CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE DIGNITY OF HUMAN NATURE.

§ 1. The Rationalist Theory.-2. The Christian Theory.-3. Influence

of the two Theories.-4. Combination of the two Theories.

of the Combination.-6. The Dignity of Wickedness....

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CHAPTER II.

EVIL AND GOD.

5. Effects of

.Page 1

1. Natural Evil. -2. Sin. Its Mystery.-3. The Origin, Economy,

and End of Evil.-4. The Idea of God and the Conception of God.

5. The Four Theologies.-6. The Notion of Evil as an Eternal Necessity

is Dualistic.-7. The Analytic Argument.-8. Historical Illustration.-

9. The Reaction. Agony of Faith.-10. Absolutism.-11. The Reäc-

tion. Prostitution and Prostration of Faith. 12. Pantheism.

Eclipse of Faith.....

The

19

CHAPTER III.

THE THEODICIES.

1. Theodicy a Duty. Absolutism.-2. Sin against God as an Infi-

nite Being.-3. Sin against God as Infinite Love.-4. Sin as against

the Divine Government.-5. Universal Distrust.-6. Sin as against

the Universal Welfare.-7. In suo Infinito.-8. The Imperative Nature

of Duty.-9. Historical Eternity of Sin.-10. Sin as the Greatest Evil. -

11. Scientia Media Dei.-12. Free Will.-13. The Choice of two Infin-

ities.-14. Choice of Penalties. 15. Infinite Motives.-16. The Re-

demption. 17. Preëxistence.-18. Eternal Sinfulness.-19. A Law of

Nature.-20. Phrensy.-21. Restraint.-22. Twilight......
67

CHAPTER IV.

EVIL TEMPORARY.

§ 1. Evil not Needful-2. The Frailty of Evil.-3. The Permission of

Evil. Theism.-4. Is Evil only Now?-5. The Triumph of Faith. 129

CHAPTER V.

THE SCRIPTURAL ARGUMENT.

§ 1. Is the Immortality of the Soul assumed in the Bible?-2. Is the

Immortality of the Soul implied in the Language of the Scriptures 2 –

3. The General Tenor of Scriptural Language respecting Man's Destiny.

-4. Passages supposed to prove the Immortality of the Lost.-5. Cir-

cumstantial Evidence...

160

CHAPTER VI.

THE RATIONAL ARGUMENT.

§ 1. The Metaphysical Argument. -2. The Psychological Argument.—

3. The Moral Argument. -4. The Analogical Argument....

CHAPTER VII.

SOUL AND BODY.

1. Matter and Mind.-2. The Detention.

4. Resurrection of the Unjust.

.....

227

CHAPTER VIII.

THE HISTORICAL ARGUMENT.

§ 1. Eastern and Ancient Doctrine.-2. The Grecian Schools. - 3. The

Popular Faith. The Pious Fraud. -4. Fourfold Doctrine of the Immor-

tality of a Class.-5. Early Christian Doctrine. - 6. Man's Intermediate

Nature.-7. The Origin of the Conflict.-8. Results in the Eastern

Church.-9. Results in the Western Church. 10. Jewish and Mediæval

Doctrine.-11. Modern History.........
.... 265

CHAPTER IX.

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PHILOSOPHY OF ERROR.

1. The Reflex Influence of Theodicy.

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-

2. Faith in Second Causes. -

3. The Temporal and the Eternal.-4. The Unseen World.-5. The

Mystery of Sin.-6. The Advantages of Evil over Good.-7. Theory of

Satisfaction for Sin. 8. Theology of the Feelings. 9. Exegetical

Causes 10. The Sense of Human Depravity. 11. Lack of Faith in

the Power of Goodness.-12. Draco.-13. The Notion of Punishment

as specially Moral. - 14. Negative and Positive Evil. 15. Anchorite Con-

ceptions of the Heavenly State.-16. Self-suspicion..
... 357

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CHAPTER X.

HARMONY OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE.

1

1. Of Providence. - 2. Of Grace. 3. Of Death. 4. Of Original

Sin.-5. Of Punishment.-6. Of Pardon.-7. The Redeemer..... 377

CHAPTER XI.

PARADOXES OF PENALTY.

1. Fear and Shame.-2. Severity and Certainty.-3. Mystery and

Conviction.-4. Eternal Death is Eternal Punishment. -5. The Second

Death.-6. Far and Near.-7. Wrath and Love....

CHAPTER XII.

THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT.

.... 405

§ 1. Vicarious Immortality.-2. The Maternal Character of the Church.

3. The Missionary Motive.-4. The Campaigning Spirit. - 5. A Test of

Christian Character.-6. Gospel for the Heathen..

CHAPTER XIII.

THE HIGHEST GOOD.

430

§ 1. Life the True Good. - 2. Sensation and Motion.-3. Thought. —

4. Free Will.-5. The Election.-6. Virtue.-7. The Atonement.

8. Faith.-9. Love......

PRINCIPAL PASSAGES OF SCRIPTURES REFERRED TO...

INDEX OF CITATIONS.....

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446

viii

469

DEBT AND GRACE.

CHAPTER I.

THE DIGNITY OF HUMAN NATURE.

"What is Man, that Thou art mindful of him?”

WHAT is man in his essential nature? and what is his relation to God, to his government, and to an eternal world? What' principles, of justice and honor, of goodness and grace, determine the relations of God to man? What does God owe to man, and what does man owe to God? What claim of human character entitles man, or what demand of divine law appoints him, to existence without end? Is immortality God's debt, or his gift? Or may it be either? And if a debt, is it due to man's nature, or to his conduct, good or bad? Whence does eternity become man's own?

What is man? Respecting his nature and constitution there are various questions, not essential, yet very important, to be answered. Is the human personality simple, or complex? What are the mutual relations of soul and body? Is immortality a native vigor of man's being, or a life to be sustained by adventitious aids? What is the divine image in which man was created? Is it still retained, or was it lost in the Fall? Man was made a little lower than the angels; what is now the rank and order of his being? What is the dignity of man, either in his proper nature, or in the character he may form? Does it compel him to become either angel or fiend, or is it peculiar to himself as man?