Revolution of 1688, its permanent service to the constitution, cxxxvii. 582
Révy (J. J.), his work on the Para-
ná, Uruguay, and La Plata Estu- aries, cxxxix. 444; his employ- ment by the Argentine Republic, 446; his valuable observations on the Paraná, 448; his geological remarks, 457; his description of a dust-storm, 458; his discovery of an important law in hydraulics, 460, 467; Mr. Bateman's suit against him, 467 note
Reynolds (Sir Joshua, 1723-1792),
first President of the Royal Aca- demy, cxviii. 487; his literary services to art, 500; recommends the election of Honorary Members or Professors, ib.; his discourses, 503
his poor impressions of Ra- phael's works, cxxii. 76
failure of his 'Hercules,' painted for the Empress of Russia, cxxxix. 195
Rhetoricians, the, Plato's attacks on, cxxiii. 315
Rhyme, dangers of, in classical trans- lation, cxxi. 142
Riad (Arabia), removal of Wahha- bee capital to, cxxii. 513 Ribboumen, outrages of, in 1840, cxxix. 107
Ribbon Society, unearthed by the recent Westmeath Act, cxxxiv. 565
Ricardo (Mr.), his evidence on pa- tents, cxxi. 582 Rice-paper plant, the Chinese, cxxx. 471
Richard I. (1157-1199), his relations
with Anjou, cxxvii. 92 Richard III. (1452-1485), ineffectual attempts to vindicate his character, cxv. 294; his conduct at Tewkes- bury, 298; his share in the death of Henry VI., 299; his aversion to bribes, 302; death of Clarence,
ib.; contradictory accounts of his usurpation, 307; conduct on his accession, 309; his reputed un- easiness of mind, 311; his attach- ment to his wife, 314; belief in omens, 316; his conduct at Bos- worth-field, 317; indignities offer- ed to his corpse, 321; his personal appearance, ib.
Richard III., memorials relative to, edited by Mr. Gairdner, cxxi. 200; his conduct towards the Earl of Richmond, 201; his relations with Louis XI., ib.; negotiations with Spain, 202; overtures of Maximi- lian, 203
his portraits at Windsor Castle, cxxiv. 350; and in the National Portrait Gallery, ib. Richard of Bury. See Angarville Richard of Hampole, his life as a
hermit, by Mr. Perry, cxxv. 245 Richard (Mr.), Nonconformist mem- ber for Merthyr, his recognition of the national character of the Church of England, cxl. 450 Richardson (Samuel, 1689-1761), criticised by M. Taine, cxxi. 318, 319
anecdote of the popularity of his 'Clarissa,' cxxvi. 482 Richelieu (Armand Jean Duplessis, Cardinal, 1585-1642), his designs on Lorraine, cxii. 66 ; requires the surrender of Nancy, 68
his policy respecting the Mantuan Succession, cxxiii. 37, 44; his interviews with Mazarin, 45, 51
his treatment of the Hu- guenots, cxxiv. 103
his corpse decapitated in 1793, cxxiv. 363; mutilation of his statue, ib. Richelieu (Louis François Armand Duplessis, Duke of, Marshal of France, 1696-1788), his alleged exploit at Fontenoy, cxx. 528, 529
Richelieu (Louis François Armand Duplessis, Duke of), his spoiled character, cxxv. 481; his liber- tinism, ib.; his intrigues with the Duchess of Châteauroux, 489, 494
Richmond (U. S.), campaign of 1864 against, cxxi. 266; different routes proposed by Lincoln and McClellan, 268, 269; triple opera- tions against, by Grant, 272,
injudicious detention of Lee at, cxxix. 263; Confederate sorties from, 264; surrender of, 267, 268 Ricimer (Count, d. 472), his sacking of Rome, cxviii. 350 Ricketts (Mr. George), deputy-com- missioner of Loodiana, heroic con- duct of, during the Indian Mutiny, cxxxiii. 111, 112
Riddell (Mr. John), his services to Scottish genealogy, cxxi. 341
his legal attainments, cxxxi. 204; friendship with Sir W. Hamilton, ib.
Rienzi (Nicholas Gabrini de, d. 1354),
his attempt at political regenera- tion at Rome, cxxxvi. 122 Rifled Ordnance, two systems of, cxix. 482; immense cost of expe- riments with, 484; fundamental error of breech-loading for field- guns, 487; doctrine as to windage recently modified, 488; fuzes, ib. ; French experiments on windage, 489; fouling increased by absence of windage, 491; simplicity the object of the French system of, 499 (see French Artillery); tabular comparison of, in England and France, 508; mania of Americans for huge siege-guns, 512; superi- ority of the old 68-pounder, 515; 'shunt' guns described, 515; at- tempts at Woolwich to strengthen iron guns, 525; experiments in hollow projectiles from heavy guns, 528; doubtful value of monster
Right, the term explained as the 'law of discord,' cxii. 393
vague acceptations of, cxiv. 468; Mr. Austin's definition of, ib. Rights, notions involved in the term, cxviii. 453; correlative with duties, ib.; Mr. Austin's defini- tion of legal rights, 453; his ana- lysis of rights imperfect, ib. ; fidu- ciary rights, ib.; their antithetical term Wrong or Injury, 455; pri- mary division of, in the Roman law, 472; classes of, included in quasi-contracts, 473; Mr. Austin's division of, into primary and sanc- tioning, 474; considered as a groundwork of law, 476 Rig-Veda, the. See Vedas Riley (Mr. H. T.), his 'Memorials of London Life,' cxxxi. 155; val- uable picture of mediæval London, 156; and of early guilds, 172 Rilliet (M. Albert), his 'Origines de la Confédération Suisse, Histoire et Légende,' cxxix. 127; his dis- section of fabulous history, 128; his use of original documents, 131; on the story of Tell, 145, 152 ; his candid and ingenious writings, 153
Rio (A. F.), his work on Shakspeare,
cxxiii. 146; his object to prove him a Roman Catholic, ib.; his reckless assertions, 149; perverted quotations, 153; on the names of Shakspeare's sons, 158; his tra- vesty of history, 163; absurd
theory of Romeo and Juliet, 171; and of King John, 172; misre- presentation of passages, 175; his work confuted by Dr. Bernays,
Ritson (Joseph, 1752-1803), his character as editor of old English literature, cxxv. 222 Ritualism, the controversy a revival
of earlier contests, cxxv. 440; legal toleration advocated, 441; rapid efflorescence of, ib. ; elements of permanent influence, 442; con- nexion with free-thought, 443; counter-tendencies to simplicity in worship, ib.; exaggerated impor- tance attached to question of vest- ments, 444; the Act of Elizabeth, 445; ancient lay origin of vest- ments, 446; the alb and pall, ib.; varieties of Roman overcoats, viz. the cope, chasuble, cassock, surplice, 447; the costumes retained at the Reformation for comeliness, ib.; the Episcopal rochet, ib.; evils of innovation, 448; disgraceful scenes at St. George's-in-the-East, 449; insubordination against bishops, 450; mimicry of Romanism, 451; 'histrionic' worship advocated by Ritualists, ib.; origin of the cre- dence-table, 453; material views of the Eucharist, 454; assertion of priestly functions, 455; intoler- ance of Ritualists, 456; their anti-social and anti-national ten- dencies, 458; impatience of state control, 459; alliance with Non- conformists and philosophical Lib- erals, 460; violation of Church and State principles, 461; ecclesi- astical tyranny in Free Churches, 462, 463; character of Ritualists as Nonconformists in the Church of England, 464; toleration re- commended, ib. ; joint declaration of Convocation against Ritualism, 466; Charges of Bishops of St. David's and Oxford, 467
Ritualism, recent legislation against, cxl. 427 Ritualists, their excesses controlled by civil authority, cxxviii. 268 Ritual Commission, its proposals respecting week-day services, cxl. 457; imperfect composition of, 459; their Report submitted to Convocation, ib. See Rubric, Anglican
Rivers, hydraulic conditions of, cxxxix. 460, 467
Roads, bad state of, in England, in the last century, cxxxviii. 488 Road-Act, the first, cxxv. 89. See Highways
Robbia (Luca della, Tuscan sculp- tor), not the inventor of glazed terra cotta, cxxi. 542; his works, ib.; other sculptors in his family,
Roberts (Dr. Alexander), his Dis- cussions on the Gospels,' cxxii. 103; on Greek and Aramaic in Palestine, 105 note Robertson (William, D.D., 1721-
1793), Dr. Carlyle's sketch of, cxiii. 171; his first interview with Smollett, 175
his ignorance of the early history of America, cxxv. 338
his four epochs' of Scottish history, cxxvi. 238; on the early power of the Scottish nobility,
his misstatement as to Charles V.'s reservation of income, cxxxii. 97
Robertson (Rev. James), his secret
mission in 1808 to the Danish Islands, cxviii 245 note Robespierre (Francis Maximilian Joseph Isidore, 1759-1794), his opposition to the war against the Coalition, cxviii. 105; his share in the massacres of September, 120; story of his murder by Méda, 124; report of the surgeons, 126; his suicide clearly proved, ib.
Robespierre (Francis Maximilian Joseph Isidore), his hatred of Eng- land explained, cxxviii. 308 Robinson (Henry Crabb, b. 1775, d. 1867), diaries of, edited by Mr. Sadler, cxxx. 509; absurdly compared to Pepys and Boswell, ib.; destitute of the dramatic faculty, ib.; his robust longevity, 510; editor's materials, 511; inaccurate anecdotes, 512; bad memory of details, 513; family religion, ib.; his early life, 514; studies in Germany, ib.; ас- quaintance with Schiller and Goethe, 515; with Madame de Staël, 516; revisits the Continent, ib.; a writer for the 'Times,' 517; his life at the Bar, 518; his pro- fessional income, ib. 519; his lavish generosity, ib.; Bar anec- dotes, 520; visit to Ireland, ib.; first meeting with O'Connell, ib. ; and Shiel, 522; he was never in love, ib.; description of Miss Bush, 523; his adoration of Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Lamb, ib.; simpli- city of his lion-worship, 525; his peculiar affection for Lamb, 529; conversation with Mary Lamb, 530; anecdotes of Landor, ib. 531; later intimacy with Lady Byron, 532; meeting with Moore, ib.; and Macaulay, 533; his disregard of politics, 534; early habits of free-thinking, 535; his mental instability, ib.; religious specula- tions, 536; shallowness of his scepticism, 537; his opinions of Dissent, ib.; on the existence of evil, 539; his amiable gossip, 539 Robinson (Admiral), his judicious appointment to the Controllership of the Navy, cxviii. 183 Robinson (Mr. W.), his 'Parks and Gardens of Paris, cxxx. 459; his opportunities of observation, ib. ; on the importance of squares, 464; description of the Abyssinian
banana, 470; specimens of trees, ib. 475; remarks on orchids, 476; his greenhouse reforms criticised, ib.; suggestions for fruit-growing, 478; on mushroom-culture at Mont- rouge, 481; merits of his work, 483
Rob Roy. See McGregor Rochdale Pioneers, the Society of, origin of, cxx. 408; its advantages described, 413, 414; educational efforts of, 427; proposal for closing reading-room on Sundays rejected,
Rochelle, La, bravery of Huguenots at the siege of, cxxiv. 103; cxxx. 375 Rockingham (Charles Watson Went- worth, Marquis of, 1730-1782), his brief administration in 1765, cxxvi. 20
Rock-Salt, production of, in Eng- land, cxx. 484
Rodney (George Brydges, Lord, 1717 -1792), his improved naval tactics, cxxxvi. 581
Rogers (Samuel, 1762-1855), his remark on autographs, cxxvi. 493 Rogers (Professor H. D.), his Es- says on the Coal Formation and its Fossils,' cxi. 68; his theory of coal deposits, 78, 79; his estimates of coal-fields in different countries, 88 note; on anthracite deposits in America, 93; his laborious re- searches, 94
Rogers (Professor J. E. Thorold), his History of Agriculture and Prices in England, 1259-1793,' cxxvi. 43; his original authorities, 44; under-estimates the popula- tion, 49, 50; his social sketches, 52, 55; anecdotes of early use of wine, 56; on the famine of 1315-16, 59; on the effects of the Black Death, 60-65; on Tyler's insurrection, ib.; his views on peasant-proprietorship and strict settlements, 67–69
Rogers (Professor J. E. Thorold), his letter on the Irish Land Question, cxxxi. 272 note
on early prices of books in England, cxxxix. 12 Roland
(Marie-Jeanne Phlipon, Madame, 1754-1793), rival me- moirs of, cxxi. 284; her 'Appeal to Impartial Posterity,' edited by M. Bosc, 386; the Champagneux edi- tion, 387; her correspondence, 388; her love for Buzot, 389; discovery of her letters to him, 390; and of his portrait, 391; her memoirs composed in prison, 393; doubts of their authenticity, 394 note; her want of delicacy, ib.; baneful influence of Rousseau, 395; her early zeal for learning, 396; her convent life, 398; her earnestness and sincerity, 399; friendship for the Cannets, ib. ; her love of theo- rising, 400; her masculine virtues, 401; her intellectual pride, 403; portrait of her husband, 404; her 'Marriage of Reason,' 405; retire- ment at Clos La Platière, 408; plunges into politics, 409; intimacy with the Revolutionary leaders, 410; her services to her husband, 412; distrust of the Court party, ib.; her letter to Louis XVI., 413; her aversion to Danton, ib.; her imprisonment, 417; declines pro- posals to escape, 419; her passion for Buzot renewed, ib.; ideas of suicide, 421; her sentence, 423; her firm conduct on the scaffold, ib.; her husband's suicide, 424; her character, ib.
M. Beugnot's description of, at her trial, cxxv. 314 Rolls. Master of the, Bill for his ex- clusion from Parliament, cxiv. 282
Romagna, the, lawless state of, in
the sixteenth century, cxxx. 11 Roman Catholics (Roman Catholic
Church), exclusive Italianism ’
of, since the Reformation, cxvi. 276
Roman Catholics (Roman Catholic Church), fiction of vicars-apostolic or bishops in partibus infidelium, cxviii. 566 note
her corrupt condition in Scot- land at the Reformation, cxix. 185; other causes of its unpopularity there, 186; repressive measures of the Reformers, 187; its gradual reintroduction, 188; its vitality in the Highlands, 189; seminaries for Scottish priests abroad, 192
her claims to a divine com- mission, cxxviii. 259; rejects all allegiance to the civil power, ib.; her separate sovereignty in foreign countries, ib. her compacts with States for establishment, ib.; con- sistency of her pretensions, 261 Roman Catholic Church, recent evi- dence of internal divisions, cxxxiv. 134 (see Vatican Council); two classes of the laity in, 149 Roman Catholicism, misdirected de- votion of, illustrated by history, cxxx. 52; ethnological features of, 67
Roman Catholics, their position in the Church under Elizabeth, cxxiii. 148
their pretensions respecting the diocesan system, cxxxvii. 201 Roman Catholics (Irish), recent ag- gressiveness of, in Ireland, cxxiii. 462; numerical proportion of, there, 463
marriages of, cxxx. 277, 279; contradictory attitude of, respect- ing endowment, 331
their demands of educational control, cxxxv. 166, 196. See Irish Education
Roman Empire, the, cxxix. 68; his-
torians of, under the Cæsars, ib. 71; social life in the time of Plu- tarch, 72; propensity to crowd in cities, 75; disorder before Augus-
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