede, the due administration of justice therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not more than three months, or both.

SEC. 5407. If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire for the purpose of impeding, hindering, obstructing, or defeating in any manner the due course of justice in any State or Territory, with intent to deny to any citizen the equal protection of the laws, or to injure him or his property for lawfully enforcing, or attempting to enforce, the right of any person, or class of persons, to the equal protection of the laws, each of such persons shall be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment with or without hard labor, not less than six months nor more than six

PAR. 3. To inflict any act of hate or revenge upon the person or property of any official or agent of the insular government or of a provincial or municipal government.

PAR. 4. To inflict, with a political or social object, any act of hate or revenge upon individuals or upon any class of individuals in the islands.

PAR. 5. To despoil, with a political or social object, any class of persons, natural or artificial, a municipality, a province, or the insular government or the Government of the United States, or any part of its property.

years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

SEC. 5518. If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire to prevent, by force, intimidation, or threat, any person from accepting or holding any office, trust, or place of confidence under the United States, or from discharging any duties thereof; or to induce by like means any officer of the United States to leave any State, district, or place where his duties as an officer are required to be performed, or to injure him in his person or property on account of his lawful discharge of the duties of his office, or while engaged in the lawful discharge thereof, or to injure his property so as to molest, interrupt, hinder, or impede him in the discharge of his official duties, each of such persons shall be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment, with or without hard labor, not less than six months nor more than six years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

SEC. 5508. If two or more persons conspire to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate any citizen in the free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege secured to him by the Constitution or laws of the United States, or because of his having so exercised the same; or if two or more persons go in disguise on the highway, or on the premises of another, with intent to prevent or hinder his free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege so secured, they shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than ten years; and shall, moreover, be thereafter ineligible to any office, or place of honor, profit, or trust created by the Constitution or laws of the United States.

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