MONEY AND BANKING.* The following figures, showing the coinage of the Austro-Hungarian mint and the outstanding note circulation from 1891 to 1895, will illustrate the progress of the transition to the gold basis : 1891. 1895. Florins. Florins. Florins. Florins. Florins. ( Four-ducat... 2,591.876 Single-ducat. 2,717,496 910,809 2,834, 445 Gold 1,584,607 2.015,062 Franz-Josefs. 3,394,795 2,086,107 Twenty and ten crown... 24,322,360 135,042, 180 97,323,530 72,011,760 6,433,204 2,697,600 2,301,100 I pieces) s pieces) 1 (pieces) Silver { Two-gulden... Single-gulden.. 5,948,515 4,173,573 Single-crown. 125,000 37,255,001 20,039,895 16,829,983 Twenty-kreutzer. Ten-kreutzer. 665,137 296,520 Nickel, twenty and ten heller 219,560 9,827,259 11,874,404 8,078,777 Four-kreutzer.. Copper One-kreutzer.. 411,207 162,230 Half-kreutzer. Bronze, two and single heller. 2,600 722,704 1,365,672 1,199,447 State notes in circulation.. 378,814,031 343,970,577 372,099,255 303,305,896 193,539,593 Austro-Hungarian bank notes in circulation........ 455,222,220 477,987,590 486,623,620 507,808,160 619,854,140 The total value of new coins struck at the various mints of the Austro-Hungarian Empire up to July 31, 1835, according to the law of August 2, 1892, was 38.5,546,000 forins; that is, 288,763,000 tlorins of gold crowns, 67,277,000 of silver crowns, 26,714.00) of nickel hellers, and 2,752,000 of bronze hellers. Of the total value of 385,506,000 florius, 232,342,000 florins were for Austria proper, and 153,164,000 for Hungary. THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN BANK. The following are the statistics of the Austro-Hungarian Bank for five years, in thousands of florins: Liabilities Assets Total, in- counted State Other cluding Capital. Fund. tion. gages. others. Cash. Bills, etc. Loan. Loans. others. 90,000 18,967 445,934 107,366 687.399 24 1,490) 166,619 78,170 114,273 687,399 1891. 90.000 18,952 455,222 110.872 701,283 245,931 190,189 77,419 116,798 701,283 1892. 90.000 32,498 477,988 117,997 744,939 289, 155 171.917 77,351 121,457 744,939 1893. 90,000 32, 472 486,624 121,276 762,814 278,235 171,699 76.987 125,262 762,814 1894. 900,000 32,521 507,808 128,611 791,559 307,105 180,254 76,858 131,505 791,559 1895, 90.000 3:2, 438 619,854 128,541 915, 462 377,251 219,474 76,3:22 134,290 915,462 1896. 90,000 659,726 448,000 217,592 1890..... The transactions of the Austro-Hungarian Bank in 1895 amounted to 2,532 million florins, against 2,311 millions in 1894; the discounts were 1,250 millions, against 1,076 millions the preceding year. At the close of 1895 the coin and bullion in the Bank amounted to 333 million florins, of wbich 250 millons consisted of gold, 127 millions silver, and one millions gold bills. JOINT-STOCK BANKS. Liabilities Total, in- in cir Accounts Mort. cluding Capital. Paid-up. Reserve. culation. current. gages. others. Austria... 214,915 64,06:3 221,381 487,653 617,729 1,670,616 Hungary. 74,883 61,533 12,154 11,736 1:20.00 35,501 411,943 In 1894 the number of savings-banks in Austria was 472, with 2,786,448 depositors and 1,530,713,000 forins; Hungary, in 18.12, 5:21 banks, with 510,620,000 florins deposits. The post-office savings-banks in Austria numbered 5,417 in 1895, with 1,138,454 depositors and 100,793,777 forins of deposits. Hungary, in 1894, had 3,942 banks, 257,303 depositors and 8,949,000 florins deposits, besides 550,000 in Croatia. N. B.- For full particulars of Monetary System" see “Commercial Year Book," Volume I, page 63. * For further information see this " Year Book," Volume I, page 113, Banking, and page 63, Monetary System. ITALY. AREA AND POPULATION. At the census of December 31, 1861, the area was about 96,500 square miles, with a population of 21,777,334. According to the censuses of 1871 and 1881, the area of the kingdom was, as now, 114,410, the. population aggregating respectively 26,801, 154 and 28,459,628. The estimated population for 1894 was 30,913,663 and 279.45 inhabitants per square mile. The progress in census population from 1800 up to 1881 is shown as follows: The estimated population on December 31, 1895, was 31,102,833, or 281.16 inhabitants per square mile. At the time of the census of 1881 the resident or legal population was 28,953,480. The number of foreigners was 59,956; 16.092 were Austrians, 12,104 Swiss, 10.781 French, 7,302. English, 5,234 Germans, 1,387 Russians, 1,286 Americans (United States), 1,212 Greeks, 9:22 Spaniards, and the rest mainly Turks, Belgians, Swedes and Norwegians, Dutch, Egyptians, Argentines, Brazilians. FISCAL AFFAIRS. The following table shows the revenue and expenditure for the fiscal years named, ending June 30, the budget estimates being given for the last three years: The following table shows the interest (including premiums) and sinking fund of the Public Debt on July 1, 1896 : Sinking Year of Fund Extinc- 1895-96. tion. Lire, Lire. 1. Consolidated debtRentes at 5 per cent... 5 409,438,133 3 3 4,871,412 448 449 47,375,200 4 4 4,853,401 Total consolidated debt. 466,538,151 2. Permanent annuity due to the Holy See. 3,225,000 3. Debts separately inscribed. 3 to 5 13,855,467 2,078,943 1896-1961 4. Various debts. 3 to 6 101,229,369 5,436,344 1902-1985 5. Floating debt Treasury bonds. 9,580,000 Current accounts. 500,000 Bank advances.. 450,000 Total floating debt. 10,530,000 Total public debt.. 595,377,987 7,516,287 The capital of the consolidated and redeemable debt amounted to 12,257,000,232 lire on July 1, 1895, or $2,377,900,000. The debt per capita was thus $75, and the interest $3.65. On June 30, 1895, the property of the State was stated at 4,696,274,933 lire. In the financial year 1894-95, the revenue from State property was: Railways, 70,247,375 lire; ecclesiastical, 2,416,181 lire; various, 11,658,554 lire; total, 84,322,110 lire. CUSTOMS IMPOSTS. The following statement shows the customs duties in lire, collected for the years 1896 and 1895 : The area of Italy comprises 28,658,900 hectares. of this area, 20,238,000 hectares (70.6 per cent.) are productive, 4,647, 451 hectares (16.2 per cent.) unproductive, and 3,773,449 hectares (13.2 per cent.) produces little or nothing. The agricultural condition of the country is shown in the following table : Produce Total 1895. Hectares. Hectares. Hectares. Hectol's. Hectol's. Hectol's. Wheat. 4,556,000 4,574,000 4,593,000 47,654,000 42,850,000 41,499,000 Maize.. 1,920,000 1,901,000 1,957,000 29,168,000 21,004,000 24,838,000 Oats.. 458,000 466,000 474,000 6,430.000 6.000.000 6,764,000 Barley 323,000 303,000 297,000 2,792,000 2,938,000 2,620,000 Rye. 145,000 142,000 137,000 1.585,000 1,518,000 1,413,000 Rice. 162,000 165,000 163,000 4,850,000 5,738,000 5,994,000 Pulse 861,000 856,000 849,000 4,092,000 4,555,000 4,080,000 Produce - Total 1895. Hectares. Hectares. Hectares. Quintals. Quintals. Quintals. Hemp. 101,000 105,000 675,000 795,000 580,000 Flax. 522,000 187,000 203,000 Potatoes.. 198.000 200,000 209,000 8,089,000 6,214,000 7,022.000 Chestnuts. 412,000 410,000 2,647,000 1.920,000 2,128,000 Hectol's. Hectol's. Hectol's. Wine... 3,435,000 3,451,000 3,462,000 32,164,000 25,817,000 24,246,000 Olive oil.. 1,061,000 1,314,000 2,941,000 2,120,000 2,261,000 Kilogr's. Kilogr's. Kilogr's. Tobacco.. 4,314 5,240 6,079,710 5,877.229 6,743,000 Silk cocoons.. 47,624,000 43, 128,000 41,152,000 Plants. Plants, Plants. Number. Number. Number. Avid fruits...... 17,176,000 16,933,000 3,320, 400,000 3,549,900,000 2,718,300,000 1 kilogramme = 2.2046 pounds. 1 hectare = 2.471 acres. 1 hectolitre = 2.8375 bushels. I quintal = 220.46 pounds. 1 hectolitre = 26.417 gallons. In 1890 Italy bad 5,000,000 cattle, 6,900,000 sheep, 1,800,000 goats, 1,800,000 swine. In 1895 there were 550,048 persons employed in rearing silkworms, and 172,000 skilled and other workers (including ninetenths women and children) were employed in the treatment and manufacture of silk. The total weight of the cocoon harvest was: In 1890, 89,866.800 lbs. ; in 1891, 85, 494,748 lbs.; in 1892, 69,283,000 lbs., in 1893, 104,991,900 lbs.; in 1894, 95,073,000 lbs. ; in 1895, 90,723,700 lbs. According to last census, the whole agricultural population was computed to be 14,900,000, including women. The average values of produce, agricultural, animal, and forest, are, in round numbers : Cereals, fibers, wine, fruit, etc., 2,873,000,000 lire; animals, wool, milk, cocoons, etc., 1,424,000,000 lire; forest yield, 88,000,000 lire; total, 4,385,000,000 lire. The value of accessory agricultural produce, such as vegetables, fungi, poultry, eggs, etc., is not known, but the exports alone of such produce amount to about 80,000,000 Tire annually. The following table will show the amounts of the export of wine in casks in the last two years to the principal countries : Hectolitres. Hectolitres. I Hectolitres. Hectolitres. 1895, 1894. 1895. 1894. To Austria-Hungary.. 626,389 927,302 To Switzerland.. 245,142 2:25,570 To South America..... 378,573 357,571 To Germany.. 133,194 106, 182 The total wine crop in Italy for the year 1894 amounted to 25,816,588 hectolitres; 1895, 24,245,838 hectolitres; 1896, 21,373,092 (provisional figures). WOOL. The total production of wool for the years 1891 to 1894 was as follows: 9,622,846 kilogrammes in 1891, 9,957.719 kilogrammes in 1892, 9,730,092 kilogrammes in 1893, 9,608,718 kilogrammes in 1894. The total production for 1894 was valued at $3,236,000. The following table exhibits the total imports and exports, the precious metals (uncoinod silver excluded), and merchandise (special commerce) for years given : IMPORTS AND EXPORTS BY CLASSES. Raw materials. Total. -Imports 1896. 46,874,549 48,786,299 Exports1895. 1896. $33,751,363 $33,881,490 71,160,874 64,686,969 35,623,234 42,538,165 59,750,468 61,905,559 $200,285,939 $203,012,183 The leading imports and exports for the years 1894 and 1895 are shown as follows, in thousands of lire: Imports. Exports. 1894. 1895. Grain, wheat. 65,724 95,383 Silk, raw and thrown.. 267,289 296,035 Cotton, raw. 119,674 98,717 Silk, waste 25,116 22,633 Coal..... 110,38% 21,149 29,689 Timber for building. 25,366 31,017 Silk, cocoons.. 2,505 4,334 Sugar, raw.. 21,742 19,447 Wine in casks 43,976 43,551 Sugar,' refined. 1,138 63,547 46,388 Wool, raw. 24,750 29,994 Fruit (fresh). 46,341 48,264 Machinery.. 28,278 35,465 Eggs.. 39,879 32,083 Silk, unbleached, raw, or Coral, manufactured. 21,700 21,943 twisted.. 52,914 74,237 Hemp and flax, raw, 34,236 40,507 Fish, of all sorts. 32.686 31,596 Sulphur, unrefined and reIron in bars, Ist fusion 12,011 11,459 21,534 20.642 Coffee.... 29,336 28,792 11,572 12,393 Silk, manufactures of. 7,549 15,146 1,762 Lined and hemp yarn. 11,717 13,305 Marble. 8,557 9,043 Hides, raw and dried. 33,864 35,060 Meat, fresh and salted. 16,592 17,511 Cheese.. 10,204 11,115 Skins, raw.. 14,130 21,302 Tobacco leaf. 15,835 24,341 Straw plaiting.. 5,017 6,401 Cotton, unbleached. 2,108 2,941 Dyeing and tanning stuffs.. 12,655 12,070 Cotton, bleached... 1,810 24,349 18,727 Cotton, colored and dyed... 2,138 2,057 Animals, horses. 949 1,915 Cotton, printed. 7,003 5,058 3,878 Horses.. 11,275 20,198 10,478 8,342 Cotton yarn. 1,382 921 1,060) Oil, mineral, refined. 11,868 12,08 Grain, wheat 73 60 Rice. 4 9,529 7,473 Railway materials.. 830 830 Indigo. 4,165 4.998 Oil, olive 7,203 4,843 Silkworms' eggs, on cards... 2, 462 2,170 The imports from and exports to (special commerce) the leading countries are given below in thousands of lire : Imports Exports- 1895. Lire, France. 194,187 141,167 United Kingdom. 251.550 250,706 234,703 106,247 124,312 115,687 Austria 122,381 135,045 121,483 127,528 117,308 Germany 147,753 141,761 150,620 175,948 Russia.. 130,501 71,894 8,529 12,660) Switzerland 55,488 45,962 193,550 210,254 193,607 United States and Canada. 95,634 109.859 124,182 81,629 91,197 101,846 Turkey, Servia, Roumania 31,253 15,433 20,576 Belgium... 28,111 18,527 Argentine Republic.. 15,697 35,638 Central America.. 8,183 1,121 British Possessions in Asia 69,734 74,645 19,636 Egypt..... 22,485 9,321 12,238 Spain and Gibraltar.. 10,419 10,781 11,345 8,618 11,851 COMMERCE WITH THE UNITED STATES. The values of the imports into the United States and of the exports from the United States to Italy for the years ending June 30 were as follows: 1892. 1895. Imports into United States.. $22,161,617 526,250,241 $18,016,075 $20,451,761 Exports from United States. 11,317,782 13,019,1539 13,910,6.30 10,363,425 1896. 1897. $22,142,487 $19,067,195 19,143,606 21,502,423 The principal imports into the United States for the year ending June 30, 1896, were: Argol, $1,488,478; sulphiir, 31,586,551 ; fruits (lemons and oranges), $7,941,855; hides and skius, $813,548; matting (tloor), 1184,40; oils (vegetable), $946,722; cheese, $475,940; silk (unmanufactured), $4,587,761; wool and manufactures of, 7533,467; silver, $40. Exports from the United States were: Corn, 8.183,208; cotton, $10,533,152; refined mineral oils, 21,829,177 ; tobacco (unmanufactured), 92,874,473; wood and manufactures of, $714,959. |
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