of English rule in India, while English right to rule there is shown to be nothing more nor better than the old Roman right of conquest justifying itself by its beneficence. In the admirable chapter on "Christian Missions in India" we are treated to no foregone conclusion. Both sides of the question are fairly presented, and the balance is soberly struck between the two. The notice of Burmah is very brief, but amends are made by referring us to the best book on the subject, a portly volume of 900 pages by Mr. Mason, an American missionary there. The chapter on Java is one of the freshest and best of the twenty-five. We shall never be quite happy, any of us who read this chapter, till we have seen the wonderful island with our own eyes. The panorama fitly concludes with China and Japan. These two peoples, like their Occidental parallels, the English and French, are best understood by being compared and contrasted. And so, by way of the Pacific, our author gets round home again. His opportunities abroad were exceptionally good, and were diligently improved. But the before and the after were not neglected. He went prepared to see and hear, and returned to work up patiently the materials he had gathered. He gives us a book conspicuous for its polished diction, its easy flow of narrative, its judicial fairness and common-sense, and, above all, for its gentle charity. It was well worth the toil and trouble of the long journey that the author is able at last to testify that in all his wanderings he has "met with no rudeness in word or act from Turks or Arabs, Hindoos or Malays, Chinese or Japanese." 9.-Money. By FRANCIS A. WALKER, Professor of Political Economy in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College, and Lect- ́ urer in Political Economy in the Johns Hopkins University; author of "The Statistical Atlas of the United States," "The Wages Question," etc. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1878. 8vo, pp. 550.

EVERY professor of political economy seems to regard it as incumbent upon him to put forth a new book on some branch of that complex science, whether he has anything new to present or not. If he has prepared a series of lectures for the students of a university, wherein he has poured into new bottles the old mixtures of a hundred doctors, he is not content until it has been published in a bulky volume, to encumber an overloaded market. The only justification that any man could plead at this time for giving us a new book on finance is, that he presents clearly, concisely, and in a tell

ing way, the settled principles of the subject and those arguments which are calculated to carry them to the understanding of the reader. That is precisely what Prof. Walker has not done in the volume before us. He has given us in more than five hundred octavo pages a perfect jungle of undigested materials, amid which his own conclusions are so lost that it is difficult to extract them. He quotes from almost every author who has written on the subject, giving opinions on both sides of every question that has ever been controverted, until the reader is puzzled to know what he proposes to have taken as the sound view. He also repeats a vast deal of historical information about the use of the precious metals and the monetary systems of all time, which has been given so many times that it is wearisome. But, amid all the redundancy, repetition, and irrelevancy, when one gets down to his actual position on certain essential points, he finds it to be erroneous and misleading. He has taken a violent antipathy to the word "currency," and consequently insists on using "money" as a term properly applicable to pretty much everything used in effecting exchanges. As a consequence, he is very confused in his definition of money and of its functions. Having once admitted that full intrinsic value for all it pretends to measure is not essential to money, he leaves the way open for all manner of vague and false notions. On that admission rests the fallacy that prices depend directly on the volume of currency, that a bi-metallic standard is practicable, that inconvertible paper may serve as an accurate denominator of values, and that bank-notes are money by which final payment is made. The pestilent notion that authority can take the place of value vitiates his reasoning from the beginning to the end of the volume. Nevertheless, he furnishes to any one who can properly sift and digest his material the means of getting at tolerably correct conclusions, in spite of the author; but this is a task that ought not to be left to the reader's study. The information is so ample, and the arguments on all sides so numerous, that careful study would enable one to make his way to sound conclusions even where the professor himself has missed them. But on the whole we cannot see that such a book was needed or called for, and we are very much afraid that it will not contribute to the enlightenment of the popular mind, though dealing with a subject on which it is greatly in need of careful and judicious education. This only shows that a man may be a great statistician, a skillful compiler, and a capable superintendent of census-taking, without being competent to deal with scientific principles.

10.-The Epoch of the Mammoth, and the Apparition of Man upon the Earth. With Illustrations. By JAMES C. SOUTHALL. Philadelphia: J. P. Lippincott & Co. 1878. 12mo, pp. xv.

451.

THIS vigorous and readable book bears upon the vital question as to the origin of man-whether he was evolved through untold ages from the lowest forms of being, or he was created by the Supreme Mind. The author contends earnestly for his comparatively recent origin, from 6,000 to 10,000 years ago. He aims to give in a compact form whatever the students of geology and archæology have brought to light with regard to man's antiquity. He regards Darwinism as wholly visionary in its affirmation of the descent of man from inferior animals. He finds proof of civilization before savage life, and does not see any evidence that the human skeletons in caves among the bones of wild beasts were of an older race than those of the men who built the pyramids. He sets aside the common idea of a Stone age before bronze and iron, and declares-not without show of proof-that stone weapons and utensils have always been used, and are now, and they may have been at first used mainly by certain stragglers from civilization who had lost the use of the superior metals. He insists much upon the importance of the legends and symbols that illustrate the common origin of man, such as the tradition of the flood and the form of the cross. He finds indications of recent customs of burial and kinds of weapons and pottery among the human remains of the deep bonecaves, and he makes light of the alleged antiquity of the Glacial period, the close of which-in Denmark and Scotland-he fixes somewhere within 2,000 years before Christ. Then the men of the Mammoth and Reindeer epoch in Belgium had gone as far north as the rigor of the Ice age would allow; and, as soon as the ice sheets and bergs were gone, they moved into Denmark, he believes. The mound-builders of America are represented as having lived not more than 1,400 years ago, and he thinks it as foolish to date the age of a deposit under geological strata from the time required to form those strata as to reckon the age of a frog found at the bottom of a well by tracing the ages of the layers of mineral, earth, or stone, on the sides of the wall from the top to the bottom.

The book has not much to say about the mammoth, and uses this huge beast as the mark of a disputed age; but the author is well read, and smart enough to give a fresh start to the evolutionists

whom he so opposes, and who may call his work a theological tract rather than a scientific treatise.

11.-A French Heiress in her Own Chateau. By the author of

"One Only," "Constantia," etc. 1878. 12mo, pp. 266.

London Sampson Low.

: :

THIS story is an opportunity missed. Its motif is by no means commonplace, at least for English readers; it is English love-making in a modern French château, where a noble family of Anjou receive a long visit from their English cousins. One of these, Frank, the quite unheroic hero of the story, improves the opportunity to fall in love with Marie, the already affianced heiress of the house. He wins her consent to a proposed elopement, and to an "English marriage," but he manages the affair so awkwardly as merely to postpone her prearranged fate, a mariage de convenance; which, after all, turns out to be a happy one. This is not, however, a novel with a purpose. It is an effort to draw some features of home-life in France, the life which is accessible to but few foreigners; and of this, the author-clearly a woman, we should say, though not a very delicate observer-has seen something. But she is quite incapable of perceiving the finer traits of the French character: when, for instance, she makes the De Valmonts, on losing their money, give their daughter Cécile in marriage to a cousin John, whose suit they had refused when they were rich, we feel that our author has no real knowledge, or capacity for knowledge, of the sentiments of the noblesse to whom she would introduce us; we could, on the contrary, think that the story was written in the land of the dollar, and by one of its most ardent devotees. The story gives some touches of French character and manners. But the inconsistency and the uncertain eye and hand which have delineated them, render the book, as really illustrative of French life, a failure; though as a story it has sufficient interest. A similar remark is to be made of the clever pre-Raphaelite woodcuts which adorn the book. They are ornamental, but they are not illustrations. Being completely English in character, they would have gone well in a novel of English life. But they are ingeniously and consistently unlike anything that is to be seen in the France of to-day.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Ariadne. From

D. Appleton & Co.

the French of HENRY GREVILLE. New York: 16mo, pp. 229.

Goethe. By A. HAYWARD. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 12mo, pp. 222.

The Code of Honor: Its Rationale and Uses, by the Tests of Common-Sense and Good Morals, with the Effects of its Preventive Remedies. Charleston: Parry, Cook & Co. 8vo, pp. 44.

Monetary and Industrial Fallacies: A Dialogue. Boston: Houghton, Osgood & Co. 8vo, pp. 248.

The Political Economy of Great Britain, the United States, and France, in the Use of Money: A New Science of Production and Exchange. By J. B. HOWE. Boston Houghton, Osgood & Co. 8vo, pp. 592.

The Ring of Amethyst. By New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

ALICE WELLINGTON ROLLINS. 16mo, pp. 108.

On the Theory of Logic: An Essay. By CARVETH READ. London: C. Kegan Paul & Co. 12mo, pp. 258.

The Parousia: A Critical Inquiry into the New Testament Doctrine of Our Lord's Second Coming. London: Daldy, Isbister & Co. 8vo, pp. 561.

The Devil Demonstrated. By a PHYSIOLOGIST. 172 St. John Street, London, E. C. 16mo, pp. 32.

The Bird of Passage: A Story. By J. SHERIDAN LE FANU. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 24mo, pp. 178.

The Essays of Elia. By CHARLES LAMB. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 24mo, pp. 238.

Old Martin Boscawen's Jest. By MARIAN EMILY READ. New York: D. Appleton & Co.

C. L. REEVES and

8vo, pp. 98.

New

The Law of Population: Its Consequences and its Bearing upon Human Conduct and Morals. By ANNIE BESANT. York: Asa K. Butts. 16mo, pp. 47.

Terrestrial Time: A Memoir. By SANFORD FLEMING, E. M. G. 12mo, pp. 32.

Shooting-Stars, as observed from the Sixth Column of the Times. By W. L. ALDEN. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

16mo, pp. 224.

VOL. CXXVII.-NO. 264.

24