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9. Period of the Revolution
10. Burgoyne's Expedition; Washington's movement against York-

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Middle Colonies (colored)

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25. Relief Map of the United States

26. Territorial Growth (colored)

27. The United States at the Present Time (colored)

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

1. Medallion of Washington and Lincoln.

2. Advertisement of the "Flying Machine'

3. The Pennsylvania "Gazette" on the Stamp Act 4. Fanklin's Letter to Strahan

5. Signatures to the Declaration of Independence.

6. Signatures to the Treaty of Peace of 1783

7. Key's "The Star Spangled Banner"

8. Morse's Letter respecting the First Telegram

9. Letter of John Brown.

10. Secession Bulletin.

II. Letter of Secretary Dix on the Flag.

12. Grant's "Unconditional Surrender" Despatch

13. Lincoln's Proclamation of Emancipation

14. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

15. Admiral Farragut's Letter from Mobile

16. Lee's Letter of Surrender .

Frontispiece

FACING PAGE

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THE

STUDENT'S AMERICAN

HISTORY.

For Authorities for this Chapter, see Appendix, page xxiv. The small figures in the text refer to Authorities cited on page xxx of the Appendix.

I.

THE DISCOVERY AND NAMING OF AMERICA.

(1000-1515.)

THE NORTHMEN.

COLUMBUS. - CABOT. AMERICUS VESPUCIUS.

Be

1. The discovery of America by the Northmen; "Vinland the Good.” The Scandinavians, or Northmen, were the most skillful and daring sailors of the middle ages. For them the Atlantic-"the Sea of Darkness" had no terrors. fore the mariner's compass had come into use in Europe they made distant voyages in vessels often not so large as modern pleasure yachts. Their only guides on those perilous expeditions were the sun, the stars, and the flight of birds.

In the ninth century (875) the Northmen planted a colony in Iceland. Their sagas or traditions inform us that, late in the next century (981), Eric the Red set sail from Iceland in search of a strange land which a Norse sailor, blown out of his course, had sighted in the far west.' He found it, and giving it the tempting name of Greenland, lured a band of colonists to those desolate shores. In the year 1000

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