Popular Political Economy: Four Lectures Delivered at the London Mechanics' Institution ... [Book I]C. Tait, 1827 - 268 páginas |
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Página 5
... equal with what they receive . Landlords and opulent capitalists will fare sumptuously every day themselves ; they will keep a number of servants to minister to their luxuries , or they will set labourers to work for the sake of ...
... equal with what they receive . Landlords and opulent capitalists will fare sumptuously every day themselves ; they will keep a number of servants to minister to their luxuries , or they will set labourers to work for the sake of ...
Página 17
... equal space in Europe cultivated with wheat , would not nourish above two . " " The labour ( and it is rude , untutored labour ) of one individual , two days in the week , is there sufficient to support a numerous fami- ly . In Mexico ...
... equal space in Europe cultivated with wheat , would not nourish above two . " " The labour ( and it is rude , untutored labour ) of one individual , two days in the week , is there sufficient to support a numerous fami- ly . In Mexico ...
Página 45
... labour . Unless we keep this distinc- tion in view , and are at all times aware of the equal necessity for observing the laws of the material world , 46 ILLUSTRATIONS OF MENTAL and for carrying observation into practice.
... labour . Unless we keep this distinc- tion in view , and are at all times aware of the equal necessity for observing the laws of the material world , 46 ILLUSTRATIONS OF MENTAL and for carrying observation into practice.
Página 52
... equal utility of mental and muscular exertion ; and having esta- blished the fact , that all labour is productive which subsists the labourer ; I shall proceed to point out the important effects which , in the progress of society , are ...
... equal utility of mental and muscular exertion ; and having esta- blished the fact , that all labour is productive which subsists the labourer ; I shall proceed to point out the important effects which , in the progress of society , are ...
Página 58
... equal quantity of labour . This comparison , be it remarked also , is not made with the spontaneous productions of the ground , but with its produce , under a species of cultivation , which is itself the result of numberless ...
... equal quantity of labour . This comparison , be it remarked also , is not made with the spontaneous productions of the ground , but with its produce , under a species of cultivation , which is itself the result of numberless ...
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advantages agriculture America arts bank notes Bank of England bankers bour bread capital capitalist cause circulating capital circulation civilized classes cloth coin commodities consequences consumed continually corn corn laws cotton cultivation discoveries dity division of labour effects employed employment England equal Europe example existence fertility France give governments gulate important improvements increase of knowledge individuals industry influence inhabitants instruments invention land laws which regulate legislation less mankind manufacture means of subsistence ment merchant money price multiplied natural circumstances natural laws natural price neral number of labourers numberless observation obtain opulence paper money political economy population poverty precious metals present principle procure productive power profit progress of society promissory notes quantity of labour reader retail dealers says skill Smith social regulations soil species steam-engines Storch supply supposed territorial division tion tivated trade tural utility wants Wealth of Nations wheat whole
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Página 104 - One man draws out the wire, another straights it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head; to make the head requires two or three distinct operations; to put it on is a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another; it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper; and the important business of making a pin is, in this manner, divided into about 18 distinct operations, which, in some manufactories, are all performed by distinct hands, though...
Página 113 - In a tribe of hunters or shepherds, a particular person makes bows and arrows, for example, with more readiness and dexterity than any other. He frequently exchanges them for cattle or for venison with his companions ; and he finds at last that he can, in this manner, get more cattle and venison than if himself went to the field to catch them.
Página 189 - And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant.
Página 103 - But in the way in which this business is now carried on, not only the whole work is a peculiar trade, but it is divided into a number of branches, of which the greater part are likewise peculiar trades.
Página 106 - ... acquired by every country workman who is obliged to change his work and his tools every half hour and to apply his hand in twenty different ways almost every day of his life, renders him almost always slothful and lazy and incapable of any vigorous application even on the most pressing occasions. Independent, therefore, of his deficiency in point of dexterity, this cause alone must always reduce considerably the quantity of work which he is capable of performing.
Página 103 - To take an example, therefore, from a very trifling manufacture ; but one in which the division of labour has been very often taken notice of, the trade of the pin-maker ; a workman not educated to this business (which the division of labour...
Página 104 - Those ten persons, therefore, could make among them upwards of forty-eight thousand pins in a day. Each person, therefore, making a tenth part of forty-eight thousand pins, might be considered as making four thousand eight hundred pins in a day. But if they had all wrought separately and independently, and without any of them having been educated to this peculiar business, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day ; that is, certainly, not the two hundred...
Página 213 - ... All other debtors in the state were allowed the same privilege, and might pay with the same nominal sum of the new and debased coin whatever they had borrowed in the old. Such operations, therefore, have always proved favourable to the debtor, and ruinous to the creditor, and have sometimes produced a greater and more universal revolution in the fortunes of private persons than could have been occasioned by a very great public calamity.
Página 12 - ... and fishing. Such nations, however, are so miserably poor that from mere want they are frequently reduced or, at least, think themselves reduced to the necessity sometimes of directly destroying, and sometimes of abandoning, their infants, their old people, and those afflicted with lingering diseases, to perish with hunger or to be devoured by wild beasts.
Página 113 - Another excels in making the frames and covers of their little huts or moveable houses. He is accustomed to be of use in this way to his neighbours, who reward him in the same manner with cattle and with venison, till at last he finds it his interest to dedicate himself entirely to this employment, and to become a sort of house-carpenter. In the same manner a third becomes a smith or a brazier; a fourth a tanner or dresser of hides or skins, the principal part of the clothing of savages.