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their numerous centres, and with the nerves of the whole body, they are sometimes called the Great Sympathetic Nerves, and Nerves of Vegetable Life. There are three orders of these Nerves: one going to the blood-vessels and other parts of the vascular system; one to the contracule tissues or muscles of involuntary motion: and one to the nerves of organic sensation, conveying the impressions made on the organs.

of organic life, or solar plexus. The roots of these nerves are in the cerebellum, the seat of motion, a receptacle of life. Now, we see why intensity of thought, carking cares, &c., impede respiration and infringe on the laws of health, for want of the proper co-operation with the nerves of organic life; inducing dyspepsia, and even consumption. hence, the painful mode of teaching children to read by a book: away with this false system, unless you would inhumanly sacrifice the rising generation on the altar of evil; let the ear, or right feeling predominate: please work out the whole; for you can do it: a hint is sufficient for those who think.

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6. In this view of the Nerves of Respiration, (originating in the Medulla Oblongata, which is an extension of the Cerebellum, (b,) or seat of Voluntary Motion, and of the Cerebrumi, (a,) or seat of Rationality,) may be seen the nerve (c.) that goes to the Diaphragm (i,) and is concerned in the office of breathing, which generally acts without the aid of the Will; but yet is controllable by the Will, to a certain extent; for we may breathe fast or slow, long or short. Next above this, is the Spinal Accessory Nerve, used in moving the breast, &c., in respiration; one of its fellow roots goes to the tongue (d,) and is concerned in mastication, swallowing, speaking, &c. [Some nerves are thrown back, the better to be seen.] Next in order is the pneumosgastric, or lungs-and-stomach nerve (f, g, h.) which sends a branch to the meat-pipe, la; rynx and wind-pipe, (e,) also to the cardiac, or heart plexus, just above, and a little at the right of (g); a recurrent branch goes to the larynx. &c.; tner branches go to the face, to exhibit the feelings. All interweave, and bring the vocal organs into mportant relations with the heart and lungs, with 'eelings and thoughts; while the main body goes

the stomach, and unites with the great centre

7. Here is an excellent representation of the Nerves of Voluntary Motion, and of Sense, which, with the nerves of Organic Life, and the Respiratory Nerves, constitute the inmosts of the body; also, a posterior, or back view, of the two brains, which is the seat of the Mind, the constituents of which, are Will and Understanding. The letter e, indicates the cerebrum, or large brain, where the Understanding, Rationality, or thought is located; and ev, the cerebellum, or little brain, under, and adjoining the cerebrum, where the

Borizontal black line is: here is the seat of the Will, Affections, Passions or Emotions; also the seat of the Motive power of the body; and from these proceed the spinal marrow, (me,) enveloped in three different membranes, lying in the hollow of the back bone, and branching off by thirty pairs of spinal nerves into a great many ramifications over every part of the body; pb, the brachial plexus, a reunion or assemblage of the different nerves distributed to the arms, or upper extremities; and ps, the plexus, or folds of nerves, that form the great sciatic nerves, descending to the legs, or lower extremities. From the spinal marrow, the nerves arise by two sets, or bundles of roots; the front (anterior,) one serving for motion, and the back (posterior,) are the nerves of feeling, or sensibility. Now, in all voluntary actions of the body, whether reading, speaking, singing, or working, there should be a perfect harmony and co-operation of the Organic Nerves, Respiratory Nerves, and Motary Nerves; hence, the voluntary effort must be made from the abdomen, where is the great centre of Organic Nerves, in connection with those of Respiration.

8. Here is a striking view of the Muscuiar, or fleshy portions, that Form the medium of communication between the Nerves and the Bones: here are several hundreds, Acting on the bones like ropes on the masts of ships: let them be trained in perfect subjection to the Sou., through th: Mind; so that whatever 18 felt & thought, may be bodied forth to the life. Now let us put these three

systems, the
Nerves, Mus-

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9. We now descend to the hard part of the body, which have the least of life in them. This is a very correct representation of the Osseous system, or the bony parts which may be aptly

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called the basis, or foundation, of the splendid temple we live in; which is three stories high; viz. the cavity below the diaphragm, the one above it, and the skull. Examine, minutely, each part, the situation and attachment of the different bones of the head, the five short ribs, and the seven long ones, the breast-bone, &c. In a complete human frame, there are 250 bones: they afford us the means of locomotion. Do you see any aalogy between the body and language?

10. ZOOLOGY-(the doctrine or science of life.; is a necessary element of education. Whose curiosity has not been excited by the innumerable living beings, and things, with which we are surrounded? Is it not desirable to scrutinize their interiors, and see how they are made, and understand their various uses? Look at a man, a fish, a spider, an oyster, a plant, a stone; observe their differences, in many respects, and their simiları ties in others: they all have essence, form, use The tendency of the study of the three kingdoms of nature, the Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral,

is to emancipate the hunian mind from the dark- | ness and slavery of ignorance, into the light and liberty of rational humanity. The things of the Animal kingdom live, and move from an interior power; those of the Vegetable kingdom grow; and those of the Mineral kingdom do not live or grow; they simply exist.

constituting the nutritive function of which living bodies are the centre, are revealed to us by evidences too plain to be misunderstood: may we have power to appreciate them, being assured that a truths are in perfect harmony with each other.

12. Here is a representation of the Human 11. Three objects are designed by this engra-of Elocution. But it is necessary to enter more Form clothed and engaged in some of the uses ving: first, to show the body, clothed in its own beautiful envelop, the skin, which is the contiment of our most wonderful piece of Mechanism: second, to call attention to the fact, that it is full of pores, or little holes, through which passes out of our systems more than half of what we eat

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and drink, in the form of what is called insensible perspiration, which is indicated by the cloudy misi, emanating from every part of the surface; and as our bodies wear out, by degrees, and are renewed every seven years, and the skin being the principal evacuating medium for the worn-out particles of the system; the great importance of keeping it in a clean, and consequent healthy condition, by daily washing in soft cold water, must be evident to every one of reflection, it being the safety-valve of the body: and thirdly, to indicate a higher truth, that of the passing off of a subtle and invisible fluid from the mind, in accordance with its state; which is often perceived when certain persons are present; also when powerful speakers are pouring forth their highly wrought affections, and brilliant thoughts; so as to give the mind a kind of ubiquity, co-extensive with their tones and audible words, ruling immense audiences with absolute sway, and demonstrating the power of truth and eloquence.

into the particulars of our subject; whien s lone in the succeeding parts of this introduction: how. ever, let the reader bear in mind, that only the outlines of subjects are given in the book, designed for such as are determined to dig for truth and eternal principles, as

for hidden treasures;

whose motto is "Press On."

Animals and Plants endure for a time, and under specific forms, by making the external world a part of their own being; i. e. they have the power imparted to them of self-nourishment, and when this outward supply ceases they die, having completed their term of duration : hence, death, to material existences, is a necessary co sequence of life. Not so with minerals: they exist so long as external forces do not destroy them and if they increase, it is simply by the juxtapoAnimals and Plants increase by nutrition: sition of other bodies; and if they diminish, it Minerals by accretion. In infancy, we weigh by the action of a force, or power, from withbut a few pounds: at adult age, we exceed one out. Has not every thing its circle? How inhundred pounds. Whence, but from foreign sub-teresting must be the history of all things, anstances, are the materials of which our organs are composed? In sickness, extreme emaciation proves that our bodies may lose a portion of their bulk, and give back to the world what was once its own. Thus, con position and decomposition,

mate and inanimate! Oh that we had eyes to see, and ears to hear, every thing that is manifested around us, within us, and above us!

13. If we would have the Mind act on the Body, and the Body react on the Mind, in an on

derly, and, consequently, beneficial manner, it is necessary that the body be in a natural and upright position. The following engraving represents the Thorax, or Chest, which contains the Ileart and Lungs; and reason teaches, that no organs should be in the least infringed upon, either by compressions, or by sitting in a bent position. The Lungs are reservoirs for the air, out of which we make sounds, by condensation. All are famihar with the hand-bellows: observe the striking analogy between it and the body, in the act of speaking, singing and blowing. The wind-pipe is like its nosle, the lungs like the sides, and the abdominal and dorsal muscles, like its handles; of course, to blow with ease and power, one must take hold of the handles; to speak and sing right, the lower muscles must be used; for there is only one right way of doing anything.

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14. This is a view of a well developed and naturally proportioned chest; with space for the lungs, the short ribs thrown outwardly, affording ample room for the free action of the organs: it is the true model of the form of one who would live to a good old age.

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the inside of the thorax, where the heart and lungs are: there is no communication with the external air, except through the hole in the cork; air, entering through that hole, can go only into the blauder. Now, when the centre of the diaphragm is raised to D, the bladder will be flaccid and devoid of air; but when it is dropped, to the situation of the dotted line, a tendency to a vacuum will be the consequence, which can be supplied with air, 15. TIGHT DRESSING. No one can enjoy good health, or perform any kind of labor with ease, or only through the hole in the cork; the air expandread, speak, or sing, when the thorax is habitual- ing the bladder to its full extent, is shown by the ly compressed. It diminishes the capacity of the is elevated again, the air will be forced from the dotted circle, around L; and when the diaphragm lungs, for receiving the necessary quantity of air to purify the blood, and prevents the proper action ted by this alternate operation of the diaphragin, bladder; thus, the lungs are inflated and exhaus of the diaphragm. The following engraving shows the alarming condition of the chest, when com-dominal muscles; hence, the comparison between and of the contraction and elongation of the alpressed by tight lacing; a practice that has hurried, and is now hurrying, hundreds of thousands the vocal organs proper, and a pair of bellows, is to a premature grave; besides entailing upon the offspring an accumulation of evils, too awful to contemplate. What is the difference between killing one's self in five minutes with a razor, and doing it in five years by tight lacing, or any other bad habit? Our clothing should never be so tight as to prevent the air from coming between it and the body.

16. Here follows an outline of the chest, or thorax of a female, showing the condition of the bones of the body, as they appear after death, in every one who has habitually worn stays and corsets, enforced by tight lacing. But,' says one, I do not lace too tight.' If you lace at all, you most certainly do, and will, sooner or later, expe

distinctly seen.

MUSCULAR ACTION. These two engravings represent some muscular fibres in two states: the upper one at rest, with a relaxed nervous filament ramified through the fibres, as seen under the microscope; and the lower one in

a state of contraction, and the fibres in zigzag lines, with a simlar nervous filament passing over them: apply the principle to all muscles. The subject might be greatly extended; but for further information, see the Author's large work on Physiology and Psychology, which will be published as soon as convenient.

18. Here is a representation of the Air Cells | viscera and diaphragm upwards: the lungs co

in the Lungs, laid open and highly magnified.
The body is formed by Blood, which consists of the
nutritious portions
of our food, and
is in the form of
very small glob-
ules, or little
round balls: a
representation of
which is here pre-
sented as seen
through a micro-
scope, magnified

one thousand

times.

Every three

or four

nunutes, as a general rule, the blood flows thro'out the whole body; and, of course, through the lungs, where

operate with the diaphragm and abdominal mus cles; or rather, the soul, mind, nerves and mus cles act unitedly, and thence with ease, grace and effect. Observe, the Stomach, Liver, &c. are below the diaphragm, and are dependent on it, in a measure, for their actions.

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it undergoes a purification: hence may be seen the importance of an upright position, and perfect inflation of the lungs; no one can live out his days without them.

19. Here are two attitudes, sitting, and standing, passive and active. Beware of too much

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stiffness, and too much laxity, of the muscles; be natural and easy. Avoid leaning backwards or forwards, to the right or left: and especially, of resting your head on your hand, with the elbow on something else: by which practice, many have caused a projection of one shoulder, induced spinal affections, &c. Beware of every thing hat is improper: such as trying how much you can lift with one hand, &c.

20. Here follows a representation of the position of the diaphragm, and illustrations of its actions, in exhaling and inhaling. Figure 1, in the left engraving, represents the diaphragm in its greatest descent, when we draw in our breath: 2, muscies of the abdomen, when protruded to their full extent, in inhaling: 1, in the right engraving, the diaphragm in its greatest ascent in expiation: 2, the muscles of the abdomen in action, forcing the

and wholly fill up the cavity of the chest: every one has two hearts, for the two different kinds of blood, and each heart has two rooms: a, right auricle, that receives all the blood from every part of the body, through the vena cava, or large vein, which is made up of the small veins, e, e, e, e, e; it thence passes into the right ventricle, i, thence into both lungs, where it is purified; after which it passes into the left auricle, and left ventricle, then into the aorta, o, and the carotid and subclavian arteries (u, and v.) to every part of the body: returning every three or four minutes.

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