as if they do not belong to the Department of Commerce, and they do. The Bureau of Public Roads was established to build the best possible roads in these United States within the statutory criteria. We are tax collectors, actually; we collect the taxes, give it back to the States, as you ex-Governors well know, under a formula. But when it comes to policy, the Bureau of Public Roads is still subject to the Department of Commerce, and sometimes they forget that-whether deliberately or because they are so busy, I do not know. But I am hopeful that you will take the reins and assume the responsibility that will be yours and the Secretary's in handling the policy of the Bureau of Public Roads. It is the biggest business in the United States next to the Defense Department.

Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Chairman, I shall certainly pass on your concern about that to the Secretary. All of us, of course, will be seeking to help. But I would like to add that the President has appointed as Under Secretary of Transportation an extraordinarily able, fine man, in Alan Boyd. He has gone to work and he is working assiduously. I think he is going to find the answers to many problems that we have had, not only in this agency to which you are referring, but also to the Maritime Administration and other agencies under his responsibility. You know, of course, in that other area, the complexities and diffi culties are very great, too. But I think we are going to get a great job from Alan Boyd.

The CHAIRMAN. Your experience as Governor should give us a background on this matter that is invaluable. They need some help and guidance occasionally.

Senator HOLLAND. I think the record ought to show that Governor Collins as Governor saw the capacity of Alan Boyd and named him to the Public Utilities Commission of our State. They will work together as a fine team over in the Department of Commerce.

Mr. COLLINS. We do not want it to sound like any Florida takeover, though, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. I have no further questions unless somebody on the committee does.

Thank you very much.

Senator HOLLAND. Mr. Chairman, I thank you and all the members of this committee.

Mr. COLLINS. Thank you very much, gentlemen.

NOMINATION OF JOHN W. BLACK TO BE DIRECTOR OF THE U.S. TRAVEL SERVICE

The committee met at 10:15 a.m., in room 5110, New Senate Office Building, the Honorable Warren G. Magnuson (chairman of the committee) presiding.

The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order.

In our hearing this morning we will take up four nominations by the President. The first two are for positions in the Commerce Department: No. 1, John W. Black, from Washington State and formerly a member of the staff of this committee to be Director of the U.S. Travel Service, succeeding Voit Gilmore, resigned.

John has served as Deputy Director of the Travel Service from its inception and, while with this committee, worked on the legislation creating the Travel Service, the International Travel Act of 1961.

No. 2, David R. Baldwin, of Pennsylvania, to be Assistant Secretary for Administration, succeeding Herbert W. Klotz, resigned. Mr. Baldwin has been serving since April of this year as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Administration.

The next two nominees are reappointments to the Federal Maritime Commission, its Chairman, Admiral John Harllee, and Commissioner James V. Day from Maine. Both Admiral Harllee and Commissioner Day continue to serve pursuant to legislation very recently reported by this committee and signed by the President.

It should be noted that that measure, now Public Law 89-56, also provided for an extension of terms for members of the Commission from 4 years to 5. In order to avoid a recurrence of what happened this year, when two terms expired at the same time, Admiral Harllee has been appointed to a term of 5 years and Commissioner Day to a term of 4 years.

All four nominees have submitted to the committee financial statements and biographical summaries. These financial statements will, in accordance with usual practice, be placed in our committee files where they may be seen by the public or examined by anyone that wishes.

Thank you.

Now, Senator Jackson is here and he would like to make a short statement on behalf of John Black, who comes from the State of Washington, and the chairman would like to second what Senator Jackson has to say.

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STATEMENT OF HON. HENRY M. JACKSON, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

Senator JACKSON. Mr. Chairman, I am very happy to present John W. Black to be the Director of the U.S. Travel Service. Mr. Black was born in Spokane, he grew up in Seattle, he graduated, after having served in the Navy during World War II, graduated from the University of Washington in 1947 with a bachelor of arts degree. He then received his master's degree in international affairs from Columbia University in 1949.

He entered into the Foreign Service in 1949 and served in the Department of State here in Washington, D.C. and then, until 1955, he served as a member of the Foreign Service abroad.

Then as the chairman knows, from 1955 until 1961, he was on the staff of this committee. Then, in 1959, he received his juris doctor degree from George Washington University Law School. And he has been the Deputy Director of the Travel Service since its inception in

1961.

I have a sneaking suspicion he had something to do with the drafting of the legislation setting up the Travel Service, which the distinguished chairman authored.

He is exceptionally well-qualified for this position. He is a career Government employee and comes with the finest of credentials. The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Senator Jackson.

Any questions of Senator Jackson?

Senator BARTLETT. Do you have any fear he is overeducated?

Senator JACKSON. I am sure that was balanced out during his 6 years of service with this committee.

The CHAIRMAN. All right, John, will you come up here. We will be glad to hear from you.

(Mr. Black's biographical sketch follows:)

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF JOHN W. BLACK

John W. Black, 39, an attorney-economist, was born in Spokane, Wash., and received his secondary schooling in Seattle. He has had extensive training and experience in international affairs.

Mr. Black entered Government service in 1949 as a desk officer intern in the Department of State, where his work involved political and economic relations with Great Britain and Ireland.

From 1950 to 1955 he held various posts in the U.S. Foreign Service and was. successively, Kreis Resident Officer for Tauberbischofsheim under the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany, Vice Consul at the Munich Consulate General, and Second Secretary and Administrative Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Port-auPrince, Haiti.

Mr. Black is a graduate of the University of Washington, where he received a bachelor of arts degree in 1947. He also attended the University of Colorado and received his master of international affairs degree in 1949 at Columbia University. In 1959 he received his juris doctor degree from the George Washington University Law School.

Mr. Black enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1943 and was commissioned as an ensign in 1945. He was assigned to the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Siboney as combat information center officer and later as division officer in the Southwest Pacific before he was honorably discharged in 1946.

Mr. Black has been closely associated with the travel promotion program from the beginning. As a member of the Senate Commerce Committee staff (1955–61), he worked on aviation, maritime and foreign trade legislation and helped draft the International Travel Act of 1961. The Travel Act, signed by the President on June 29, 1961, established the USTS in the Department of Commerce.

After serving several months as a Special Assistant to the Secretary of Commerce, he was named Deputy Director of the Travel Service in November 1961, and Acting Director on May 1, 1964.

Mr. Black is a member of the District of Columbia Bar and of the American Bar Association. He is married to the former Iryne Codon of Los Angeles and resides with his wife and three children at 7025 31st Street NW., Washington, D.C.

STATEMENT OF JOHN W. BLACK, NOMINEE

The CHAIRMAN. The Chair only wants to point out that, other than what my colleague pointed out, Mr. Black has been closely associated with the whole travel promotion program from the beginning, and he was a member of this committee's staff from 1955 to 1961, and he worked particularly on aviation, maritime, and foreign trade legislation, and helped the chairman draft the bill which established the U.S. Travel Service in 1961. So he comes to this position after having served down there as the deputy to Mr. Gilmore with a great deal of legislative and actual experience in this very important field.

Do you have any statement you would like to give the committee, or would you just like to open it up for questions?

Mr. BLACK. No, sir, I would just be prepared for questions.

The CHAIRMAN. Well, the chairman and the committee, of course, are deeply interested in this legislation, because we did sponsor it. And for the record, the real reason that the U.S. Travel Service was set up was that this committee, in holding hearings on the balance-ofpayments deficits, found I think somewhat to the amazement of many of us on the committee, way back in 1960, that one of the real problems in the balance-of-payment deficits came from the fact that Americans traveling abroad spent anywhere from $1.2 billion, or $1.5 billionyou will give us the figures for this last year-in traveling abroad, whereas foreign travelers in the United States spent anywhere from $250 million to $300 million maybe, and sometimes less.

So that the balance-of-payment deficits, over a third of it in some cases, in some years, has been the result of the outflow of gold from this particular problem.

So we drew up the legislation in hopes that we could encourage more foreign people to travel in the United States. We knew that it would never-I don't suppose it will quite ever, in the very near future would ever exceed the amount of money that Americans spend abroad, but it would do something to close the gap.

And it had a lot of other advantages, intangible advantages. Foreigners traveling in the United States get to know us better, have understanding. But our real problem has been over the years to disspel an almost universal conception, throughout the world, that it is too costly to travel in the United States, which is not true.

Then we had some problems with immigration, which were partially solved, simplifying the procedures allowing foreigners to get passports and visas to come to the United States for tourist purposes. Francis Knight was very helpful in that matter. As a result, we have made some progress in this field. And the amount of the appropriation has not been as adequate as the chairman would like, or the committee, I think, would like, over the years. But we hope to remedy that.

We have found, for instance, that many, many States in the Union appropriate more money to encourage travel within their States than

the whole U.S. Government did. We found that all other countries in the world were doing much more, particularly in ratio to their national budgets-way above the percentage that we were using. For instance, Great Britain and France, Italy, Germany, and eastern European countries set aside a certain percentage of their budget and the ratio they set aside is dependent upon the amount of money used in travel in their country for promotional features.

So this is the background of this particular U.S. travel agency, which was set up under the Department of Commerce. So I wanted to just for the record, John, ask these questions:

How much has travel by foreign tourists increased since mid-1961, when the agency got started?

Mr. BLACK. Well, Mr. Chairman, we are talking now about oversea visitors, not counting Canada and Mexico, because you have bordercrosser problems in Canada and Mexico. So, just in terms of visitors from every other country, the increase since 1961 has been 86.3 percent. The CHAIRMAN. Have the other countries experienced similar increases in their tourist travel?

Mr. BLACK. No, sir. This is the thing that encourages us the most, because whereas last year we had a 31 percent increase in these visitors, our competitors, like Canada, Mexico, the British, Australia, and so forth, were showing between 10 and 12 percent increases from the same countries. So we feel our share of the market is expanding. The CHAIRMAN. What role have the foreign tourists played in the overall balance-of-payment situation?

Mr. BLACK. Well, last year I think we can be very happy that the total travel gap went down. It had been $1.6 billion, actually $1,635 million in 1963; last year it was $1,606 million. So this is an interesting development and it encourages us.

A lot of the reason for this is the fact that we did have this tremendous increase in oversea visitors last year.

The CHAIRMAN. How many travel offices do you now have outside the United States?

Mr. BLACK. We have nine-actually seven downstairs public information offices. Then we have two other posts where we have a man in the embassy or consulate, that serves as a trade contact

man.

So we have nine posts altogether.

The CHAIRMAN. Where are the seven?

Mr. BLACK. London, Paris, Frankfurt, Rome, Mexico City, Tokyo and Sydney, Australia.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you have any plans to add to those in the future, immediate future?

Mr. BLACK. Well, this fiscal year, depending upon our Senate appropriations and the final appropriations report, we hope to establish embassy contact people in Stockholm, to cover Scandinavia, and Amsterdam to cover the Benelux countries.

We have been trying to get in there for some years and we hope we can this fiscal year.

The CHAIRMAN. How much did the House put in the bill?

Mr. BLACK. $3 million.

The CHAIRMAN. That was the same as last year?

Mr. BLACK. That is right.