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240. PAUSES, are indications of silence; Proverbs.. 1. A bird is known by his nots, bey were introduced with the art of printing;-and a man by his talk. 2. There are many. and it is questionable, whether they have aid who glory in their shame. 3. A good charactered us much in learning to read or speak: for is a badge of excellence, that cannot long be con if there were no pauses, we should be comcealed. 4. Never more, or less, than enough. 5. Some rather imitate greatness, than goodness. pelled to exercise the mind, so far as neces sary to understand the author. Pauses in 6. There is misery in want, and danger in excess. speech, are analagous to rests in music; and 7. Good sayings, belong to all; evil actions only to their authors. 8. A knowledge of the way, is a there are seven different kinds in each art; all good part of the journey. 9. If we go wrong, the of which must be thoroughly understood, in farther we go, the farther we are from home. 10. their essence, to read, write, or sing correctly. Reform yourself first, and then, others. 11. The The true principles of notation, or pauses, fool-wanders; the wise-travel. 12 Words are. are found only in the measure of speech, wind; seeing is believing. which is based on the philosophy of mind, involving the exercise of thinking and feel ing. The use of pauses is to aid in making the sense clearer, and should be only just long enough to answer their end.

241. There are TWO KINDS of pauses, Grammatical and Rhetorical. Grammatical pauses are distinguished by characters, and are addressed to the eye, as well as to the ur. The shortest pause is called a comma, (,) which indicates a silence of one second. The teacher is recommended to count, at every pause, while the pupil reads; the same as is done at the rests in music; this exercise, is the surest to accomplish the object. Ex. 1. Do to others, as you would they should do to you. 2. None can be a disciple of the graces, but in the school of virtue. 3. Be armed with courage, against thyself, against thy passions, and against thy flutterers. 4. Every leaf, every twig, and every drop of water, teems with life. 5. The colors of the rainbow are- violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, Orange and red.

Inadequacy of Language. Words are poor weapons. The most beautiful verses -are those which we cannot express. The diction of every language is insufficient; and every day, the heart of man finds, in the delicacy of his sentiments, and the imagination discovers-in the impressions of visible nature, things, which the mouth cannot embody for want of words. The heart, and the thought of man-are like a musician-driven to play infinitely varied music-on an organ, which has but few notes. It is sometimes more advisable to be silent than to speak. Silence-is felt by the soul, and appreciated by God; and that is enough.

Varieties. 1. Is not the doctrine of the divinity, and humanity-of the Lord Jesus Christ, the touch-stone, by which the christian church is to be tried? 2. The life of a christian-is his walk; Christ is his way, and heaven-his home. 3. A coward in the field, is like a wise man's fool; he does not know what he professes; but a coward in the faith, is like a fool, in his wisdom, he does not profess what he knows. 4. Virtue-consists in the faithful performance of our duty, from love to God, and love to man; and vice-ir. the neglect of our duty from a love of self and a love of the world. 5. The heart of a

242. Examples to Illustrate the Pauses. The three grand degrees of all existences are -what is natural, HUMAN and DIVINE. The three grand divisions of all natural things are-earths, waters and atmospheres. The three kingdoms of nature are-the min-worthless man-is as unfired, and change eral, the vegetable, and the animal. The three divisions of the mineral kingdom are the soils, the rocks, and the precious stones. The three divisions of the vegetable kingdom are-grasses, plants and shrubs, and trees. The three divisions of the animal kingdom are-into those that creep and walk on the earth, those that swim, and those that fly. Each of these divisions is divided in trines; according to which, all things exist, and subsist.

Anecdote. An agent, soliciting subscrihers for a book, showed the prospectus to a man, who, after reading. -"one dollar in boards, and one dollar and twenty-five cents in sheep,"-declined subscribing, as he might not have boards or sheep on hand, when called upon for payment.

The humble man, when he receives a wrong,
Refers revenge-to whom it doth belong.

able, as the fitful wind. 6. The tongue may
speak the loudest; but the heart-the truest.
7. Look at the form, consider the desire, and
act, and mark the end; for thereby you may
know the nature of all created beings.

This world's not "all a fleeting show,
For man's illusion given;"-
He that hath sooth'd a widow's wo,
Or wip'd an orphan's tear, doth know
There's something here of Heaven.
And he, that walks life's thorny way,
With feelings calm and even,
Whose path is lit, from day to day,
By virtue's bright and steady ray,

Hath something felt of Heaven.
He, that the christian's course hath ran,
And all his foes forgiven.
Who measures out life's little span
In love to God-and love to man,
On earth, hath tasted Heaven.

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243. The Semicolon-is an indication that | Proverbs. 1. Prosperity--engenders sloth. we should pause long enough to count two, 2. Laziness-grows on people; it begins in cobdeliberately; and while we are thus resting, webs, and ends in chains. 3. Many have done a from physical effort, we can carry on our wise thing; more a cunning thing; but very fewmental effort, for the purpose of producing a generous thing. 4. What cannot be told, had the desired effect: for it is of the first impor- better not be done. 5. No patience, no true wistance, in reading and speaking, to keep the dom. 6. Those that are careless of themselves, can mind employed with the thoughts and feel- hardly be mindful of others. 7. Contentment gives ings; even when there is no external act; a crown, where fortune hath denied it. 8. He, except it may be the play of the facial mus- who lives disorderly one year, does not enjoy him. cles. 1. Envy not the appearance of happi- self for five. 9. Public men, should have public ness in any one; for you know not his secret minds: or private ends will be served, at the pub lic cost. 10. Mildness-governs better than anges. grief. 2. The sign without the substance, is 11. While there is life, there is hope. 12. Good nothing; the substance without the sign, is all things. 3. None are so innocent, as not to be evil spoken of; none so wicked, as to want all commendation. 4. We may know what we will not utter ; but we should never utter, what we do not know.

244. The following lines afford a good exercise, in the placing and use of the grammatical pause.

I saw a peacock with a fiery tail

I saw a blazing star that dropt down hail I saw a cloud begirt with ivy round I saw a sturdy oak creep on the ground I saw a pismire swallow up a whale I saw the brackish sea brim full of ale I saw a phial glass sixteen yards deep I saw a well full of men's tears to weep I saw man's eyes all on a flame of fire I saw a house high as the moon or higher I saw the radiant sun at deep midnight I saw the man who saw this dreadful sight. 245. Natural History-involves the study of all the productions of nature, animal, vegetable and mineral; their qualities, relations and origin. It is divided into three kingdoms, giving rise to the corresponding | sciences of Zoology, Botany and Mineralogy; which are divided into classes, orders, genera, and species, founded on prominent distinc tions; in which, what most resembles the earth, are placed nearest in relation to it.

Anecdote. "How do you know," (said a traveler to a poor wandering Arab of the desert,) "That there is a God?" "In the same manner," the replied,) "that I trace the footsteps of an animal,-by the prints it leaves upon the sand.”

Nor let soft slumber-close your eyes,
Before you've recollected thrice
The train of actions-through the day;
Where have my feet-chose out the way?
What have I learn'd, where'er I've been,
From all I've heard, from all I've seen?
What know I more, that's worth the knowing?
What have I done, that's worth the doing?
What have I sought, that I should shun?
What duty-have I left undone?
Or into what new follies run?

These self-inquiries--are the road,

That leads to virtue-and to God.

men-are a public good.

ternal world is designed, by its Creator, to Importance of Observation. The exmind. Ten thousand objects appeal to our aid essentially in developing the human observation; and each one is a book-of the most interesting character, which can be had without money, and without price. But we must attend to the animate, as well as to the in-animate world,--to men, as well as to things. We should not be ashamed to ask for information, when we do not understand the whys and wherefores; nor fail of conversing with every one, who can impart to us useful knowledge.

Varieties. 1. Are christians prohibited the proper use of any natural good? 2. When the honor and interest of TRUTH are concerned, it is our duty to use all lawful means-for its support and defence. 3. Tol eration-is odious to the intolerant ; freedom-to oppressors; property to robbers; and all kinds of prosperity to the envious. 4. General Washington was born, Feb. 22nd, (0. S.) 1732; and died, Dec. 14th, 1797, aged 67; 21 years after the Declaration of Independence. 5. What is the most perfect Government? that, where an injury done the meanest citizen, is considered an insult upon the constitution. 6. Grammar-speaks; Dialectics-teach truth; Rhetoric-gives coloring to our speech; Music-sings; Arithmetic-numbers: Geometry-weighs; and Astronomy-teaches us to know the stors. 7. As the Apostle saith, so it is, viz: The invisible things of God, and Divine Order, may be seen, and un lerstood by those things which are made, in outward creation; even his eternal power and Gol-head.

Words are like leaves; and where they most abound,
Much fruit of sense beneath-is rarely found.
False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,
Its gaudy colors spreads-on ev'ry place;
The face of Nature-we no more survey;
All glares alike, without distinction-gay:
But true expression, like th' unchanging sun,
Clears, and improves, whate'er it shines upon :
It gilds-all of jects, but it alters-none.
Expression-is the dress of thought, and still
Appears more derent-as more suitable

at home, that you would among strangers. 3. AL the close of each day, carefully review your conduct. 4. Avoid unpleasant looks. 5. Be not over anxious for money. 6. Acquire the useful-first; the brilliant-afterwards. 7. A virtuous youth, will make a happy old age. 8 One ill examplespoils many good precepts. 9. It costs more to revenge injuries, than to bear them. 10. For the evidence of truth, look at the truth itself. 11. A friend is known, when needed. 12. Who robs ▲ scholar, robs the public.

246. A Colon, (:) marks a pause of three Proverbs. 1. Religion says-love all; and seconds; or while one can count three, delib-hate none. 2. Observe all those rules of politeness erately. Principles-are tested by their application; but even then, we must think, as well as feel, and ascertain the whys and wherefores. 1. Read the sacred Scriptures: they are the dictates of divine wisdom. 2. Harbor no malice in thy heart: it will be a viper in thy bosom. 3. Do not insult a poor man: his situation entitles him to our pity. 4. He, that studies only man, will get the body without the soul: he that studies only books, will get the soul, without the body: wisdom says, study both. 5. Partially deaf persons, more easily hear a moderately loud

voice with a clear articulation, than a very loud one, that is rapid and indistinct: so it is with a weak voice, in addressing a large assembly.

247. COINCIDENCE.

Experience. In early youth, while yet we live among those we love, we love without restraint, and our hearts overflow in every look, word and action. But when we enter the world, and are repulsed by strangers, and forgotten by friends, we grow more and more timid in our approaches, even to those we love best. How delightful to us, then, are the caresses of children! All sincerity, all affection, they fly into our arms; and then only, we feel the renewal of our first confidence, and first pleasure.

3. The

Washington-was born, Feb. 22d, 1732, was inaugurated, 1789; and his term of service expired in the 66th year of his age: John Adams was born, Oct. 19, 1735; inaugurated, 1797; term expired in the 66th year of his age: Thomas Varieties. 1. What is more rerollingJefferson was born, April 2d, 1743; inaugurated, 1801; term expired in the 66th year of than the idea of a plurality of Gods? 2. An his age: Madison was born, March 5th, 1751; evil habit, in the beginning, is easily subinaugurated, 1809; term expired in the 66th dued; but being often repeated, it acquires year of his age: Monroe was born, April 2d, strength, and becomes inveterate. 1759; inaugurated, 1817; term expired in bee and the serpent-often extract the same the 66th year of his age: all these five presi-juices; but, by the serpent, they are conver dents were men of the Revolution, and ended ted into poison; while by the bee, they are their term of service in the 66th year of their converted into honey. 4. He, that aims at the sun, will not hit it, but his arrow will fly 248. BREATHING. When we sit at our higher, than if he aimed at an object on a leease, and are not exercising the voice, curvel with himself. 5. Is there not a place and breathing is slow and regular; and the more we speak, work, or sing, the more frequently must we inhale fresh air; because the expenditure is greater at such times: many persons fall victims to this neglect; and little is our primary instruction in reading calculated to aid us in appropriate breathing; the results of which are, exceedingly bad habits, inducing impediments in vocal efforts, disease and death. Oh, when shall we be wise, and understand these things! How hard to learn, even by experience!

age.

Anecdote. A Mutual Mistake. Two gentlemen were riding in a stage-coach; when one of them, missing his handkerchief, rashly accused the other of having stolen it; but soon finding it, had the good manners to beg pardon for the affront; saying it was a mistake to which the other replied, with great realiness, and kind feeling, "Don't be uneasy; it was a mutual mistake: you took me for a thief; and I took you, for a gentle

nan."

It is a vain attempt

To bind the ambitious and unjust, by treaties ;
These-they elude--a thousand specious ways.

state, for every one, and should not every one
be in his proper state and place? 6. Those
little words, "try," and "begin," have been
great in their results: "I can't”—never did
anything, and never will: "Il try"-has
done wonders. 7. The ministry of angels-
is that of supplying us with spiritual reasons,
truths, and love-principles, whensoever we
stand in need of them.

Gold-many hunted, sweat-and bied for gold;
Waked all the night, and labored all the day:
And what was this allurement, dost thou ask?
A dust, dug from the bowels of the earth,
Which, being cast into the fire, came out
A shining thing, that fools admired, and called-
A god; and, in devout and humble plight,
Before it kneeled, the greater-to the less.

And on its altar-sacrificed ease, peare,
Love, charity, benevolence, and all
Truth, faith, integrity; good conscience, friends,
The sweet and tender sympathies of life;
And to complete the horrid-murderous rite,
And signalize their folly, offered up
Their souls, and an eternity of bliss,
To gain them-what? an hour of dreaming joy ·
A feverish hour-that hasted to be done,
And ended-in the bitterness of wo.

other day. 2. Rashness-is the fru ul parent of misfortune. 3. Self-exaltation-is the fool's paradise. 4. Sweet is the memory-of departed worth. 5. The covetous man-is his own tormentor. 6. Avail yourself of the wisdom and experience of others. 7. Be ambitious of excelling, that you may do and get the greater good. s. The first step to greatness is-to be honest. 9. Truth--is the ba sis of all excellence. 10. Unlawful love-generally ends in bitterness. 11. They that hide, can find. 12. A penny spared, is twice got.

240. A Period, (.) shows that we should Proverbs. 1. Put not off repentance-till an pause four seconds; or while we can count four, deliberately. 1. Envy no man. 2. Know thyself. 3. Guard against idleness. 4. Vilify no person's reputation. 5. Abhor a falsehood. 6. Blessed are the poor in spirit. 7. Jesus wept. 8. Hurt not thyself. 9. Cherish the spirit of benevolence. 10. Perform your duty faithfully. 11. Make a proper use of time. 12. Cultivate the affections. 13. Do good to all. 14. Be punctual in your engagements. 15. Love humanity. 6. Obey the commandments. 17. Live the Lord's Prayer. 18. Be holy and just. 19. Be perfect. 20. Live for immortality.

250. Pythagoras, about five hundred years before the Christian era, called the visible universe-by the very expressive Greek name, ho kosmos--THE ORDER, which we translate the world. The Platonic school, afterwards, withdrawing attention from generul nature, and fixing it on the epitome MAN-began to call him-ho mikros kosmos, the miniature world; or, order in miniature. How much useful and instructive history there is in the origin of words! and it is gratifying to know, that these same subjects employed such minds as Plato's, more than two thousand years ago.

251. The intellectual physiognomy of Chatham-was of a severe, and commanding order; his genius-was eminently practical: and while no person-ever surpassed him, in the lofty aspiration and generous enthusiasm of patriotism, few have equalled him, in their calm and christian application. His private character,-shone with a lustre, very different from the unhealthy glare of political fame. His correspondence—presents him under an engaging aspect, and enables the reader to admire the husband and father, not less than the statesmen and the orator. Anecdote. The Far West. "Pray sir, said one gentleman to another, "Is not Indiana--the Far West?" "Oh no sir," was the reply. "Well, is not Illinois ?" "Very far from it." "Surely then, when we cross the Mississippi, you are in the Far West!" "No, not exactly." "Where, then, is the Far West!" "Why sir, it is about a half a mile

this side of sunset."

Beware, proud man, the first approach to erime.
Indulgence-is most dangerous-nay, fatal,-
Resist, or soon resistance is in vain.

The first-leads to the second, then to the third
The fourth succeeds, until, familier grown
With vice, we start not-at our own misdeeds.
Temptation comes, so clothed in speciousness,
So full of seeming, we behold her not
With apprehension, till her baneful pow'r
Has wrestled with our virtue: dreadful state!
When rice steals in, and, like a lurking thief,
Saps the foundation of integrity.

1

The Gentleman and his Tenant.

A coUNTRY gentleman-had an estate of two hundred pounds a year, which he kept in his own hands, till he found himself so much in debt, that he was obliged to seat one half to satisfy his creditors, and let the remainder to a farmer for one and twenty years. Before the expiration of his trase, the farmer asked the gentleman, when he came one day to pay his rent, whether he would sell the land he occupied. Why, will you purchase it!" said the gentleman. "If you wili part with it, and we can agree," replied the farmer. "That is exceeding strange," said the gentleman. "Pray, tell me how it happens, that I could not live upon twice as much land, for which I paid no rent, and that you, after regularly paying me a hundred a year for the half, are able, so soon, to pur chase it." "The reason is plain," answered the farmer. "You sat still, and said, Go. 1 stood up, and said, Come. You lay in bog and enjoyed your ease. I rose in the morn ing, and minded my business."

Varieties. 1. Who should be more vir tuvus and intelligent, than the Teacher, who is to educate, and form characters-for time and eternity? 2. The happiness of every one-depends more on the state of his own mind, than any external circumstance: nay more than all external things put together. 3. Borrowed money-makes time short. b. The lowest condition of life, with prudence, is better than the most exalled station, without it. 5. How absurd, to be complaining, and formenting ourselves, for what it is inpossible to avoid, or attain. 6. Pause, awhile, ye travelers on earth, and candidates for eter nity, and contemplate the universe, and the Wisdom and Love of Him who made it. 7. Where there is no unison with God, the only source of order, love and light, there is neither order, or love, or light, but their opposites. 8. Art-is long, life-is short. How terrible-is passion! how our reason Falls down before it; while the tortured frame. Like a shop-dashed by fierce encountering tides, And of her pix spoil'd, drives round and round, The sport of wind-and wave. Our passions-always fatal counsel give; Through a fallacious glass-our wrongs-appear Still greater-than they are

252. The Interrogation, (3) indicates a pause, equal to the Colom, or Periot, according to circumstances. It is generally used as a sign of asking questions: though sometimes, it is one of the strongest modes of affirmation. 1. Can you see? 2. Can you hear? 3. Can you taste? 4. Can you smell? 5. Can you feel? 6. Who are you? 7. What are you doing? 8. Where are you going? 9. What is your destiny? 10. Who made you? 11. Of what are you thinking? 12. Whom do

-xa love?

253. Among the examples above, are, the first five questions, that are direct: because they admit the answer, yes, or no; all such interrogations require the voice to glide upward, in asking them; the last seven questions are indirect; because they do not admit the answer yes, or no; all such interrogations require the voice to glide downward, in asking them. You can test the theory thus: Can you see? Yes; or no. Who are you? Yes; or no. The former-makes sense; the latter nonsense. Can you hear? Yes. Can you taste? No. What are you doing? Yes. Where are you going? No. However, it will be seen hereafter, that the slides of the voice, up, or down, may be reversed-in every instance, and yet make good sense.

254. Direct Question in reference to our Living Temples. Is not the house, in which we live, a very curious building? Can we conceive of any form-more beautiful than the human form, when it has not been perverted, or deformed? Who knows best, we, or our Creator, what is the proper shape in which we should be? Can we mend his works! Is any thing beautiful-that is not useful? Were we not made right, and have we not, in a measure, unmade ourselves? Is not OUR HOUSE a very convenient one, and its furniture admirably adapted to the wants of its occupant? Would it not be well-frequently to take a view of the form, covering, apartments, furniture, employments, uses and abuses of this wonderful house of ours? Anecdote. A Challenge. After the battle of Actium, Mark Antony- - · challenged Augustus,-who disarmed him in the following words. "If Antony is weary of his life, there are other ways of despatch, besides fighting him; and for my part, I shall not trouble myself to be his executioner."

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Proverbs. 1. Manifest no excitement, when a mistake is made. 2. Be sincere-in your profess ons of friendship. 3. Culuvate a pure heart, and you will have a pleasant countenance. 4. Never speak to the disadvantage of any one, unless duty requires it. 5. Avoid light and trifling conversation. 6. A civil answer, to a rude speech-costs but little, and is worth a good deal. 7. Dispel corrod

care; and consider it sinful-to give way to passion. 8. Charms-strike the sight; but meritwins the soul. 9. Persons are to be estimated, ac

cording to their goodness.-not according to their

dress. 10. The sincere and candid man, has nothing to conceal; for he speaks nothing but the truth. 11. Turn a deaf ear to angry words. 12. He who promises-runs in debt.

Laconics. We esteem most things according to their intrinse merit; it is strange MAN should be an exception. We prize a horse for his strength and courage,-not for his furniture. We prize a man for his sumptuous palace, his great train, his vast revenue; yet these are his furniture, not his mind.

Varieties. 1. Which is the more impor tant-and useful discovery, the balloon, o the telegraph ? 2. What is the cause of seacurrents? 3. Will it take ages-to discover the truth; or ages-to acknowledge it, when it is discovered? 4. What is meant by the words, a pure state of nature? Do they not mean that state, in which the conduum, circumstances, and habits of men-are in strict accordance with the laws of his nature? 5. Is not Hip-poc-ra-tes called the Father of Medicine? 6. If we are not happy, is it because our Creator has not endowed us with the capability of becoming so! 7 What is the difference-in reasoning from facts and experience, and reasoning from a mixture of truth and falsehood? Do not many-reason from the latter, instead of from the former?

THE BEACON.

The scene-was more beautiful-far to my eye

Than if day-in its pride-had arrayed it; The land-breeze blew mild, and the azure arch'dsky Look'd pure-as the Spirit that made i The murmur rose soft, as I silently gaz'd

On the shadowy ware's playful motion, From the dim distant hill, till the beacon-fire blaz'd Like a star-in the midst of the ocean. No longer the joy of the sailor boy's breast

Was heard in his wildly breath'd numbers, The sea-bird-had flown to her ware-girdled nest, The fisherman-sunk to his slumbers. One moment I look'd--from the hill's gentle slope,

All hush'd-was the billow's commotion,
And thought-that the beacon look'd lovely as hope,
That star-on life's tremulous ocean.
The time-is long past, and the scene—is afar,
Yet, when my head-rests on its pillow,
Will memory-sometimes-rekindle the star
That blazed-on the breast of the billow.

In life's closing hour, when the trembling soul flica,
And death-stills the heart's-last emotion,
O then-may the seraph of mercy arise!
Like a star-on Eternity's ocean.

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