more's Report of 1866, ib.; capacity
of the Post Office for the manage-
ment of, 157; his supplementary
Report of 1868, 158; the Act of
last year, ib.; extravagant terms
conceded to the companies, 160;
compensation to railway compa-
nies, 163; waste of public funds,
165; arrangements not defined,
166; Mr. Scudamore's calculations
of receipts and expenses, ib.; pros-
pects of a sixpenny rate, 167;
hasty character of the Act, 168;
rates for words over twenty too
high, ib.; rise in value of telegraph
shares, 169. See Postal Telegraphs
Electric telegraphs, first step in the
discovery, cxxxii. 209 ; subsequent
inventions, 210; adopted on the
Great Western Railway, 211;
State purchase of, completed, 212;
scheme of Post-office management,
213; the 'galvanometer,' 232;
submarine cables, ib.-247.
See
Ocean Telegraphs
Electro-magnet, the, invented by
Sturgeon, cxxxii. 209
Elephants, introduction of, into war-
fare, cxiv. 80
extinct species of, cxviii. 297
Elers (J. P. and David), their pot-
tery-work in Staffordshire, cxxvi.
210; their precautions for secrecy,
211; their workmanship revealed,
ib.; their removal to Chelsea, 212
Elgin (James Bruce, Earl of, 1811-
1861), Narrative of his mission to
China and Japan in 1857, 1858,
and 1859, by L, Oliphant, his pri-
vate secretary, cxi. 96; state of
Chinese affairs on his arrival, 97;
enters Canton after bombardment,
100; his first despatch to the Em-
peror, ib. ; his plan to intercept the
grain-fleet at the Peiho, 101; non-
arrival of gun-boats, ib.; Treaty of
Tientsin, 102; his view of the
mission to Pekin, 104; his favour-
able impression of the Japanese,
105; his voyage to Nagasaki in
the Furious,' 106; sketch of
Yeddo, 109; respect entertained
for his rank, 113; signature of the
Treaty, 115
Elgin (Earl of), his relations with
the Executive Council in Canada,
cxxi. 194
his remarks on Chinese cha-
racter, cxxix. 331
- Letters and Journals of,edited
by Mr. Walrond, cxxxvii. 39; the
type of an English Governor, ib. 40;
his birth, ib.; brilliant circle of
Oxford friends, ib.; eloquence at
the Union, 41; his brief career in
Parliament, ib.; made Governor of
Jamaica, ib.; inaugurates free la-
bour, 42; Governor-General of
Canada, 43; conciliation of the
French Canadians, 44; commercial
reforms, ib.; the Rebellion Losses
Bill, 45; his resignation, ib.; his
policy vindicated, 46; steady sup-
port of monarchical principles in
Canada, 47; returns to England,
ib.; declines a seat in the Cabinet,
48; news of the Indian Mutiny on
his arrival at Ceylon, 49; he diverts
the transports from Singapore to
Calcutta, ib.; visit to Calcutta,
ib.; his view of the crisis, 50; his
mission to China, ib.; and Japan,
51; ambassador extraordinary in
1859 to China, 52; on the affair
of the Peiho Forts, ib.; justifies
the destruction of the Summer
Palace, 53; signs the Treaty of
Pekin, 54; returns to England,
ib.; his viceroyship of India, 55;
his provincial tours, 56; death
and burial-place, ib.; his patriotic
services, ib.; note to above article,
p. 52, correcting statements rela-
tive to the Peiho Forts, 298
Elia, St. (Giovanni Rachetta, d. 904),
his efforts against the Mussulinans
in Sicily, exvi. 372
Eliot, Sir John (1590-1632), his Eliot (George), her Middlemarch,'
manuscripts in the possession of the
Earl of St. Germans, cxx. 1; his
early education, 3; enters Parlia-
ment, ib.; his admiration of Ra-
leigh's heroism, 4; appointed Vice-
Admiral of Devon, ib.; captures
Nutt the pirate, 5; is imprisoned
on false charges, ib.; regains his
seat in Parliament, 6; vindicates
freedom of speech, 7; his conspi-
cuous part in debate, 8; his me-
moir of the first Parliament of
Charles I., 9; deprecates the sus-
pension of laws against Catholics,
11; on the character of Went-
worth, 12; his speech against
Buckingham, 18; his arrest and
release, ib.; loss of his official post,
19; a recusant to the forced loan,
ib.; his religious spirit, 20; his
speech in 1627 on the national
grievances, 21; his motion for a
Remonstrance, 26; his second in-
vective against Buckingham, 28;
death of his wife, 29; his assertion
of ministerial responsibility, 33;
his Declaration, 34; is committed
to the Tower, 35; his prison life,
37; his death, 38; Hallam's eu-
logy of him, ib.; his judgment
reversed by Charles II., 39
Eliot (George), her 'Felix Holt,'
cxxiv. 435 (see Felix Holt); mas-
culine pseudonym of the authoress,
b.; her love of exposing dull un-
derstandings, ib.; success of her
'Romola,' 436; her power of de-
lineating character, 438: defective
construction of her shorter tales,
ib.;
her mistakes in law, 439
her 'Spanish Gypsy,' exxviii.
523; novelty of the experiment,
ib.; peculiar structure of the poem,
524; its story, 525; the hero and
heroine, 527; extravagance of its
originality, 528; her powers of
description, 535; preferred as a
novelist to a poet, 538
cxxxvii. 246. See Middlemarch
Elizabeth (Queen, 1533-1603), her
scheme of a joint protectorate
with France over the Netherlands,
cxiii. 191; promises assistance
against Spain, 194; her avarice
and caprice, 195; deceived by
Philip's show of friendship, 211
Elizabeth (Queen), her character re-
vealed by the Simancas archives,
cxix. 261; her policy of ecclesiasti-
cal compromise, 262; her fickle
dealings with the Scotch Protes-
tants, 265; her hatred of Knox,
268; her character contrasted by Mr.
Froude with that of Mary Stuart,
273; her speech at Tilbury, 274;
her relations with Leicester, 275
Catholic martyrdoms during
her reign, cxxiii. 163, 164, notes.
her agate charm, cxxiv. 232;
her letter to Mary on Darnley's
murder, 481; her show of friend-
ship to Mary, 488; her Commis-
sion of 1568, 489; guilty of in-
justice and perfidy to Mary, 491;
conspiracies against, 493; her
mean policy towards the Hugue-
nots, 494; revolt of Earl of
Northumberland, ib.; excommuni-
cated by Pius V., 497; her outrage
to Scotland, ib. ; divided opinions
among her Ministers, 498; nego-
tiates with Mary, ib.; her fickle
policy with France, 501; proposed
marriage with the Duke of Anjou,
ib., 502; summons Parliament,
503; Spanish plot for her assassina-
tion, ib.; proposed marriage with
Alençon, 505, 506; influence of
England abroad, 507; promises
assistance to Morton against Mary,
508, 509; her bad qualities re-
viewed, 510
her negotiations with the
Huguenots, cxxx. 368; loss of
Havre, 371; failure to recover
Calais, ib.
Elizabeth (Queen), harsh portrait of,
by Mr. Froude, cxxxi. 7; ingratitude
to her Ministers, 8; her false repu-
tation, ib.; her niggard policy, 9;
subservience to Philip, ib.; her
evasions of responsibility, 10; Lord
Macaulay's estimate of, in the
Edinburgh Review, 11; her policy
towards the Catholics, 16; plots
against her, 18; projects of mar-
riage with the Duc d'Alençon,
23, 26; the Babington conspiracy,
27; her plans to entrap Mary, 28;
her misconduct during the Spanish
Armada, 37
her remark to Sully on
securities for Europe, cxxxiii.
466
political pamphlets against,
cxxxiv. 171; Bull of Pope Sixtus
V. against, 173; peculiar sects
suppressed by, 174
her answer respecting the
Eucharist, cxxxvi. 288
her severities to the Catho-
lics in Ireland, cxxxvii. 131
her policy respecting Con-
vocation, cxl. 437; the 'Adver-
tisements' of 1565, 438
Elizabeth (Madame, sister of Louis
XVI.), her Correspondence edited
by M. Feuillet de Conches, cxxiii.
450; new light on her character
therein, ib., 453
Ellenborough (Edward Law, Lord,
1750-1818), his speech against the
abolition of capital punishment for
thefts above five shillings, cxi.
191
absurd story of, by Crabb
Robinson, exxx. 511
his partial summing-up in
the prosecution of the Examiner,'
cxxxv. 514
(Earl of, 1790-1871), his
proposed reform of the Indian
Council, exvii. 471; his despatch
against Lord Canning's proclama-
tion to Oude, 474
Ellicott (Charles John, Bishop of
Gloucester and Bristol, b. 1819),
on the characteristics of the four
Gospels, cxix. 589
his articles on the Pauline
Epistles in the Dictionary of the
Bible, cxxi. 72
on the Apocryphal gospels,
Elliot (Sir Gilbert), history of the
baronetcy, cxxxix. 183. See
Minto, Earl of
(Mr. F.), his report on Colo-
nial defence, cxv. 105
Ellis (Rev. W.), his Three Visits to
Madagascar, cxxvi. 376; circum-
stances of his first visit, 393; his
practical knowledge, ib.; his unsuc-
cessful application to visit the
capital, 394; invited in 1856, 395;
his interview with the Prince
Royal, 399; confidential inter-
course with native converts, 400;
returns to England, 401; re-in-
vited in 1862 by Radama II., 403;
his welcome, ib.; his prudent ab-
stinence from politics, 405; he
teaches English to the King, 406;
threatened by the idol-keepers,
407; jealousies of Jesuit mission-
aries, 408 note; his last interview
with the King, 410
Ellison (T), his 'Slavery and Seces-
sion in America,' cxiv. 556
Ellora (Central India), cave-temples
of, cxxii. 374, 383
Elmina (Gold Coast), French claims
to the colonisation of, in the
fourteenth century, cxxviii. 210,
Dutch cession of, to England,
cxxxviii. 577; recent disturbances
at, ib. See Gold Coast
Elswick Factory, competition of,
with the Royal Gun Factory at
Woolwich, cxix. 486
Emancipation, slave, effects of, on
the constitution of property, cxv.
333. See Negroes, Slavery
Embassies, permanent, establishment
of, in Europe, cxviii. 250, 252 Embezzlement, impunity of, before 1861, cxxi. 129
Emerald, etymology of, exxiv. 238; first applied to the beryls of India, ib.; varieties of, 241, 244 Emigration, to the Great Salt Lake, cxv. 198
Emigration, from Europe, enormous increase in during the present century, cxix. 281; causes of, in Ireland, ib.; promoted by education, steam, and free-trade, 282; increased cheapness of, from Ireland to America, 286; home remittances of Irish emigrants, ib.; effects of, on Irish peasants and proprietors, 292 Emmanuel Philibert (Duke of Savoy), his alliance with Switzerland, cxi. 539
Empedocles (5th century B.C.), his astronomical theories, cxvi. 91 Emperor, grandeur of the title in the sixteenth century, cxxxii. 76, 77 Encumbered Estates Court, operation of, in Ireland, exix. 292, 293 Encke (Johann Franz, 1791-1865), his estimate of the sun's distance from the earth, cxxxviii. 150. See Comets
Endowed Schools Act Amendment Bill (1874), cxl. 556, 565 Engadine, Upper, beauties of, cxxx. 129; guide-books of, 130; the Piz Languard, 131; Pontresina Samaden recommended to tourists, ib.
England, local nomenclature of, cxi.
356 antiquity of family and local names, 357; the Albion of Celtic times, ib.; early names of rivers surviving, ib.; Cymric and Gaelic branches, 359; British names of towns preserved in first syllable, ib.; Pen and Tar applied to mountains, 360; British names in Wales and Cornwall, 361; traces of
Roman occupation, 362; the Wall of Hadrian, 364; the word chester, 365; Roman roads or streets, 366, 368; Saxon element, ib.; names derived from natural objects, 369; trees, ib. ; orchards and gardens, 370; fords and bridges, ib.; commerce, 371; possessions of the King, 372; the prefix Ald, ib. ; names taken from the weather, ib.; Merry and Blythe, 373; Tynemouth, etc., ib.; family names, ib. ; word Ing, 374; Anglo-Saxon settlers, 376; names derived from metals, 377; from animals, 378, from sports, 380; from Pagan mythology, ib.; saints and holy wells, 382; Danish names, ib.; their prevalence in Lincolnshire, 385; Scandinavian names, 386; changes at the Norman Conquest, 388; feudal partitions of land, ib.; manors and castles, 389; grants of honours, 390; forests, ib.; Norman naines grafted on Saxon names, 391; monks and clergy, 392; vineyards of monastic houses, ib. note; tenacity of Anglo-Saxon names, 393; the name Angle-land, ib. England, her preeminence in geogra– phical research, exii. 308
want of popular poets in,
opposition to a standingarmy after the Revolution, exiv. 307; reforms of the public service, 309; Partition Treaty with France, 311; public opinion averse to late civil war in America, 579
monachism in, before the Conquest, cxvi. 421
mania for Greek architecture in, cxviii. 92; want of a national style of architecture, 93; the government not strictly a monarchy, 139; irresponsibility of the sovereign, ib.; revival of the military spirit during the Volun
teer movement, 168; naval system
of, 180 (see Navy, British); extent
of her maritime population, 181
England. state of, at the Conquest,
cxx. 498; extraordinary progress
of, in modern times, 499; tendency
to non-intervention in foreign dis-
putes, 575
financial prospects in 1864,
cxxi. 223 (see Finance, English);
amount of unpaid State-service
in, 378.
crisis before the first Reform
Act, cxxii. 265 ; alleged growth of
democracy, 266; timeliness of
legislative reforms, ib.; principles
of ponderation and development,
ib. 267; opinions of the Liberal
party, 268; national dislike of
levelling doctrines, 271; interest
of Parliament in Reform, 280;
present prosperity of the country,
285; progress of financial reduc-
tions, 286; inexpensive govern-
ment of, 288
crude theories of her foreign
policy, cxxiv. 275; her steady op-
position to Bonaparte, 277; her
support of treaty stipulations, 279;
neutral attitude in the Austro-
Prussian War, 294; proper limits
to the policy of non-intervention,
ib.; importance of alliance with
France, 295; her neutral policy
misunderstood by foreign nations,
accused of greed of territorial
conquest, cxxvi. 14; instances of
restored possessions, ib.; political
quiet between 1259 and 1400, 45 ;
state of cultivation in the 14th
century, 47; the population, 49;
sketch of land-proprietary and
tenants, 52, 54; simplicity of social
life, 54; dearness of clothing, 55;
enormous consumption of wine, ib.;
pilgrimages to the Pope, 57; pa-
triotism merged in class-sympa-
thies, 58; the famine of 1315-16,
59; the Black Death, 60; conse-
quent rise in wages, 61; and in
money prices of commodities, 62;
physical results of the plague, 63;
changes produced in the tenancy
of land, ib.; condition of labourers,
64 note; insurrection of Tyler, 65;
rise of yeoman ownership, 66
England, contentions before the
Norman Conquest, cxxx. 189;
worthlessness of early traditions,
condition of, in the reign of
Anne, cxxxii. 535, 541; mediation
of, in the war of 1870, 568 (see
Franco-German War); happy in
her insular position, 588; present
maritime supremacy of, 589; im-
munity from invasion, 590; unag-
gressive and enlightened policy of,
591
hereditary monarchy the
bond of Empire, cxxxiii. 11; social
life in, based on mutual depen-
dence, 20; value of the French
alliance, 31
Conservatism of the landed
interest in, cxxxv. 254
State Papers, 1639-41 (Do-
mestic Series), cxxxvii. 182;
burning of heretics, 185, 187; peti-
tions to the King, 190 (see Charles
I.); national character of Dissent
in, 208
'squirearchy' of, in early
times, cxxxviii. 8; modern parallel
in Australia, 9; contemporary
sketches of rustic gentry, 10, 12;
large proportion of people depen-
dent on wages, 95; combination
of commerce and manufacturing
industry, ib.; growth of capital,
ib.; high standard of wages in, 96;
the Proletariat' element, 97; un-
thriftiness of wage-earning classes,
ib.; fields for investment, 98; State
encouragements to saving, 100 (see
Friendly Societies and Saving
Banks); importance of popularis-
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