Revolution of 1688, its permanent
service to the constitution, cxxxvii.
582

Révy (J. J.), his work on the Para-

ná, Uruguay, and La Plata Estu-
aries, cxxxix. 444; his employ-
ment by the Argentine Republic,
446; his valuable observations on
the Paraná, 448; his geological
remarks, 457; his description of a
dust-storm, 458; his discovery of
an important law in hydraulics,
460, 467; Mr. Bateman's suit
against him, 467 note

Reynolds (Sir Joshua, 1723-1792),

first President of the Royal Aca-
demy, cxviii. 487; his literary
services to art, 500; recommends
the election of Honorary Members
or Professors, ib.; his discourses,
503

his poor impressions of Ra-
phael's works, cxxii. 76

failure of his 'Hercules,'
painted for the Empress of Russia,
cxxxix. 195

Rhetoricians, the, Plato's attacks on,
cxxiii. 315

Rhyme, dangers of, in classical trans-
lation, cxxi. 142

Riad (Arabia), removal of Wahha-
bee capital to, cxxii. 513
Ribboumen, outrages of, in 1840,
cxxix. 107

Ribbon Society, unearthed by the
recent Westmeath Act, cxxxiv.
565

Ricardo (Mr.), his evidence on pa-
tents, cxxi. 582
Rice-paper plant, the Chinese, cxxx.
471

Richard I. (1157-1199), his relations

with Anjou, cxxvii. 92
Richard III. (1452-1485), ineffectual
attempts to vindicate his character,
cxv. 294; his conduct at Tewkes-
bury, 298; his share in the death
of Henry VI., 299; his aversion
to bribes, 302; death of Clarence,

ib.; contradictory accounts of his
usurpation, 307; conduct on his
accession, 309; his reputed un-
easiness of mind, 311; his attach-
ment to his wife, 314; belief in
omens, 316; his conduct at Bos-
worth-field, 317; indignities offer-
ed to his corpse, 321; his personal
appearance, ib.

Richard III., memorials relative to,
edited by Mr. Gairdner, cxxi. 200;
his conduct towards the Earl of
Richmond, 201; his relations with
Louis XI., ib.; negotiations with
Spain, 202; overtures of Maximi-
lian, 203

his portraits at Windsor
Castle, cxxiv. 350; and in the
National Portrait Gallery, ib.
Richard of Bury. See Angarville
Richard of Hampole, his life as a

hermit, by Mr. Perry, cxxv. 245
Richard (Mr.), Nonconformist mem-
ber for Merthyr, his recognition of
the national character of the
Church of England, cxl. 450
Richardson (Samuel, 1689-1761),
criticised by M. Taine, cxxi. 318,
319

anecdote of the popularity of
his 'Clarissa,' cxxvi. 482
Richelieu (Armand Jean Duplessis,
Cardinal, 1585-1642), his designs
on Lorraine, cxii. 66 ; requires the
surrender of Nancy, 68

his policy respecting the
Mantuan Succession, cxxiii. 37,
44; his interviews with Mazarin,
45, 51

his treatment of the Hu-
guenots, cxxiv. 103

his corpse decapitated in
1793, cxxiv. 363; mutilation of
his statue, ib.
Richelieu (Louis François Armand
Duplessis, Duke of, Marshal of
France, 1696-1788), his alleged
exploit at Fontenoy, cxx. 528,
529

Richelieu (Louis François Armand
Duplessis, Duke of), his spoiled
character, cxxv. 481; his liber-
tinism, ib.; his intrigues with
the Duchess of Châteauroux, 489,
494

Richmond (U. S.), campaign of
1864 against, cxxi. 266; different
routes proposed by Lincoln and
McClellan, 268, 269; triple opera-
tions against, by Grant, 272,

273

injudicious detention of Lee
at, cxxix. 263; Confederate sorties
from, 264; surrender of, 267, 268
Ricimer (Count, d. 472), his sacking
of Rome, cxviii. 350
Ricketts (Mr. George), deputy-com-
missioner of Loodiana, heroic con-
duct of, during the Indian Mutiny,
cxxxiii. 111, 112

Riddell (Mr. John), his services to
Scottish genealogy, cxxi. 341

his legal attainments, cxxxi.
204; friendship with Sir W.
Hamilton, ib.

Rienzi (Nicholas Gabrini de, d. 1354),

his attempt at political regenera-
tion at Rome, cxxxvi. 122
Rifled Ordnance, two systems of,
cxix. 482; immense cost of expe-
riments with, 484; fundamental
error of breech-loading for field-
guns, 487; doctrine as to windage
recently modified, 488; fuzes, ib. ;
French experiments on windage,
489; fouling increased by absence
of windage, 491; simplicity the
object of the French system of,
499 (see French Artillery); tabular
comparison of, in England and
France, 508; mania of Americans
for huge siege-guns, 512; superi-
ority of the old 68-pounder, 515;
'shunt' guns described, 515; at-
tempts at Woolwich to strengthen
iron guns, 525; experiments in
hollow projectiles from heavy guns,
528; doubtful value of monster

Right, the term explained as the
'law of discord,' cxii. 393

vague acceptations of, cxiv.
468; Mr. Austin's definition of,
ib.
Rights, notions involved in the term,
cxviii. 453; correlative with
duties, ib.; Mr. Austin's defini-
tion of legal rights, 453; his ana-
lysis of rights imperfect, ib. ; fidu-
ciary rights, ib.; their antithetical
term Wrong or Injury, 455; pri-
mary division of, in the Roman
law, 472; classes of, included in
quasi-contracts, 473; Mr. Austin's
division of, into primary and sanc-
tioning, 474; considered as a
groundwork of law, 476
Rig-Veda, the. See Vedas
Riley (Mr. H. T.), his 'Memorials
of London Life,' cxxxi. 155; val-
uable picture of mediæval London,
156; and of early guilds, 172
Rilliet (M. Albert), his 'Origines de
la Confédération Suisse, Histoire
et Légende,' cxxix. 127; his dis-
section of fabulous history, 128;
his use of original documents, 131;
on the story of Tell, 145, 152 ;
his candid and ingenious writings,
153

Rio (A. F.), his work on Shakspeare,

cxxiii. 146; his object to prove
him a Roman Catholic, ib.; his
reckless assertions, 149; perverted
quotations, 153; on the names of
Shakspeare's sons, 158; his tra-
vesty of history, 163; absurd

theory of Romeo and Juliet, 171;
and of King John, 172; misre-
presentation of passages, 175; his
work confuted by Dr. Bernays,

179

Ritson (Joseph, 1752-1803), his
character as editor of old English
literature, cxxv. 222
Ritualism, the controversy a revival

of earlier contests, cxxv. 440;
legal toleration advocated, 441;
rapid efflorescence of, ib. ; elements
of permanent influence, 442; con-
nexion with free-thought, 443;
counter-tendencies to simplicity in
worship, ib.; exaggerated impor-
tance attached to question of vest-
ments, 444; the Act of Elizabeth,
445; ancient lay origin of vest-
ments, 446; the alb and pall, ib.;
varieties of Roman overcoats, viz.
the cope, chasuble, cassock, surplice,
447; the costumes retained at the
Reformation for comeliness, ib.;
the Episcopal rochet, ib.; evils of
innovation, 448; disgraceful scenes
at St. George's-in-the-East, 449;
insubordination against bishops,
450; mimicry of Romanism, 451;
'histrionic' worship advocated by
Ritualists, ib.; origin of the cre-
dence-table, 453; material views
of the Eucharist, 454; assertion
of priestly functions, 455; intoler-
ance of Ritualists, 456; their
anti-social and anti-national ten-
dencies, 458; impatience of state
control, 459; alliance with Non-
conformists and philosophical Lib-
erals, 460; violation of Church
and State principles, 461; ecclesi-
astical tyranny in Free Churches,
462, 463; character of Ritualists
as Nonconformists in the Church
of England, 464; toleration re-
commended, ib. ; joint declaration
of Convocation against Ritualism,
466; Charges of Bishops of St.
David's and Oxford, 467

Ritualism, recent legislation against,
cxl. 427
Ritualists, their excesses controlled
by civil authority, cxxviii. 268
Ritual Commission, its proposals
respecting week-day services, cxl.
457; imperfect composition of,
459; their Report submitted to
Convocation, ib. See Rubric,
Anglican

Rivers, hydraulic conditions of,
cxxxix. 460, 467

Roads, bad state of, in England, in
the last century, cxxxviii. 488
Road-Act, the first, cxxv. 89. See
Highways

Robbia (Luca della, Tuscan sculp-
tor), not the inventor of glazed
terra cotta, cxxi. 542; his works,
ib.; other sculptors in his family,

543

Roberts (Dr. Alexander), his Dis-
cussions on the Gospels,' cxxii.
103; on Greek and Aramaic in
Palestine, 105 note
Robertson (William, D.D., 1721-

1793), Dr. Carlyle's sketch of,
cxiii. 171; his first interview with
Smollett, 175

his ignorance of the early
history of America, cxxv. 338

his four epochs' of Scottish
history, cxxvi. 238; on the early
power of the Scottish nobility,

253

his misstatement as to Charles
V.'s reservation of income, cxxxii.
97

Robertson (Rev. James), his secret

mission in 1808 to the Danish
Islands, cxviii 245 note
Robespierre (Francis Maximilian
Joseph Isidore, 1759-1794), his
opposition to the war against the
Coalition, cxviii. 105; his share in
the massacres of September, 120;
story of his murder by Méda, 124;
report of the surgeons, 126; his
suicide clearly proved, ib.

Robespierre (Francis Maximilian
Joseph Isidore), his hatred of Eng-
land explained, cxxviii. 308
Robinson (Henry Crabb, b. 1775,
d. 1867), diaries of, edited by
Mr. Sadler, cxxx. 509; absurdly
compared to Pepys and Boswell,
ib.; destitute of the dramatic
faculty, ib.; his robust longevity,
510; editor's materials, 511;
inaccurate anecdotes, 512; bad
memory of details, 513; family
religion, ib.; his early life, 514;
studies in Germany, ib.; ас-
quaintance with Schiller and
Goethe, 515; with Madame de
Staël, 516; revisits the Continent,
ib.; a writer for the 'Times,' 517;
his life at the Bar, 518; his pro-
fessional income, ib. 519; his
lavish generosity, ib.; Bar anec-
dotes, 520; visit to Ireland, ib.;
first meeting with O'Connell, ib. ;
and Shiel, 522; he was never in
love, ib.; description of Miss Bush,
523; his adoration of Wordsworth,
Coleridge, and Lamb, ib.; simpli-
city of his lion-worship, 525; his
peculiar affection for Lamb, 529;
conversation with Mary Lamb,
530; anecdotes of Landor, ib. 531;
later intimacy with Lady Byron,
532; meeting with Moore, ib.;
and Macaulay, 533; his disregard
of politics, 534; early habits of
free-thinking, 535; his mental
instability, ib.; religious specula-
tions, 536; shallowness of his
scepticism, 537; his opinions of
Dissent, ib.; on the existence of
evil, 539; his amiable gossip, 539
Robinson (Admiral), his judicious
appointment to the Controllership
of the Navy, cxviii. 183
Robinson (Mr. W.), his 'Parks and
Gardens of Paris, cxxx. 459; his
opportunities of observation, ib. ;
on the importance of squares, 464;
description of the Abyssinian

banana, 470; specimens of trees,
ib. 475; remarks on orchids, 476;
his greenhouse reforms criticised,
ib.; suggestions for fruit-growing,
478; on mushroom-culture at Mont-
rouge, 481; merits of his work,
483

Rob Roy. See McGregor
Rochdale Pioneers, the Society of,
origin of, cxx. 408; its advantages
described, 413, 414; educational
efforts of, 427; proposal for closing
reading-room on Sundays rejected,

428

Rochelle, La, bravery of Huguenots
at the siege of, cxxiv. 103; cxxx.
375
Rockingham (Charles Watson Went-
worth, Marquis of, 1730-1782),
his brief administration in 1765,
cxxvi. 20

Rock-Salt, production of, in Eng-
land, cxx. 484

Rodney (George Brydges, Lord, 1717
-1792), his improved naval tactics,
cxxxvi. 581

Rogers (Samuel, 1762-1855), his
remark on autographs, cxxvi. 493
Rogers (Professor H. D.), his Es-
says on the Coal Formation and
its Fossils,' cxi. 68; his theory of
coal deposits, 78, 79; his estimates
of coal-fields in different countries,
88 note; on anthracite deposits in
America, 93; his laborious re-
searches, 94

Rogers (Professor J. E. Thorold),
his
History of Agriculture and
Prices in England, 1259-1793,'
cxxvi. 43; his original authorities,
44; under-estimates the popula-
tion, 49, 50; his social sketches,
52, 55; anecdotes of early use of
wine, 56; on the famine of
1315-16, 59; on the effects of the
Black Death, 60-65; on Tyler's
insurrection, ib.; his views on
peasant-proprietorship and strict
settlements, 67–69

Rogers (Professor J. E. Thorold),
his letter on the Irish Land
Question, cxxxi. 272 note

on early prices of books in
England, cxxxix. 12
Roland

(Marie-Jeanne Phlipon,
Madame, 1754-1793), rival me-
moirs of, cxxi. 284; her 'Appeal to
Impartial Posterity,' edited by M.
Bosc, 386; the Champagneux edi-
tion, 387; her correspondence, 388;
her love for Buzot, 389; discovery
of her letters to him, 390; and of
his portrait, 391; her memoirs
composed in prison, 393; doubts
of their authenticity, 394 note;
her want of delicacy, ib.; baneful
influence of Rousseau, 395; her
early zeal for learning, 396; her
convent life, 398; her earnestness
and sincerity, 399; friendship for
the Cannets, ib. ; her love of theo-
rising, 400; her masculine virtues,
401; her intellectual pride, 403;
portrait of her husband, 404; her
'Marriage of Reason,' 405; retire-
ment at Clos La Platière, 408;
plunges into politics, 409; intimacy
with the Revolutionary leaders,
410; her services to her husband,
412; distrust of the Court party,
ib.; her letter to Louis XVI., 413;
her aversion to Danton, ib.; her
imprisonment, 417; declines pro-
posals to escape, 419; her passion
for Buzot renewed, ib.; ideas of
suicide, 421; her sentence, 423;
her firm conduct on the scaffold,
ib.; her husband's suicide, 424;
her character, ib.

M. Beugnot's description of,
at her trial, cxxv. 314
Rolls. Master of the, Bill for his ex-
clusion from Parliament, cxiv.
282

Romagna, the, lawless state of, in

the sixteenth century, cxxx. 11
Roman Catholics (Roman Catholic

Church), exclusive Italianism ’

of, since the Reformation, cxvi.
276

Roman Catholics (Roman Catholic
Church), fiction of vicars-apostolic
or bishops in partibus infidelium,
cxviii. 566 note

her corrupt condition in Scot-
land at the Reformation, cxix. 185;
other causes of its unpopularity
there, 186; repressive measures of
the Reformers, 187; its gradual
reintroduction, 188; its vitality
in the Highlands, 189; seminaries
for Scottish priests abroad, 192

her claims to a divine com-
mission, cxxviii. 259; rejects all
allegiance to the civil power, ib.;
her separate sovereignty in foreign
countries, ib. her compacts with
States for establishment, ib.; con-
sistency of her pretensions, 261
Roman Catholic Church, recent evi-
dence of internal divisions, cxxxiv.
134 (see Vatican Council); two
classes of the laity in, 149
Roman Catholicism, misdirected de-
votion of, illustrated by history,
cxxx. 52; ethnological features of,
67

Roman Catholics, their position in
the Church under Elizabeth,
cxxiii. 148

their pretensions respecting
the diocesan system, cxxxvii. 201
Roman Catholics (Irish), recent ag-
gressiveness of, in Ireland, cxxiii.
462; numerical proportion of,
there, 463

marriages of, cxxx. 277, 279;
contradictory attitude of, respect-
ing endowment, 331

their demands of educational
control, cxxxv. 166, 196. See
Irish Education

Roman Empire, the, cxxix. 68; his-

torians of, under the Cæsars, ib.
71; social life in the time of Plu-
tarch, 72; propensity to crowd in
cities, 75; disorder before Augus-