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LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 19, 1899.

CONTENTS. - No. 86.

NOTES:-Shakespeariana, 141- Tomb of Hearne, 142 Sonnet on Dryden-Author of Rule Britannia,' 143"Mumbudget"-Cervantes and Burns-Beevor Family

might call forth confirmation from some one who, more fortunate than myself, has access to an original copy; and I hope still that this may be forthcoming.

As to my critic's remarks upon "fine Whales in North Scotland, 144-Mistake in Historic poetry" and "meaningless prose," it seems

Churches of Paris'-Muminy Peas-Westminster AbbeyAntiquities of East London, 145-Battle of Edge HillType-Banking-Butterworths', 146.

QUERIES:-"Inde-baudias"-Padre Francisco'-"Mays"
-Langtoft's 'Chronicle'-'The Truth about General
Gordon,' 147-Morcom-Tom Day-'Gerald Fitzgerald '-
"Wedding Porch "-Song Wanted-Kissed for Luck-
Early Newspaper Walthamstow Vicars, 148 - Parish
Registers, 149.
REPLIES:-Vanishing London, 149-Snape-Bligh-Gaunt
Family, 150-Cattle as Criminals-Hereditary Odour
"Puts nowt up to mean nowt "-James Dillon, First Earl
of Roscommon- Lord Burleigh's Precepts Roman
De Creon Family-Two Quartos of Ben Jonson-Jean
Bart's Descent on the Northumberland Coast, 152-"The
unearned increment"-Origin of Name Lavinia-Riming
Warning for Book-Borrowers, 153-'Lucy's Flitting
Rolling-pins as Charms, 154- -Epitaph "Common or
garden -Gates on Commons, 155- Title of Play
Coming out of the little end of the horn"-Owners of
Books-Karoo"-Brick dated 1383, 156-Patronymics-
Source of Quotation Wanted - Harlequin - Family of
Bourchier or Bourgchier, 157- Blaisdell Bastardy-
Authors Wanted, 158.
NOTES ON BOOKS:-Miller's Essays and Nature Studies'
-Young's Centenarians and the Duration of the Human
Race-Schofield's Bugge's 'Home of the Eddic Poems '-
Windle's Shakespeare's Country-Lang's Scott's Castle
Dangerous' and 'Chronicles of the Canongate'-Andrews's
'Curious Epitaphs '-Pike's 'Cromwell and his Times.'
Notices to Correspondents.

Numerals: 1900-Stone Ale-Cromwell and Music, 151–

Fotes.

SHAKESPEARIANA.

'ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA,' III. x. 9-11 (9th S. iii. 362, 422).—It is perhaps not surprising in these days, when the popular texts of Shakespeare are based upon the principle of eclecticism with the presumption of there being no room for further conjecture, that a serious attempt to arrive at what Shakespeare wrote should be regarded as a joke. With reference to the comment of MR. YARDLEY, I can only say that my suggestion that we should read "riband-red" for "ribaudred" was advanced in all sincerity on the grounds stated; that my note was written with Booth's reprint before me; that a day or two after it was dispatched a reference to the reduced facsimile published by Chatto & Windus, which I understand is photographic, disclosed to me the peculiarity of the printing of the letter which has generally been taken for u, and this seemed to me almost to amount to demonstration of the correctness of my view, the letter in question looking suspiciously like an n inverted; and that the postscript was then added, at my request, to the original note by the courtesy of the Editor. I hoped that my mention of the peculiarity in the printing

sufficient to observe that the one aim of textual criticism is to ascertain what an author has actually written. The poetry may with confidence be left to Shakespeare. ALFRED E. THISELTON.

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All the vigour is taken out of Shakspeare's poetry by such an alteration as that on which I remarked. The metre would be quite right if the word were "ribaud," signifying "ribald." It would be also right if it were "ribaudred," for Shakspeare undoubtedly has anapasts in his verses. I believe that Shakspeare wrote ribaud," which by a printer's error was transformed to ribaudred." An old commentator altered "nag" to "hag"; but his memory was faulty when he did so. In '2 Henry IV.' Pistol, speaking of Doll Tearsheet, says: Know we not Galloway nags?" Similarly Scarus speaks of Cleopatra as a nag of Egypt. Both women are called nags for the same reason. It is useful to remember more of Shakspeare than the passage to which one is referring. E. YARDLEY.

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Referring to "ribaudred," while it is literally true that no other instance of its use has been adduced," I think it is hardly correct to say that this word "has hitherto been explained by a mere guess that it means lewd." Its derivation is reasonably certain, in line with ribaudrie "lewdness, &c. To my mind, the question was conclusively dealt with in 'N. & Q.,' 1st S. iii. 273, 465. The Cambridge edition gives "Yon ribanded nag" as a conjecture of Gould, but the form riband-red," together with the ingenious explanation, would seem to belong to MR. THISELTON alone.

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St. Louis.

E. MERTON DEY.

'OTHELLO,' V. ii. 1 (9th S. i. 283, 422; iii. 364, 422).—I supposed the mere statement would carry instant conviction. If Othello is going to kill Desdemona through revenge for her act of infidelity, there is no occasion for his he wishes to be free from the consciousness offering any excuse whatever. It is because of acting from the motive which, under the circumstances, would most naturally seem to prompt such a deed, that he takes his stand on higher ground. His act is one of prevention-he is striking at the cause :

Yet she must die, else she'll betray more men. The desire is to preclude future evils, rather

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'AS YOU LIKE IT,' IV. i. 177.—

"O, that woman that cannot make her fault her husband's occasion, let her never nurse her child herself, for she will breed it like a fool!"

On the words "her husband's occasion" Mr. W. Aldis Wright observes: "An occasion against her husband; an opportunity for taking advantage of him." But surely to interpret thus is to ignore the context. Rosalind's meaning rather is: "The woman who cannot throw the blame of her misconduct upon her husband-make him out to be the cause or occasion of and so responsible for it." This is consistent with what immediately precedes. Orlando asks: "If a husband meet his wife on her way to his neighbour's bed, what sleight of woman's wit shall frame an excuse for her vagrant fancy?" "Marry," rejoins Rosalind, "if you meet your wife on her way to your neighbour's bed, that can only be because you are abroad yourself! Thus, by your own truancy, you furnish her with an excuse for hers. Had you abode at home, she had not had occasion to go abroad in search of you; and so, for lack of pretext, she had been fain to stay within doors"-in "her husband's occasion"="a matter short, caused or occasioned by her husband." The following examples of "occasion with possessive pronoun in this sense are given in the 'Century Dictionary ':

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"By your occasion Toledo is risen, Segovia altered, Medina burned."- Guevara, 'Letters' (tr. Hellowes, 1577), p. 268.

"For a time ye church here wente under some hard censure by his occasion."-Bradford, 'Ply. mouth Plantation,' p. 311. T. HUTCHINSON.

Dublin.

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unique. He is the true exponent of the
play. His wit forms the foil to the carping
pessimism of Jaques, which is, as usual, the
natural result of his evil and wasted life.
The exhausting effect of dissipation on the
nerve centres brings about that form of
mental aberration which sees only the dark
side of everything. The banished Duke
traces it to its real cause. Touchstone puts
everything in its true light in humorous
language, avoiding at the same time the
cynical opinions of Jaques and the too
optimistic views of some of the more volatile
characters of the play. A far truer reformer
than Jaques, he attacks, "with his wit for a
stalking-horse," the real evils of the time;
not, like Jaques, those of his own creation,
the result of a disordered imagination. Yet
he has none of the bitterness of Jaques.
Even while holding up to ridicule the follies
and extravagances of lovers, he is careful to
tell us that they are merely transient excres-
cences, and not essential attributes, of love.
"As all is mortal in nature, so all nature is
mortal in folly" (II. iv. 55-7). He thus corrects
the contemptuous and one-sided view given
by Jaques in his "Seven Ages." Indeed,
Jaques's view of life there given is entirely
stultified by the examples of Adam and the
banished Duke, and the judicious criticisms
of Touchstone. What Jaques laid down as a
comprehensive theory of life is shown by
them to be, after all, of very limited applica-
tion.
J. FOSTER PALMER.
8, Royal Avenue, S. W.

first two lines of this sonnet run thus :-
SONNET CXLVI.-In the old editions the
Poor soul, the centre of sinful earth,
My sinful earth these rebel powers that the array.
I suggest-

Vexed by these rebel powers that thee array.
W. L. RUSHTON.

THE TOMB OF THOMAS HEARNE. ON my annual visit to Oxford I make a point of visiting the tomb of Thomas Hearne, the antiquary, in the churchyard of St. Peter'AS YOU LIKE IT.'-Touchstone is, indeed, in-the-East, and it seems every year to as MR. GERISH has truly remarked, no get into a more dilapidated condition. At ordinary fool." He is one of the most the present time the lettering upon the tomb attractive of Shakespeare's original cha--a slab raised upon stones a little above racters. Not only is he the earliest type of the ground-is almost undecipherable, owing the faithful dependent, a type which cul- to being filled with moss and lichen, and the minates in Pisanio, but he is the keen monument is almost hidden from view by observer of character and the philosophic the boughs of an old lilac-tree under which thinker as well. His loving devotion to it is situated. The tomb lies close to the east Celia is only equalled by that of Pisanio to wall of the churchyard, which separates Imogen. In some other respects he is it from New College gardens. There is an

able books for an antiquary and old Oxonian to while away an hour with than his 'Remains'; but almost as great an internal change has come over the University in our own day since Dr. Bliss, in 1857, published the 'Remains,' which he had printed many years before, imagining at the time that few people would care for such information.

Oxford Archæological Society, and the wonder is that nothing has been done in past years towards the cleansing and preservation of the monument. My own idea is that it has been moved, within the last forty years, from its original position near the centre of the churchyard to that which it at present occupies. The rooms which Hearne tenanted in St. Edmund Hall hard by may yet be seen. He had in the 'Remains' picked out the From them he was borne to his grave in the plums from the hundred and forty-five adjacent churchyard of St. Peter's in 1735, little MS. volumes in the Bodleian Library having spent nearly the whole of his life in in which Hearne noted down everything that his old rooms. He died at the age of fifty-struck him as worthy of notice. I believe, however, that the whole has now been issued in its entirety by the Oxford Historical Society, as one of its publications. Hearne evidently was of the opinion of the Laird of Bucklaw in 'The Bride of Lammermoor': To see good corn upon the rigs,

seven, and had, by saving and parsimony, amassed a considerable sum, more than 1,000l. being found stored up in his rooms in the hall.

His diary is very interesting, from the light it throws upon Oxford life in the early part of the eighteenth century, just after the accession of the House of Brunswick to the Crown, when the University overflowed with disaffection to the "powers that be," and many adhered closely to the exiled family of Stuart. Not a few of all ranks went down to their graves, like Hearne, hoping "that the king would enjoy his own again." So strong were his prejudices that the old Nonjuror mentions that his conscience would not allow him even to attend service in the adjacent church :

"Jan. 31 [1729-30]. Mr. Taylor of Univ. Coll. told me last night what I had not heard before, that some time ago the present Bp. of London, Edmund Gibson, asked Dr. Felton, principal of Edm. hall, what conventicles there were in Oxford (meaning non-juring places of worship) and whether I went to any of them, or whether I went to the hall chappell to prayers. I know not well what answer Felton made, unless it be that he said he knew of no conventicles in Oxford, and that I went to no conventicle. As for my own part, there being no non-juring place for worship in Oxford, I continue in my own room and pray by myself, using the Common Prayer, and that with greater consistence than go to the public churches and joyn with them but partly."

Hearne had witnessed the outbreak of 1715, and mentions that the Mayor of Oxford had received a threatening letter bidding him to proclaim James III.; but he was not spared to see that of 1745. He thus records the building of the south quadrangle of Queen's College, just opposite his old rooms, the completion of which he did not live to see:

"Nov. 14 [1733].-On Monday last, in the afternoon, the foundation stone (a small one) was laid at the new building. just begun, at the south east end of Queen's College, Oxon, with this inscription, as I hear, for I did not see it, 'Carolina Regina, Nov. 12, 1733."

Though Hearne usually writes with his pen dipped in gall, yet there are few more read

And a gallows built to hang the Whigs,
And the right restored where the right should be,
O that is the thing that would wanton nie.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

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A SONNET ON DRYDEN. Referring on account of the death of Sir Henry Drydena loss to Northamptonshire as to archæology -to a copy of his interesting History of Canon's Ashby' at Northampton Free Library, I noticed on the last leaf the following sonnet pencilled in the well-known handwriting of the late Mr. G. J. De Wilde. Mr. De Wilde frequently contributed both prose and poetry to the columns of the Northampton Mercury, with which paper he lines have not hitherto appeared in print. was for many years connected; but these What is the true story of this love affair?—

CANONS ASHBY.

And in this stately home her Beauty dwelt
Who took the heart of her great kinsman. He
(Whose name is with our tongue linked lastingly)
Here watched her steps and all the anguish felt
Of one who knelt and knew he vainly knelt,
And what he strove to be could never be,
Yet could not from his thraldom set him free,
Nor that hard "No," frozen though laughing, melt.
Here then he lingered when the morning sun
Lighted her casement, earliest to look
on that bright visage, harder to be won
Than the world's welcome of the poet's book.
His was the poet's vengeance, nobler none-
Her radiant inemory through all time he shook.
Canons Ashby, April 19, 1869.

Northampton.

JOHN TAYLOR.

THE AUTHOR OF RULE BRITANNIA.' (See 2nd S. iv. 152, 415, 498; v. 91, 136, 319.)—It appears from the following paragraph, which is taken from the column Music and Musi

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