the average degree of pauperism in the prosperous period of the first quarter of 1861, by showing the numbers weekly relieved in every 1,000 of the population; the second column contains the actual mean of the numbers so relieved; the third column shows the highest numbers returned as receiving relief during the cotton famine; and the fourth column the number on the 12th of September, 1863.

WEEK, DEC., 1862.

1863.

No. of paupers.

Degree of No. of

No. of

pauper'm. paupers.

paupers.

11,504

8,957

Ashton-under Lyne..

18

1,758

85,080

19,598

Oldham

7,441 4,273

Chorlton...

19,385

10,708

Finances of Great Britain. The revenue actually collected in the United Kingdom in the year ending June 30, 1863, was £70,683,860-$342,109,887.24 in gold. The expenditure for the same time was £69,802,008-$335,421,718.72. The corrected estimates of the Chancellor of the Exchequer for the year ending March 31, 1864, were, Revenue £68,171,000; Expenditure, £67,705,000-$327,692,200. Of the revenue collected in the year ending June 30, 1863, £24,100,000 was received from Customs; £16,674,000 from Excise; £9,135,000 from Stamps; £3,183,000 from other taxes; £10,713,000 from the Property and Income tax; £3,750,000 from the Post Office; £300,500 from Crown Lands; Miscellaneous, £2,828,361. The interest on the public debt for the year 1863-'4 was £26,400,000 $127,776,000. The debt itself on the 31st of March, 1863, was £799,802,139 $3,871,042,352.76.

Army. For the year 1863-4, the regular army of Great Britain consists of a general staff of 104 officers, 137,769 officers and men in the regiments in active service; 9,349 officers and men in the depots of Indian regiments; 697 officers and men in the recruiting and other establishments, and 323 officers and men in the training schools, making a total of 148,244 officers and men comprising the regular army. In addition to these, the British forces in India consist of 3,474 officers, 5,480 non-commissioned officers, 63,722 rank and file; in all 72,676 officers and men. There is also a force of disembodied militia, consisting of 29,730 officers and men who have 35 days drill and training, and 128,968 who have 21 days' training; and 162,681 officers and men of the volunteer force. There are therefore 220,918 officers and men in the regular and Indian armies, and 321,380 militia and volun

=

Navy.-The navy of Great Britain in January, 1863, including vessels under construction, consisted of 1,014 vessels of all sorts, but of these on the 20th of March, 1863, only 669, including the vessels in process of construction, wero effective. Of these 28, viz., six second rates, screw steamers, carrying from 30 to 40 guns; four iron and six wood third rates, carrying from 16 to 35 guns, three small turretted vessels, carrying from 5 to 8 guns each, two sloops, and three iron and four wood floating batteries, were armor plated; 59 were steamships of the line, of which 3 were building; 44 were screw and 15 paddle frigates; 9 were screw block ships; 26 were screw corvettes; 37 screw, and 28 paddle sloops of war, 166 screw gunboats (of which, however, the larger number have since proved worthless); 54 screw gun vessels, 4 screw, and 73 sailing mortar ships and vessels, and the remainder despatch vessels, troop and store ships, yachts, tenders, tugs, &c. Twenty-nine steam vessels not armor plated even in course of construction were ordered suspended. On the 1st of July, 1863, there were only 355 steamships and 36 sailing vessels afloat in the navy, aside from the coast-guard vessels (revenue service), and of these, 35 steamers and 7 sailing vessels were without guns. The number of officers, men, and boys in the British Navy is 48,000 (9,000 boys); in the coast guard service, 10,000, and the Royal Marine Force, 18,000.

Commerce and Navigation.-The latest returns of imports and exports are to January 1st, 1853. The imports of the year 1862 were in value £226,592,720 $1,096,808,764.80; The exports except bullion were £167,189,398, = $809,196,686.32, and the amount of bullion exported was £29,326,191 = $141,938,766.44. The total amount of cotton imported into Great Britain in 1862 was 523,973,296 lbs., against 1,390,938,752 lbs. imported in 1860. the amount exported was 214,714,528, against 250,339,040 lbs. in 1860, leaving for home consumption 309,258,768 lbs., or about of the amount in 1860.

Education. The number of primary schools inspected in Great Britain in 1862 was 8,014; there were present in them 1,057,426 children, who were taught by 9,115 certificated teach

ers and 15,752 apprentices. The inspectors also visited 39 training colleges for teachers (normal schools, we should call them) and found in them 2631 students, 2,779 having passed successfully in the course of the year. They also report 442 schools for pauper children containing 33,835 inmates, and 58 ragged and industrial schools containing 2,818 inmates. The amount voted for public education in Great Britain is £804,002, equal to nearly $4,000,000; for public education in Ireland £306,016, equal to about $1,500,000. Besides these sums about £35,000 or nearly $170,000 is granted to certain universities in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Aside from the public school provision thus made, there is a very large number of endowed schools and colleges in England, and a moderate number in Scotland and Ireland, accessible under certain circumstances to those desiring an education.

North American Colonies of Great Britain. Under this head aro comprised Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Prince Edward's Island, Vancouver's Island, British Columbia, and Bermuda.

CANADA, the most important of these, has an area of about 350,000 square miles, and a population in 1861 of 2,500,755. Its capital is for the present Quebec, but will be removed to Ottawa when the Government buildings there are completed. The Governor General, who is also Governor General, Captain General, and Commander-in-Chief of all the British Provinces of North America, is the Right Hon. Charles Stanley, Viscount Monck. The Executive Council or Cabinet consists of 13 persons, and is chosen by the Governor General from the majority in the Provincial Parliament, and they are responsible for the Government. The Provincial Parliament has two Houses; the Legislative Council of 70 members, 48 of whom are chosen by qualified electors for a term of years and 22 are appointed for life; and the Legislative Assembly, composed of 130 members, chosen from districts by the qualified electors. Finances. The receipts into the Provincial treasury from all sources in 1862 were $10,629,204, and the expenditures $11,395,923. Of this latter sum, $3,774,315 was for interest on the Public Debt; $533,570 for Education; $486,621 for the Civil Government; $433,048 for the Legislature; $820,300 for Judicial purposes, and $307,687 for Hospitals and other charities.

Commerce and Navigation.-The imports for the year 1862 were $48,600,633, of which $25,173,157 was from the United States, $21,179,312 from Great Britain, $574,320 from other British Colonies, and $1,673,844 from other countries. The exports for the same year were, $31,679,045, of which $15,063,730 was sent to the United States, $15,224,417 to Great Britain, $840,646 to other British Colonies, and $550,252 to other countries.

The value of goods of the growth and product of the United States, imported into Can

ada under the reciprocity treaty, in 1862, was $14,430,626, an advance of about four and a half millions of dollars on the previous year, and of nearly six millions on any year before. The total number of vessels passing through the Canadian canals in 1862, was 32,842, and their tonnage 3,582,396 tons. The amount of tolls paid by them was $58,603.86; of these, 27,757 vessels, having a tonnage of 2,536,586, belonged in Canada, and 5,085, with a tonnage of 1,045,810, were from the United States. The gross revenue of the canals from all sources was $527,606.88, and the expenditure, $482,813.53.

Education.-In Canada East there were, in 1862, 3,501 schools, with 188,635 pupils, maintained at a cost of $542,728, and 200 pupils in the normal schools. In Canada West, the same year, there were 4,554 schools of all kinds, with 357,572 pupils, and the expenditure for educational purposes during the year was $1,535,289, of which $1,231,913 was for common schools.

NEW BRUNSWICK has an area of 27,037 square miles; a population of 252,047 inhabitants. Its seat of Government is Fredericton. The chief officer of the colony is called lieut.governor and commander-in-chief. Hon. Arthur Hamilton Gordon, C. M. G., is now lieut.governor. The Provincial Legislature consists of a legislative council of 21 members, appointed for life by the crown, and a house of assembly of 41 members, chosen by qualified electors for five years.

Finances.-Receipts, 1862, $668,197; expenditures, $675,189. Of the expenditures, $116,275 were for education, $191,534 for interest on the public debt, and $124,290 for public works. The debt of the province is $5,788,166.

Commerce and Navigation.-Exports, 1862, $3,856,538; imports, $6,199,701, of which $2,960,703 were from the United States. Of the exports, $889,416 were to the United States. The number of vessels belonging to the province in 1862, was 814, measuring 157,718 tons.

Education.-Whole number of children of school age, 64,000; number in attendance, 29,500; number of teachers, 810; provincial expenditure for schools, $94,437; local contributions, $106,524; total expenditure, $200,961. NEWFOUNDLAND.-Area, 35,850 square miles; population, 122,638; capital, St. John's; gov ernor, Sir Alexander Bannerman, Kt.; legisla ture, two houses: legislative council of not over 15 members, appointed by the crown, to hold office during her majesty's pleasure; the house of assembly, 30 members, elected for 4 years. Revenue for the year, about $452,000; expenditure about $552,000. Exports in 1862, $4,684,000; imports, $4,028,000. Number of vessels owned in the province, 1,386, measuring 87,030 tons. Education, sectarian only. Whole number of schools, 242; scholars, 13,444; average attendance, 8,357.

NOVA SCOTIA.-Area, 17,279 square miles; population, 330,857. Exports in 1862, $5,646,461; imports, 8,445,042. Number of vessels, 3,408, measuring 277,718 tons.

The following table gives an exhibit of Greek commerce in 1860 (value in drachmas):

Countries.

Great Britain.

Egypt..

America

Austria..

Importation. Exportation.

14,282,602

190

18,161,880 88.862

269.710 8,770,171 7,150 1,873,078 1,496,268 9,324 1,017,888

1,624,226

564,888

8,252,419

Spain....

Italy..

1,718,346

Netherlands...

746,819

The National Assembly, on February 3d, 1863, confirmed the decree of October 22d, 1862, by which the Greek throne had been declared to be forfeited by King Otho and his family. Another decree declared that Prince Alfred, of Great Britain, had been elected king of Greece by 230,016 out of 241,202 voters, and consequently proclaimed him constitutional king of Greece, elected by the sovereign will of the Greek people.

On February 20th, Admiral Canaris resigned his functions as member of the Provisional Government. The two other members of this Government then formed a new ministry, which was confirmed by the National Assembly. But on February 21st, a military revolt under the command of Lieutenant Canaris broke out against Bulgaris, Roufos, and their ministry, who consequently offered to the National Assembly their resignation, which was accepted. The National Assembly took possession of the executive power, and on July 23d, conferred it upon a minister without portfolio, Balbis, assisted by seven ministers.

As Prince Alfred, as well as King Ferdinand, of Portugal, and the Duke of Saxe-Coburg declined the acceptance of the throne, the National Assembly, on March 30th, proclaimed Prince William, of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, son of Prince Christian (at present King Christian IX. of Denmark), king of Greece, under the name of King George I. On April 8th, the National Assembly, having dismissed the ministry of February 23d, appointed a new ministry, under the presidency of Diomedes Kyriaku. This ministry was again relieved, on May 12th, by another under the presidency of Roufos.

On April 12th, the Bavarian Government instructed all the foreign ministers to protest against any act prejudicial to the claims of the Bavarian dynasty to the Greek throne. On April 22d, Prince Christian of Denmark announced that, the obstacles being removed, he accepted definitively the crown of Greece for his son. The representatives of the three great Powers, under whose protection the kingdom of Greece was placed at its organizationEngland, France, and Russia-held a conference at London, and on May 27th signed a protocol

Gentlemen,-Obedient to the dictates of my heart, I wished to accompany, by the personal testimony of my sentiments, the message by which the King of Denmark accepts for me the crown which the Hellenic nation calls me to wear. I shall proceed to my new country with transport, in order to prove to you that from the present moment I know no other duty than to live and die as a good Greek, for the happiness and independence of the nation; and I am convinced, gentlemen, that, with your aid, by the friendship of the Powers, and above all by the assistance of God, the interests of the country, henceforth my own, will prosper to its advantage. I am happy and proud, gentlemen, to be able to salute you by the voice of those good and noble patriots who, named by your confidence, have come here, far from their country, to salute me as your King. They will tell you that they have found me full of sympathy for my new country; and that I ardently desire to be able soon to find myself in the midst of you. Accept me, gentlemen, with the same confidence that actuates my heart for you, and teach me to labor with you for the happiness of my fine GEORGE I. country, which may God protect.

The National Assembly replied to this letter as follows:

Sire, It was with joy and enthusiasm that the National Assembly read your Majesty's letter which accompanied the solemn act of the acceptation of the Crown, and heard the explanations of the deputation concerning your Majesty's affection for your new country, and the noble assistance of the King of Denmark, as well as of your august father, in accomplishing the common desire of the nation. The sentiments so roy

ally expressed by your Majesty are those which the nation expected from its King when it unanimously offered to him the crown of Greece. The annexation of the Ionian Islands is the best augury of the grandeur of our country. While eagerly awaiting your Masecurity and order, the Assembly, confident in the virjesty's early arrival, which offers every guarantee of tues with which your Majesty is endowed, declares you from this moment to have obtained your majority. Your Majesty will find on the part of the Greek nation an enthusiastic reception, that fidelity, affection, and support which render populations happy and thrones glorious. The Assembly, convinced that the nation and the King will forever bless the day of the 30th of March, addresses its prayers to the Most High that he may render your throne powerful, and your Majesty's name glorious,

On September 12th King George signed, at Copenhagen, the agreement relating to the succession to the Danish throne. By this document King George renounces his right of succession in favor of his younger brother and his heirs. King George himself and his own line then become last in order of succession to the Danish crown.

At the beginning of August King George, accompanied by Count Sponnerk as his chief

adviser, left Copenhagen for Greece, where he arrived on the 30th of October. Immediately upon his arrival at Athens he issued the following proclamation:

Hellenes,-On ascending the throne to which I have been called by your suffrages, I feel a desire to say a few words to you. I bring to you neither experience nor wisdom, qualities which you cannot expect at my age; but I come to you with confidence and sincere devotion, as also with a firm belief in the prosperity of our future, to which I promise to devote my whole life. I shall respect and conscientiously observe your laws, and especially the Constitution, that keystone of the Greek edifice. I shall also endeavor to love and respect your customs and language, every thing that is dear to you, as I love you already. I shall collect around me the best and the wisest men among you, without any regard to past differences. Assisted by their intelligence, I shall endeavor to foster the numerous and happy germs of the material re sources of your noble country, which henceforth is mine. My ambition is to make Greece the model State of the East. The Almighty will give strength to my weakness and enlighten my efforts. He will aid me not to for: get the obligations which I have contracted toward you. Whereon I pray God to have you in his safe keeping.

ATHENS, Oct. 30th.

GEORGE.

On the following day, October 31st, the king went to the National Assembly to take the oath of fidelity to the Constitution. On November 6th, at the request of the king, M. Bulgaris formed a new ministry.

In the early part of the year, while the negotiations with the Royal Family of Denmark respecting the Greek throne were still progressing, the country was repeatedly agitated by military revolts. On the 3d of July the French, English, and Russian Legations at Athens, addressed "identical" notes to the National Assembly, declaring that they would quit Athens if it did not reëstablish order in the

country. The National Assembly replied to this collective note, on July 22d, thanking the foreign ambassadors for the service they had rendered to the cause of order, and announcing that steps had been taken for ameliorating the situation. These disturbances mostly ceased upon the arrival of King George, although a considerable excitement continued from time to time to manifest itself.

On December 24th, 1862, the extraordinary English plenipotentiary, Henry George Elliott, presented to the Provisional Greek Government at Athens a memorandum, according to which the English Government declared itself disposed, under certain conditions, to cede the Ionian Islands to Greece. The Danish Court, in accepting the throne of Greece for Prince William, made it in the protocol of the 5th of June, a distinct condition that the Ionian Islands should be effectively united with Greece. The views of England were fully set forth in the speech which the Lord High Commissioner of the islands made to the Legislative Assembly on the 3d of October. He first called upon the Assembly, which had been specially elected for the purpose of deciding the annexation question, to make known the wishes of the people. In case their answer should be

in favor of annexation, he stated that certain detailed arrangements were necessary for the completion of this measure. On this subject he expressed himself as follows:

1. It will be necessary that you should pass a resolution in the usual constitutional form, by which, after the cessation of the British protectorate, and until the establishment of the new Constitution, his Majesty the King of the Hellenes shall be enabled to exercise in these States all rights of sovereignty, including those privileges and functions heretofore exercised by the protecting sovereign, the Lord High Commissioner, and the most illustrious the Senate. 2. 1 shall propose to you, in the name of her Majesty, that, on the cessation of the payment of the sums heretofore reserved as the contribution for military protection, and as the civil list of the Lord High Commissioner, there shall be reserved, as the first charge on the Ionian revenue, the sum of £10,000 yearly in augmentation of the civil list of his Majesty King George. 3. I shall call upon you to recognize all contracts and engagements entered into by or on behalf of the Ionian Government up to this time, and all equitable claims on the same. 4. I shall also invite you to make provision for the preservation and safeguard of the Britishcemeteries in this and the other island. 5. I shall have to inform you of the terms on which her Majesty's Government is prepared to come to a settlement of the debt of £9,029 58. 7d., due to Great Britain for arrears of military contribution. Should your vote be in favor of the cessation Greece, it will be necessary that her Majesty the Queen of the protectorate, and of the proposed union with should invite the powers, parties to the treaties of November, 1855, to revise that treaty, and, in conjunction with France, one of the protecting Powers of Greece, welfare of these States and the permanent interests of to make such arrangements as may tend to the future Europe.

On the 5th of October the Ionian Parliament

passed a vote in favor of annexation to Greece. The conditions on which England made the surrender of her authority contingent were not received favorably by the Parliament which, on the 18th of October, 1863, resolved, by a vote of 33 to 3, that the protectorate of England over the islands should cease immediately; that the Senate should be dissolved, and the islands forthwith annexed to Greece. They demanded that the fortresses should be handed over to King George in their present condition, and not razed, as they supposed the intention of the English Government to be. On the 14th of November a treaty was concluded between Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, by which the following stipulations with regard to the islands were made:

Britain and Ireland renounces the protectorate conART. 1 The Queen of the United Kingdom of Great ferred on England by the treaty of 15th November, 1815.

ART. 2. The Ionian Islands are placed in a condition of perpetual neutrality.

ART. 3. The fortifications of Corfu will be demolished preliminary to the evacuation by the English troops.

ART. 4. The commercial stipulations resulting from maintained, notwithstanding the union of the Ionian the treaties concluded by the protecting Powers are Islands with Greece.

ART. 5. Religious Liberty is maintained in the Ionian Islands, and the subjects of those islands, to whatever communion they belong, will be eligible for all public offices, the same as in the kingdom of Greece.

ART. 6. A special treaty will be concluded between