Faith as a test of Christianity, 473; noble conception of the Christian Church, ib.; disgraceful criticisms of the work, 474 'Ecclesia,' perverted definition of the Scriptural word, cxx. 380, 381 Ecclesiastical Commission, unwise policy of the Act of 1860, cxvii. 372; amount of their augmentation of vicarages, 377 Ecclesiastical Courts, change made at the Reformation, cxxi. 152; jurisdiction of the Privy Council, 153, 154; recent clerical pretensions, 155-158; Act of Henry VIII. for restraining Appeals, 162, 163; functions vested on Convocation therein, ib.; the Court of Delegates, 165; the High Commission Court, 166; creation of Judicial Committee, 170, 171 (see Privy Council); evils of a tribunal wholly clerical or judicial, 180. See Blomfield, Bishop Eckardt (Dr. J.), his works on Russia and the Baltic Provinces, cxxxii. 46

Ecuador, Republic of, Mr. Spruce's mission to, in search of Chinchona seeds, cxviii. 515; tardy prohibitions of the Government, 516 Edda, the older, beauty of its composition, cxiv. 430 Eddas, the two, cxl. 256

Edgar (King, d. 975), his local appropriation of tithes, exvii. 361 Edgeworth (R. L., 1744-1817), his enlightened education of his daughter Maria, cxxvi.

459;

Byron's description of him, ib.; his character, 460; death of his first wife, 461; marries Honora Sneyd, ib; her death, 465; marries her sister Elizabeth, 466; her death, 474; his fourth marriage, ib.; anecdote in the Monthly Review,' 475; his 'Practical Education,' ib., 476; ordered to quit Paris, 480; his death, 484; bitter

article on, in the Quarterly Review, ib.

Edgeworth (Maria, 1767-1849), Memoir of, by Mrs. Edgeworth, edited by her children, cxxvi. 458; interest of her writings, ib.; Scott's testimony to her influence on him, ib.; her intimate sympathies with her father, 459; her descent, 460; her childhood, 461; at school, 464; school-life at Mrs. Davis's, 467; removes to Edgeworthtown, Ireland, 468; translates 'Adèle et Théodore,' 470; her early Tales, 471; her sober and rational view of love, 473; her share in her father's 'Practical Education,' 476; her subsequent works, ib., 477; her visit to Paris, 478; declines M. Edelcrantz's offer of marriage, 479; her 'Popular Tales,' 'Leonora,' etc., 480; history of her 'Patronage,' 482; her friends in London, 483; her father's death, 484; sketches of Paris life, 485; her fashionable life in London, 488; her literary works not very profitable, 490; her rules of education too exacting, 491; her daily habits, ib.; her death, ib.; her literary character, 492; called the anti-sentimental novelist, ib.; criticism of her Patronage, 494; poorness of her comic dramas, 497

protest and reply as to use of her unpublished Memoir,cxxvii. 300 note Edgworth (the Abbé, de Firmont), his Dernières Heures de Louis XVI.,' cxviii. 135; doubts as to its genuineness, 136; cxix. 338 Edinburgh, traditional residence of the French Ambassador in the Cowgate, cxviii. 251

University of, the 'Speculative Society,' cxxv. 60, 61

libraries at, cxxxi. 214
social aspect of, at the be-

ginning of the present century,
cxxxv. 402; Sir J. Stoddart's ac-
count of, 404; transition from
French to English models, ib.;
intellectual celebrities, 405; Tory
politics then dominant, 406
Edinburgh, modern changes in, cxl.263
Edinburgh Review, the, Sir G. C.
Lewis' editorship of, cxviii. 156;
his contributions, 164
Edinburgh Review, the, its first
establishment, exxix. 577; Lord
Brougham's articles in the first
number, 578; early payment of
contributors, ib.; articles by
Jeffrey, Smith, and Horner, ib.

its suggestions of Admiralty
reform (vol. cxiii. 293-297), car-
ried out, cxxxiii. 131, 132

works or lives of contributors
not criticised by, during their life-
time, cxxxv. 344; origin of, 504;
Lord Brougham's account of its
early history, ib., 505

attacks by the two Mills on,
cxxxix. 107; its Whig principles
of aristocracy vindicated, 108
Edmonds (John Worth, American
judge), his book on Spiritualism,
cxxii. 565; his alleged visions,
598; his nervous mental condi-
tion, 601

Education, influence of, in promoting
emigration, cxix. 282

Mr. Lowe's revised code of,
in 1863, cxx. 587

viewed as a stepping stone
to professions, cxxx. 595

popular, in England, cxi.
348; Report of the Committee of
Council, 1858-9, ib.; their calcu-
lation of children requiring educa-
tion, ib.; excessive estimate of the
demand for, 351; distribution of
expenses, ib., question of pupil-
teachers, ib.; readjustment of capi-
tation grants, 352; superfluous
items of expenditure, 353; cost
of separate inspection, ib.; Mr.

Arnold's Report on the British
and Foreign Society, 354; need of
retrenchment, ib.; want of tech-
nical instruction, 355; prospects of
the Royal Commission, ib.; no need
for legislation, ib.

cxiv. 1; the Royal Commis-
sion on, 2; Parliamentary grants
since 1839, 4; number of the un-
taught understated by the Commis-
sioners, 5; their classification of ex-
isting defects, 6; over-interference
of State, 10; benefits of training
colleges for teachers, 12; cost of
pupil-teachers, 14; neglect of pri-
mary education, 17; misuse of
Bible-teaching, 21; popular in-
struction pitched too high, 23;
evils of State patronage, 28; the
capitation grant, ib.; wasteful ad-
ministration of funds, 31; private
liberality of clergy, 33; control of
educational endowments, 34; new
Minute of the Committee remedy-
ing evils above complained of, note
to p. 588
Education, Committee of Council on,
due to accident rather than de-
sign, cxiv. 7; its nominal connex-
ion with the Privy Council, 8; its
bureaucratic character, 9

liberal, in England, essays
on, cxxvii. 131; high authority
of the essayists, 132; predominance
of classics, 133 (see Public
Schools); narrowness of highest
class education, 144; reforms sug-
gested by the essayists, 163

technical and scientific, defec-
tive state of, in England, cxxvii.
433; want of national inventive-
ness, 435; shown in textile fabrics
at the Paris Exhibition of 1867,
436; in machinery, 437; and in
hosiery, 439; evidence of Mr.
James Young as to practical che-
mistry, 440; foreign steel castings
at Bochum, 442; at Terre Noire
and Firminy, 443; technical

schools at Paris, ib.; at Lyons,
447; and at Mulhouse, 448; im-
provements throughout France,
449; resources of French iron and
steel works, 450; the works at
Creuzot, ib.; and Terre Noire,
453; Krupp's steel works at
Essen, ib.; secondary instruction
in France and England, ib. ; in
Germany and Switzerland, 455;
and in Austria, 456; Belgian
models at Paris, 458; want of tui-
tion in England, 459; efforts of
the Science and Art Department,
460; provincial boards of educa-
tion, 461; evidence of Mr. Sales,
462; reports of artisans sent to
Paris, 463; want of, at the Uni-
versities and public schools, ib.
465; the London School of Mines,
466; provincial colleges, 467;
recent Committee on Education
at Manchester, ib.; legislative re-
forms suggested, 468

Education Act (1870), results of,
cxxxix. 213; its effect on parties,
214; reports of School Boards,
ib.; questions suggested thereby,
ib.; advisability of legislation in
1870 discussed, 215; the Union
and the League, ib.; counsels of
inaction, ib.; the old system, 216;
defects therein, ib., 217; convic-
tions expressed in the Act, 218;
its character as a compromise, b.;
Mr. Gladstone's statement of its
object, ib.; Mr. Bright's criticism,
b.; the Cowper-Temple clause,
219; firm attitude of Mr. Forster,
220;
the work to be done, ib.;
present population under School
Boards, 221; the system still de-
fective, ib.; achievements of volun-
tary agency, 222; case of London
and the chief towns, ib., 223;
machinery of the Act, ib.; inevi-
table drawbacks, 224; the Boards
have worked well on the whole,
225; expense of their work, 226;

the rate, ib.; effects of the new
system on the old, ib.; the two not
incompatible, 227; position of
voluntary schools, 288; duty of
the Church of England, 229;
increase of Church schools, ib.;
attacks on the 25th clause, 230;
prospects of agreement thereon,
231; question of parental scruples,
ib.; attitude of School Boards to
the voluntary schools, 232; duty
of impartiality, ib., 233; charges
of unfairness against the London
Board, ib.; Lord Salisbury's attack
thereon, 236; the issue one of
principle, 237; question of school-
accommodation, ib.; calculations
of the Statistical Committee, 238;
working of compulsory powers,
239; Mr. Forster's anticipations
realised, ib.; inability of the
really poor to dispense with their
children's earnings, 241; general
effects of, on Education, 242; the
religious element, 243; the Con-
science Clause, ib.; evils which
secularism would bring, 245; the
Act has proved its necessity, 246
Edward the Confessor (d. 1066),
anonymous Life of, edited by Mr.
Luard, cxxi. 11, 12

Edward I. (1272-1307), his reign a
boundary-mark in English his-
tory, cxii. 151; his attempt to
subjugate Scotland, 503

his progress in Scotland in
1296, cxx. 322; list of Scottish
barons who swore fealty to him, 327

his claims of sovereignty
over Scotland, cxxvi. 243; his Or-
dinance for the Government of
Scotland, 250

his siege of Carlaverock, cxl.
322; his policy respecting Convo-
cation, 431

Edward III. (1312-1377), portrait
of, formerly in St. Stephen's
Chapel, cxxiv. 350

Life and Times of, by Mr.

Longman, cxxix. 534; difficulties
of, at his accession, 537; incident
in his campaign of 1327 paral-
leled, ib.; his discountenance of
Balliol, 539; his triumphs in
France, ib.; claims to the French
throne, 540; causes of the war
with Philip, 541; his prepara-
tions, 543; his naval victory off
Sluys, 544; Crecy and Poitiers,
545; story of St. Pierre, 546;
folly of his French invasion, 547 ;
increased power of Parliament,
548; his claims to commercial re-
form, ib.; his unsuccessful attempts
to check the rise of wages, 551;
sumptuary legislation, ib; aboli-
tion of Peter's Pence, 552; Mr.
Longman's estimate of his cha-
racter, 554

Edward IV. (1441-1483), division
of parties after his death, cxv.
304; anecdote of, 310

204

ceremony at his funeral, cxxi.

- portrait of, at Windsor Castle,
cxxiv. 350; supposed to be genuine,
ib.

Edward VI. (1537-1553), his reign

a period of transition, cxix. 244;
debasement of the currency, 245;
disturbances mainly social, 246;
and not due to Protestantism,
247; his government compara-
tively humane and liberal, 252;
unsettlement of the succession at
his death, ib.

Holbein's portrait of, cxxv.
436; picture of, wrongly ascribed
to Holbein, 438

legislation respecting Convo-
cation, cxl. 436
Edward (Prince, Duke of Kent,
1767-1820), his marriage and
death, cxxxvi. 383
Edward (Rev. R.), his Latin ac-
count of Angus, cxx. 310; on the
effect of the Reformation at Dun-

dee, 328; on Highland raids in
Angus, 332

Edwards (Mr. E.), his 'Memoirs of
Libraries,' cxxxix. 1, 2

Edwards (H. S.), his Life of Rossini,
cxxxiii. 33 (see Rossini); his work
of little value, 34
Edwards (Mr. W.), magistrate of
Budaonin Rohilcund during the
Mutiny, cxxiv. 323; his allega-
tion of native grievances not sub-
stantiated, ib., 324

Egbert (King of Wessex, d. 836),
his claims of sovereignty, cxxx.
205

Églé, her imprisonment and execu-
tion, cxxv. 315

Egra, capture of, by Marshal Saxe,
cxx. 525

Egypt, conquest of, by the Shep-
herd Kings,' cxi. 54

anchoritism in, cxiv. 328
meagre prospects of cotton
cultivation in, cxv. 480

Chevalier Bunsen on the
early history of, cxvi. 82; recent
sources of historical knowledge,
85; ancient astronomy in, 97; pe-
riods of dynasties in, 100; inter-
pretation of hieroglyphics, 103

article on, in the Dictionary
of the Bible, cxxi. 65

-

ignorance of, early in the
present century, cxxii. 217; recent
tourist travel in, ib.; historical
sketch of, 218; rule of Mohammed
Ali, 220; present debasement of
the people, 221; their good quali-
ties, ib.; forced labour, 222; the
Mahmoodeeyeh Canal, 223; native
revolts, ib.-225; want of European
sympathy with the people, 227

French expedition to, cxxvi.
321; objects of the invasion stated
by the Directory, 322; cruel cha-
racter of the occupation, 324

Convention with Turkey in
1840, cxxxiii. 334

Egypt (ancient), canons of sculptu-
ral proportion in, cxl. 188, 189
Einsiedeln, visit of a pilgrim from,
to Rome, cxviii. 359; his anony-
mous description of the city, ib.-
363. See Rome, Mediaval

Abbey of, night attack on, in
1314, cxxix. 141, 142
Elam (Dr.), his credulity as to here-
ditary influences in A Physician's
Problems,' cxxxii. 105, 109; on
the isolation of genius, 123
Elands, acclimatisation of, in Eng-
land, cxi. 167; good quality of
their venison, 169
Elbruz (Mount), ascent of, by Mr.
Freshfield, cxxx. 350; previous
failures, 351 and note
Elcho (Lord, the present), his atti-
tude in 1865 on electoral reform,
cxxiii. 284; his proposal of a com-
mission of inquiry thereon, 294

his letters on military or-
ganisation reprinted from the
'Times,' cxxxiii. 207; his broad
principles of defensive policy, 228
Eldon (John Scott, Earl of, 1751-

1838), Landor's lines on, cxxx. 235
Eleanor of Guienne (Queen of Henry

II.), legends of, cxxx. 567
Election, the, of 1868-Conservative
calculations defeated, cxxix. 269;
majority for Mr. Gladstone, 270;
causes of Mr. Disraeli's overthrow,
ib.; Conservatism in the manufac-
turing districts, ib.; the Irish and
working-class elements, 271; can-
didates of extreme opinions re-
jected, 289

of 1874-causes of the fall
of Mr. Gladstone's administration,
cxxxix. 546, 560; absence of Tory
pledges or policy, 566
Electoral statistics, cxxiii. 588. See
Franchise

Electoral system, want of increased

publicity, cxxxi. 564; failure of
legislation to repress political im-
morality, 566

problems in, awaiting solu-
tion, exxxiii. 163; elementary
ignorance of its nature, ib.; is it
a material agent? ib.; questions
raised by its universality, 164;
theory of its connexion with gra-
vitation, ib.; hypothesis of an Ether
of Space, ib.

Electricity, valuable aid of, in medi-
cal science, cxxxvi. 510
Electric lights, applied to light-
houses, cxv. 180

Electric telegraphs, influence of
earth-currents, exiii. 115; requi-
sites of ocean cables, 116; the
rate of signalling, 117; gutta
percha as an insulating covering,
119; defects caused by air-bub-
bles, ib.; process of paying out
marine cables, 123; the first wire
between England and France, 124;
the Black Sea telegraph, 126; the
first Atlantic telegraph, 127–132;
causes of its failure, 133; Govern-
ment guarantees to companies,
134-142; causes of injury in shal-
low water, 135; the Channel Is-
lands line, ib.; the Red Sea and
India telegraph, 137; the commit-
tee on deep-sea telegraphy, 139

rapid spread of, in India,

cxvii. 21

services of, in the Indian
Mutiny, cxix. 134

marvels of the discovery,
cxx. 488, 489

recent purchase of, by Go-
vernment, cxxix. 154; achieve-
ments of private companies, ib.;
their conflict with public interests,
155; the principle of State pur-
chase approved, ib.; extravagant
cost of transfer provided by the
recent Act, ib.; agitation for re-
duced charges, ib.; State inter-
vention abroad, 156; Mr. Scuda-