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ABBREVIATION

more letters or syllables from the middle or end of the word.

The abbreviations in common use in modern times consist of the initial letter or letters, syllable or syllables, of the word. Anciently, also, contracted forms of words, obtained by the omission of letters intermediate between the initial and final letters were much in use. These latter forms are now more commonly designated by the term contraction. Abbreviations are of frequent use in referring to text-books, reports, &c., and in indicating dates, but should be very sparingly employed, if at all, in formal and important legal documents. See 4 C. & P. 51; 9 Coke, 48. No part of an indictment should contain any abbreviations except in cases where a fac-simile of a written instrument is necessary to be set out. 1 East, 180, n. The variety and number of abbreviations are as nearly illimitable as the ingenuity of man can make them; and the advantages arising from their use are, to a great extent, counterbalanced by the ambiguity and uncertainty resulting from the usually inconsiderate selection which is made.

The following list is believed to contain all abbreviations in common use. Where a shorter and a longer abbreviation are in common use, both are given. For a fuller explanation of the reports in this list, see REPORTS.

A. American, see Am.; anonymous.

A, a, B, b. "A" front, "B" back of a leaf. A. B. Anonymous Reports at end of Benloe's Reports, commonly called New Benloe.

A. C. Appeal Court, English Chancery; Law Reports Appeal Cases.

A. D. Anno Domini; in the year of our Lord. A. K. Marsh. A. K. Marshall's Reports, Kentucky.

A. L. J. Albany Law Journal.

A. P. B. or Ashurst MSS. L. I. L. Ashurst's Paper-books; the manuscript paper-books of Ashurst, J., Buller, J., Lawrence, J., and Dampier, J., in Lincoln's Inn Library.

A. R. Anno Regni ; in the year of the reign. A. S. Acts of Sederunt, Ordinances of the Court of Sessions, Scotland.

A. & A. Corp. Angell & Ames on Corpora

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Ab. U. S. Abbott's Reports, United States District and Circuit Courts.

Ab. U. S. Pr. Abbott's United States Courts Practice.

Abdys R. C. P. Abdy's Roman Civil Procedure.

Abr. Abridgment.

Abr. Cas. Eq. or Abr. Eq. Cas. Equity Cases Abridged, English Chancery. Abs. Absolute.

Acc. Accord or Agrees.

Act. Acton's Reports, Prize Causes, English Privy Council.

Act. Can. Monro's Acta Cancellariæ. Act. Pr. C. Acton's Reports, Prize Causes, English Privy Council. Act. Reg. Acta Regia. Ad. Con. Ad. E.

Addison on Contracts. Adams on Ejectment. Ad. & Ell. Adolphus & Ellis's Reports, English King's Bench.

Ad. & Ell. N. S. Adolphus & Ellis's Reports, New Series, English Queen's Bench, commonly cited Q. B."

Ad. Eq. Adams's Equity.

Ad. fin. Ad finem, at or near the end.
Ad. Torts. Addison on Torts.

Ad. Rom. Ant. Adams's Roman Antiquities. Adams (Me.) Adams's Reports, Maine Reports, vols. 41, 42.

Adams (N. H.). Adams's Reports, New Hampshire Reports, vol. 1.

Add. Addison's Reports, Pennsylvania.
Add. Abr. Addington's Abridgment of the
Penal Statutes.

Add. Con. Addison on Contracts.
Add. Eccl.
English.

Addams's Ecclesiastical Reports,

Add. Pa. Addison's Reports, Pennsylvania. Add. Torts. Addison on Torts. Addams. Addams's Ecclesiastical Reports, English.

Adj. Adjudged, Adjourned.

Adjournal, Books of. The Records of the Court of Justiciary, Scotland. Adm. Admiralty.

Admr.

Administrator.

Admx. Administratrix.

Adolph. & E. Adolphus & Ellis's Reports, English King's Bench.

Adolph. & E. N. S. Adolphus & Ellis's Reports, New Series, English Queen's Bench, commonly cited Q. B.

Ads. Ad sectam, at suit of.

Adye C. M. Adye on Courts-Martial.
Aelf. C. Canons of Aelfric.

Agn. Pat. Agnew on Patents.
Aik. Aiken's Reports, Vermont.

Al. Aleyn's Select Cases, English King's Bench.

Al. Tel. Cas. Allen's Telegraph Cases, American and English.

Al. & Nap. Alcock & Napier's Reports, Irish King's Bench and Exchequer.

Ala. Alabama Reports.

Ala. N. S. Alabama Reports, New Series. Ala. Sel. Cas. Alabama Select Cases, by Shep

Ab. N. Y. Pr. or Ab. Pr. Abbott's Practice herd. Reports, various New York courts.

Ab. N. Y. Pr. N. S. or Ab. Pr. N. S. Abbott's Practice Reports, New Series, various New York

courts.

Ab. Nat. Dig. Abbott's National Digest. Ab. New Cas. Abbott's New Cases, various New York courts.

Ab. Pl. Abbott's Pleadings under the Code. Ab. Pr. Abbott's Practice Reports, New York. Ab. Sh. Abbott (Lord Tenterden) on Shipping.

Alb. Arb. Albert Arbitration, Lord Cairns's Decisions.

Alb. L. J. or Alb. Law Jour. Albany Law Journal.

Alc. Alcock's Registry Cases, Irish. Alc. & N. Alcock & Napier's Reports, Irish King's Bench and Exchequer.

Ald. Alden's Condensed Pennsylvania Reports.

Ald. Hist. Aldridge's History of the Courts of law.

Ald. Ind.

ABBREVIATION

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Am. Ch. Dig.
Am. Corp. Cas. Withrow's American Corpo-gere,
ration Cases.

Am. Crim. Rep.

ports, by Hawley.

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Arg. Arguendo, in arguing, in the course of reasoning.

Arg. Inst. Institution au Droit Français, par M. Argou.

Ark. Arkansas Reports.

Ark. Rev. Sts. Arkansas Revised Statutes.
Arkl. Arkley's Scotch Reports.

Arms. Elect. Cas. Armstrong's Cases of Contested Elections, New York.

Arms. M. & O. Armstrong, Macartney, and Ogle's Reports, Irish Nisi Prius Cases.

Arms. Tr. Armstrong's Limerick Trials, Ireland.

Arn. Arnold's Reports, English Common Pleas.

Arn. El. Cas. Arnold's Election Cases, English.

Arn. Ins. Arnould on Marine Insurance.
Arn. & H. Arnold and Hodges's Reports,
English Queen's Bench.

Arn. & H. B. C. Arnold and Hodges's English Bail Court Reports.

Arnot. Arnot's Criminal Cases, Scotland.
Art. Article.

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ABBREVIATION

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B. & A. or B. & Ald. Barnewa.. and Alderson's Reports, English.

B. & Ad. Barnewall and Adolphus' Reports, English.

B. & Aust. Barron and Austin's Election
Cases, English.
B. & B.
Chancery.
B. & B.
English.
B. & Bar. The Bench and Bar, Chicago.
B. & C. Barnewall & Cresswell's Reports, Eng.
lish.

Ball and Beatty's Reports, Irish

Broderip and Bingham's Reports,

B. & H. Dig. Bennett & Heard's Massachu setts Digest.

B. & H. Lead. Cas. Bennett & Heard's Leading Cases on Criminal Law.

B. & L. Browning & Lushington's Reports, English Admiralty.

B. & L. Prec. Bullen & Leake's Precedents of Pleading.

B. & P. Bosanquet & Puller's Reports, English.

B. & P. N. R. Bosanquet & Puller's New Re

Atw. Atwater's Reports, Minnesota Reports, ports, English.

vol. 1.

Atty. Attorney.

Atty. Gen. Attorney-General.

Aus. Jur. Australian Jurist, Melbourne.

Aust. Juris. Austin's Province of Jurisprudence.

Austin C. C. R. Austin's County Court Reports, English.

Austr. Jur. Australian Jurist, Melbourne. Auth. Authentica, in the authentic; that is, the Summary of some of the Novels in the Civil . Law inserted in the Code under such a title.

B. & S. Best & Smith's Reports, English.
Bab. Auc. Babington on Auctions.
Bab. Set-off. Babington on Set-off.
Bac. Abr. Bacon's Abridgment.

Bac. Comp. Arb. Bacon's Complete Arbitration.
Bac. El. Bacon's Elements of the Common

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Bac. Lib. Reg. Bacon's Liber Regis, vel The

Av. & H. B. Law. Avery and Hobb's Bank-saurus Rerum Ecclesiasticarum. rupt Law of the United States.

Ayck. Ch. F. Ayckbourns Chancery Forms. Ayck. Ch. Pr. Ayckbourns Chancery Practice.

Ayl. Pan. Ayliffe's Pandects.

Ayl. Par. Ayliffe's Parergon Juris Canonici
Anglicant.

Azuni Mar. Law. Azuni on Maritime Law.
B. Bancus; the Common Bench; the back of

a leaf; Book.

B. B. Bail Bond; Bayley on Bills.
B. Bar. Bench and Bar, Chicago.

B. C. Bail Court.

B. C. Bell's Commentaries on the Laws of Scotland.

B. C. C. Lowndes and Maxwell's Bail Court Cases, English; Brown's Chancery Cases, English.

Bac. M. Bacon's Maxims.

Bac. U. Bacon on Uses.

Bach. Man. Bache's Manual of a Pennsylvania Justice of the Peace.

Bag. C. Pr.
Bage. Const.

Bagley's Chamber Practice.
Bagehot on the English Consti-

tution.
Bagl. Bagley's Reports, California Reports,
vol. 16.

Bagl. & H. Bagley & Harmen's Reports, California Reports, vols. 17-19.

Bail Ct. Cas. Lowdes & Maxwell's Bail Court Cases, English.

Bail Ct. Rep. Saunders & Cole's Bail Court Reports.

Bailey. Bailey's Law Reports, South Carolina. Bailey Eq. or Bailey Ch. Bailey's Chancery Reports, South Carolina.

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Bank. Reg. National Bankruptcy Register, vols. 1-3 and 5-8.

New York.

Bank. Rep. ruptcy Reports.

American Law Times Bank

Bank. & Ins. R. Bankruptcy and Insolvency Reports, English.

Banker's Mag. Banker's Magazine, New York. Banker's Mag. (Lon.). Banker's Magazine, London.

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Bann. Bannister's Reports, English Common Pleas.

Bann. Lim. Banning on Limitation of Action. Bar. Bar Reports, in all the courts, English. Bar Ex. Jour. Bar Examination Journal, London.

Barb. or Barb. S. C. Barbour's Reports, Supreme Court, New York.

Barb. (Ark.). Barber's Reports, Arkansas Reports, vols. 14-24.

Barb. Ch. Barbour's Chancery Reports, New York.

Barb. Ch. Pr. Barbour's Chancery Practice. Barb. Cr. P. Barbour's Criminal Pleadings. Barb. on Set-off. Barbour on Set-off. Barb. Grot. Grotius on War and Peace, Notes by Barbeyrac.

Barb. Puff. Puffendorf's Law of Nature and Nations, Notes by Barbeyrac.

Barber. Barber's Reports, Arkansas Reports, vols. 14-24.

Barn. Barnardiston's Reports, English King's Bench.

Barn. Ch. Barnardiston's Chancery Reports, English.

Barn. Sh. Barnes's Sheriff.

Bayl. Bill. Bayley on Bills.

Bayl. Ch. Pr. Bayley's Chancery Practice.
Bea. C. E. Beame's Costs in Equity.
Bea. Eq. Beame's Equity Pleading.

Bea. Ne Exeat. Beame on the Writ of Ne Exeat.

Bea. Ord. Beame's Orders in Chancery.
Bea. Pl. Eq. Beame's Pleas in Equity.
Beas. Beasley's Reports, New Jersey Equity
Reports, vols. 12-13.

Beatt. Beatty's Reports, Irish Chancery.
Beaum. B. of S. Beaumont on Bills of Sale.
Beaum. Ins. Beaumont on Insurance.
Beav. Beavan's Reports, English.

Beav. R. & C. Cas. Beavan's Railway and Canal Cases.

Beawes. Beawes's Lex Mercatoria.

Becc. Cr. Beccaria on Crimes and PunishBeck's Medical Jurispru

ments.

dence.

Beck's Med. Jur. Bee or Bee Adm. Bee's Admiralty Reports, U. S. Dist. Court, South Carolina.

Bee C. C. R. Bee's Crown Cases Reserved, English.

Bel. Bellewe's Reports, English King's Bench temp. Richard II.

Bell. (Or.). Bellinger's Reports, Oregon Reports, vols. 4-8. Bell Ap. Cas. Scotch Appeal. Bell C. C.

Bell C. T.
Bell Cas.

sions.

Bell's House of Lords Cases,

Bell's Crown Cases Reserved.
Bell on Completing Titles.

Bell's Cases, Scotch Court of Ses

Bell Com. Bell's Commentaries on the Laws

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Bell Sess. Cas. Bell's Cases in the Court of Sessions.

Bell Styles. Bell's System of the Forms of Deeds.

Bell T. D. Bell on the Testing of Deeds. Bellais. Bellais's Criminal Cases, Bombay. Bellewe. Bellewe's Reports, English King's Bench temp. Richard II.

Bellewe Cas.
VIII.; Brooke's
Bellingh. Tr.
Belt Sup. Ves.

nior's Reports.
Belt Ves. Sen.
Reports.
Ben. or Bt.
Court, 2d Circuit.

Bellewe's Cases, temp. Henry
New Cases; Petit Brooke.
Report of the Bellingham Trial.
Belt's Supplement to Vesey Se-

Belt's Edition of Vesey Senior's

Benedict's Reports, U. S. Dist.

Ben. Adm. Benedict's Admiralty Practice.
Ben. Av. Beneake on Average.

Ben. Just. Benedict on Justices of the Peace. Bench & Bar. The Bench and Bar, Chicago. Bendi. Bendloe's, or New Benloe's Reports, English Common Pleas, Ed. of 1661.

Benet Ct.-M. Benet on Military Law and Courts-Martial.

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Benj. Sales.
Benl.

Pleas.

Bengal Law Reports, India.
Bengal Sudder Dewany Reports,

Benjamin on Sales.
Benloe's Reports, English Common

Benloe's Reports, at the end

Benl. in Ashe. of Ashe's Tables. Benl. in Keil. of Keilway's Reports. Benl. New. Benloe's Reports, English Common Pleas, Ed. of 1661.

Benloe's Reports, at the end

Benl. Old. Benloe's Reports, English Common Pleas, of Benloe & Dalison, Ed. of 1689.

Benl. & Dal. Benloe & Dalison's Reports, English Common Pleas.

Benn. (Cal.). Bennett's Reports, California Reports, vol. 1.

Benn. (Mo.). Bennett's Reports, Missouri Reports, vols. 16-21.

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Benn. Diss. Bennett's Dissertation on the Proceedings in the Master's Office in the Court of Chancery of England, sometimes cited Benn.

Prac.

Benn. Fire Ins. Cas. Bennett's Fire Insurance Cases.

Benn. Prac. See Benn. Diss.

Benn. & H. Cr. Cas. Bennett & Heard's Criminal Cases.

ABBREVIATION

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Bing. N. C. Bingham's New Cases, English Common Pleas.

Bing. & Colv. Rents. Bingham & Colvin on Rents, etc.

Binn. Binney's Reports, Pennsylvania.
Binn Jus. Binn's Pennsylvania Justice.
Bird Conv. Bird on Conveyancing.
Bird L. & T.
Bird Sol. Pr.
of Settlements

Bird on Landlord and Tenant.
Bird's Solution of Precedents

Biret de l'Abs. effets, par M. Biret. Bish. Contr.

Traité de l'Absence et de ses

Bishop on Contracts.

Bish. Cr. L. Bishop on Criminal Law. Bish. Cr. Proc.

Bish. Mar. & D.

vorce.

Bish. Mar. Wom.

Bishop on Criminal Procedure. Bishop on Marriage and Di

Bishop on Married Women.

Bish. St. Cr. Bishop on Statutory Crimes.
Bisp. Eq. Bispham's Equity.

Biss. Bissell's Reports, U. S. Courts, 7th Cir

cuit.

Biss. Est. or Biss. Life Est. Bissett on Estates for Life.

Biss. Part. Bissett on Partnership.

Bk. Judg. Book of Judgments, by Townsend. Bl. Black's Reports, U. S. Supreme Court. Bl. C. C. Blatchford's Reports, U. S. Circuit

Benn. & H. Dig. Bennett & Heard's Massa-Court, 2d Circuit. chusett's Digest.

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