5. Alms 129. Distinctness of articulation demands Proverbs. 1. It is not the burthen, but the special attention, and requires that you should over-burthen, that kills the beast. 2. The death pronounce the vocal letters, as well as every of youth is a shipwreck. 3. There is no dis.utword, audibly and correctly, giving to each ing of tastes, appetites, and fancies. 4. When the its appropriate force and quantity. Unless fox preaches, let the geese beware. these principles are perfectly understood, giving-never made a man poor; nor robberyyour future acquirements will be more or rich; nor prosperity-wise. 6. A lie, begets a lie, less faulty: for, in proportion as one is ig-till they come to generations. 7. Anger-is often norant of what ought to be felt, thought, and done, will he be liable to err. more hurtful than the injury that caused it. 8. Better late ripe, and bear, than blossom, and blast. 9. Experience-is the mother of science. 10. He 130. N has two sounds; first its name that will not be counselled, can not be helped. sound: NINE; the land-man's nin-ny, neg-li-gent of the huntsman's en-chan!-ments, con-lami-nates the no-ble-man's nine 11 Expose one's evils, and he will either forsake them, or hate you for the exposure. 12. Do not hurry a free horse. 13. Every thing would live. Gradations. The dawn, the deep light, the sun-rise, and the blaze of day! what softness and gentleness! all is graduated, and yet, all is decisive. Again, observe how winter-passes into spring,-each pins with his an-ti-no-mi-an non- [N in NINE.] sense: Na-hant, and Flan-ni-gan, joint-lenants of nine-ty-nine Man-i-kins, u-nam-imous-ly en-chain with win-ning tones, the be-nig-nant du-en-na, while they are con-ven-weakened by the struggle; then. steals on ed to nom-i-nate con-di-ments for the so-cin1-an con-ven-tion of the non-res-i-dents; he knows his nose; I know he knows his nose: he said I knew he knows his nose: and if he says he knows I know he knows his nose, of course, he knows I know he knows his-there is first sense, then fancy. imagina nose. the summer, which is followed by the maturity of autumn. Look also at the gradations and commingling of infancy, childhood, series! and all this may be seen-in the youth, manhood and age: how beautiful the successive developments of the human mind: tion and reason.-each of which-is the 131. Some public speakers, in other re-ground. or continent, of all that succeed: spects inferior, from the ease, grace, dignity sense-is the rude germ, or crust of the and power of their de ivery, are followed and fancy, which is the full-fledged bird. freed applauded; while others, however sound in and soaring aloft, unrestrained, in the luxu from its confinement and limited notices, matter, and finished in language, on accountries of its new being; then, succeeds imagi of their deficiency of minner, are passed by nation, a well regulated fancy, that emulates almost unnoticed. All experience teaches us the work of reason, while it borrows the the great importance of minner, as a means hues of its immediate parent and reason of inculcating truth, and persuading others to embrace it. Lord Bacon says, it is as necessary for a public speaker, as decorum for a gentleman. Notes. 1. This vocal nasal sound is made, by pressing the from passing through the mouth, and emitting all of it through the nose: see engraving. 2. In comparing sounds, be guiled s lely by the car; beware of going by sight in the science of accoustics. 3. Remember, who there is a change in the position of the organs, tongue against the roof of the mouth, and thus preventing the sound there is a corresponding change in the sounds. 4. In words where and in preesde ch, the wound of intervenes in the pronunciation: filch, Hinch, wench, inch, bench, &c. 5. Beware of omissions and allitions; Boston notion, not Boston ocean. Regain either, not regain neither. Anecdote. The Rev. Mr. Whitfield— was once accused, by one of his hearers, of wandering in his discourse; to which he replied: If you will rumble like a lost sheep, I must ramble after you." Truth Comes to us with a slow-and doubtful step; Seize upon truth,-wherever found, : is the full and perfect development of all that sense originally contain'd, fancy-decorated, and imagination-designed-in a thousand forms: thus reason-combines the whole, and from the whole, thro' the light of the Supreme Mind, deduces her conclusigns: thus, shall the gradations, or series of developments, continue in the good, and the true-to all eternity! Varieties. 1. How many years inter- A villain, when he most seems kind, 6. 132. Be perfectly distinct in your articu- Proverbs. 1. A miss, is as good as a mile. lation, or you cannot become an easy, grace-2. A man is a lion in his own cause 3. He that ful, effective and natural elocutionist; there has too many irons in the fire, will find that some fore, practice on the vowels and consonants, of them will be apt to burn. 4. It is not an art to as here recommended, separately and com- play; but it is a very good art to leave off play. bined. If your utterance is rapi 1, and indis-5. Beyond the truth, there is nothing but error; tinct, your reading and speaking, will not and beyond error, there is madness 6. He, who be listened to with much pleasure, or profil.7. The burnt child dreads the fire. 8. When one A hint to those who would be wise, is suf-will not, two cannot quarrel. 9. Words from the ficient. 133. The second sound of N, is that of Ng, before hard g, and often before hard c, k and q under the accent. BANK; con-gress conquers the strang-ling don-key, shrunk shanks. deals with a blockhead, has need of much brains mouth, die in the ears; but words from the heart -stay there. 11. Young folks-think old folk fools; but old folks know that young ones are. 11. First know what is to be done, then do it. 12. The tongue, without the heart, speaks an unknown tongue. 13. Remember the reckoning. and sanc-tions the lank con-clave [N in BANK.) The three essentials-of every existin punc-til-ious con-course: the san-guine ence are an inmost, a middle and an outmost: un-cle, anxious to ling-er much long-eri. e. an end, a cause. and an eff.ct: the end among the tink-ling in-gots, jin-gles his rin-is the inmost, the cause is the middle, and kled fin-ger over the lin-guist's an-gu-lar the effect the outmost, or ultimate. Ex. Man is one existence, and yet consists of a 134. The common mode of teaching elo- soul, or inmost principle, a body, or middle cut-on is considered the true one, because it principle, and an activity, or ultimate prinhas been so long admitted and practiced action; in his body are causes, or ways and ciple. In his soul are ends, or motives to the old have become familiar with it, and fol- means of action; and in his life are effects, low it from habit, as their predecessors did; or actions themselves: if either were wantand the rising generation receive it on trust: ing. he could not be a man: for, take away thus, they pass on, striving to keep each oth-his soul, and his body would die for want of er in countenance: hence it is, that most of our bad habits, in this important art, are born in the primary school, brought up in the academy, and graduated in the college; if we procced so far in our education. Is not an entire revolution necessary. a first principle to live from; take away his body, and his soul could not act in the natural world, for want of a suitably organized instrument; take away his life, or the acti soul and body would cease to exist for lack vity of his body from his soul, and both of exercise. In other words, MAN consists 135. Irregulars. Ng have generally this of will, or inmost; understanding, or intersound. In cultivating and strength-en-ing mediate; and activity, or ultimate. It is the un-der-stand-ing, by stud-y-ing, read-ing, evident, that without willing, his underwri-ting, cy-pher-ing, and speak-ing, I am standing would never think, and devise think-ing of con-tend-ing for go-ing to sing- means of acting; and without understanding meet-ing; in re-lin-quish-ing your stand-ing, his will-could not effect its purpose; ing in the crisp-ing frying pan, by jump-ing and without action—that willing and undero-ver the wind-ing rail-ing, you may be sail- standing would be of no use. ing on the boil-ing o-cean, where the limp-ing her-rings are skip-ping, and danc-ing, around some-thing that is laugh-ing and cry-ing, sleeping and wa-king, lov-ing and smiling. Notes. 1. This masal diphthongal vocal consonant sound, may be male by drawing the tongue back, closing the passage from the throat into the mouth, and directing the sound through the nose; as in giving the name sound of N; it can be distinctly perceived by prolonging, or singing the ng sound in the word stag, 2 If the accent be on the syllable beginning with g and charl, and A, ai q, then may take i's name sound; as, con-grat-u-late, con-cur, con-clude, &c. 3. The three sounds of in and n, are the only nasal ones in our language. 4. Some consonant sounds are continuous: the 1st, 31, and 4th of e; the 2nd of f, the third of g, l, m, n, r, &c. are examples; others are abrupt or discrete; as, b, d, p. k, t, &c.: so we have continuous sounds, (the long ones,) and abrupt or discrete ones, (the short.) Anecdote. Equality. When Lycurgus, king of Sparta, was to reform and change the government, one advised him. that it should be reduced to an absolute popular equality: "Sir," said the lawgiver, begin it in your own house first. Love-reckons hours-for months,-and days-for years; Varieties. 1. The thief-is sorry he is to be punished, but not that he is a thief. 2. Some are atheists-only in fair weather. 3. Is the casket-more valuable than the that flows slowly on; yet it undermines evjewel it contains? 4. Indolence is a stream ery virtue. 5. All outward existence-is only the shadow of that, which is truly real; because its very correspondence. 6. Should we act from policy, or from principle? 7. The prayer of the memory is a reflected light, like that of the moon; that of the under standing alone, is as the light of the sun in winter; but that of the heart, like the ligh and heat united. as in spring or summ and so also, is all discourse from then., and all worship. THE FLIGHT OF YEARS. Gone! gone forever!-Like a rushing wave Proverbs. 1. Ile, who thinks he knows the most, knows the least. 2. Take every thing as it comes, and make the best of it. 3. Three removes are as bad as a fire. 4. Tread on a worm, and he will turn. 5. Two things we should never be angry at,-what we can, and what we cannot help. 6. When the bow is too much bent, it 136. In ancient Rome, an orator's education began in infancy; so should it be now; the seeds of eloquence may be sown, when the child is on the maternal bosom; the voice should be developed with the mind. If the child has good examples set him, in reading and speaking, and the youth is attentive to his every day language, and is careful to im-breaks. 7. A wise man-is a great wonder. 8. prove his mind and voice together, he will become a good elocutionist, without scarcely knowing it. Connection and associationhave as much to do with our manner of speaking, as with our cast of thinking. 9 wicked man-is his own hell; and his evil lusta and passions the fiends that torment him. Blushing-is virtue's color. 10. Evil communi cations corrupt good manners. 11. Gain-is wn12. Never court, 137. P has but one sound: PAP; Amusements. Ever since the fall, pale, par, pall, pap; peep, pet; mankind have been prone to extremes; not pipe, pip; pope, pool, pop; only the religious, but the irreligious portion of the world. It is greatly to be regretpule, pup, puss; point, pound; ted, that we are all so much at the mercy peo-ple put pep-per in pep-perof passion and prejudice, and so little-unbox-es, ap-ple-pies in cup- [P in PAP.] der the guiding influence of reason and inboards, and whap-ping pap-poo-ses in wraptelligence. In our creation, the Divine pers; the hap-py pi-per placed his peer-less Being-has manifested infinite love and inpup-py in Pom-pey's slop-shop, to be pur-finite wisdom: for we are made in “HIS chased for a peck of pap-py pip-pins, or a pound of pul-ver-iz-ed pop-pies; a pad-dy picked a peck of pick-led pep-pers, and put them on a broad brined pew-ter plat-ter. 138. MUSCLE BREAKERS, Peter Prickle Prandle picked three pecks of prickly pears, from three prickly prangly pear trees: if then, Peter Prickle Prandle, picked three pecks of prickly pears from three prickly prangly pear trees; where are the three pecks of prickly pears, that Peter Prickle Prandle picked, from the three prickly prangly pear trees? Success to the successful prickly prangly pear picker. Notes. 1. To give this aspirate labial, whisper the word puch, (u short,) or pop out the caulle; see the engraving: it is s' of the word up, except the u: but the sound is not finished till the lips are separated, or the remaining breath exhaled: remember the remarks in reference to other abrupt elements. 2. The principal difference between band p is, that b is a vocal, ani p, only a breath sound. P, H. T, are called, by some, sharp mutes; and B, G, D, flat mutes. 3. Germans find it difficult to pronounce certain vocal consonants at the ends of words, tho' correctly at the beginning: hence, instead of saying dog, mad, pod, &c. they say at first, dok, mat, pot, &c. 4. In pronouncing me, and t together, p is very apt to intervene; as in Pain-ton &c. 5. P is silent in psal-ter, pshaw, pneu-mat-ics, Pt-e my, Psy-che, rasp-ber-ry, (31 a,) corps IMAGE and LIKENESS;" the former, we we Varieties. 1. There are some, who live -to eat and drink; and there are others, (o long,) re-ceipt, etc. 6. Not debths, but depths; not clal-board, who eat and drink, to live. 2. The perfec tot clap-board; not Ja-cop, but Ja-cob; not bal-tism, but bapin, etc. tion of art is-to conceal the art: i. e. to be Anecdote. A Check. Soon after the the thing, instead of its representative. 3. pattle of Leipsic, a wit observed," Bona- Let every one sweep the snow from his own part must now be in funds; for he has re-door, and not trouble himself about the frost ceived a check on the bank of the Elbe." Hidden, and deep, and never dry, Or flowing, or at rest, A living spring of love-doth lie In every human breast. All else may fail, th't soothes the heart, All, save that fount alone; With that, and life, we never part; For life, and love-are one. He seemed For dignity composed,-and high exploit ; on his neighbor's tiles. 4. Galileo, the great astronomer, was imprisoned for life, because he declared that Venus-shone with a borrowed light, and from the sun, as the centre of our system. 5. There are abuses-in all human governments. 6. He, whose virtues, exceed his talents, is the good man; but he, whose talents exceed his virtues, is the bad man. 7. All we perceive, understand, will, love, and practice, is our own; but nothing else. Suspicion-ahoays haunts the guilty mind; 139. Written language consists of letters, | and, consequently, is more durable than spoken language, which is composed of articulate sounds. Our written alphabet contains twenty-six letters, which make syllables and words; words make sentences; sentences paragraphs, which make sections and chapters; these constitute an essay, discourse, address, oration, poem, dissertation, tract or book: but our vocal alphabet has forty-four letters, or sounds, which make up the whole of spoken language. Proverbs. 1. He that is ill to himself, will be good to nobody. 2. The remedy-is worse than the disease. 3. Who is so deaf, as he that will not hear? 4. All vice infatuates and corrupts the judgment. 5. A fool, may, by chance, put something into a wise man's head. 6. After praying to God, not to lead you into temptation, do not throw yourself into it. 7. Evil gotten, evil spent. 8. He, that knows useful things, and not he that knows many things, is the wise man. 9. He preaches well, that lives well. 10. It is always term time in the court of conscience. 11. We may be ashamed of our pride, but not proud of our shame. 12. Historical faith-precedes saving faith. 13. Stolen waters are sweet. 140. R has two sounds; first, its name sound; ARM; the bar-bers were, in former years, the ar-bi-ters of The True Christian Character. The the mur-der-ers of their fore-fathree essentials of a christian-are-a good will-flowing through a true understanding, thers. the Tur-tars are gar-blers of hard-ware and per-ver-ters of into a uniform life of justice and judgment. It is not enough, that we mean well, or the errors of North-ern-ers and [Rin ARM.] South-ern-ers; the fur-mers are dire search-intention is powerless, without truth to know our duty, or try to do right; for good guide it aright; and truth-in the intellect alone, is mere winter-light, without the summer-heat of love to God-and love to man; and blundering efforts to do our duty are poor apologies for virtuous ener ers after burnt ar-bors, and store the corners of their lar-ders with di-vers sorts of quar-ter dol-lars; Charles Bur-ser goes to the fur-ther barn, and gets lar-ger ears of hard corn, for the car-ter's hor-ses. the three alone-can constitute us true chris 141. Dr. Franklin says, (of the justly cel-gies, well directed and efficiently applied: ebrated Whitfield,) that it would have been tians; i.e. our will, understanding and life, fortunate for his reputation, if he had left no must be brought into harmonious and effi written works behind him; his talents would cient unity, in order that we may be entitled hen have been estimated by their effects: in- to this high and holy appellation. Things deed, his elocution was almost faultless. must not only be thought of, and desired, But whence did he derive his effective man-purposed, and intended; but they must be ner? We are informed, that he took lessons done, from love to the Lord; that He, as a of Garrick, an eminent tragedian of Eng-principle of goodness, and a principle of land, who was a great master in Nature's truth-may be flowing, constantly, from school of teaching and practicing this useful art. Notes. 1. To make this smooth vocal sound, pronounce the word arm, and dwell on the r sound; and you will perceive that the tongue is turned gently to the roof of the mouth, and at the centre-to the circumference of actions: we must practice what we know of the truth; we must live the life of our heavenly Father's commandments; so as to have his goodness and truth implanted in us, that we may strive to walk before Him, and become perfect. the same time drawn back a little. 2. Avoid omitting this letter, as it never is silent, except it is doubled in the same syllable; not staw-my, but stor-my; not lib-ah-ty, but lib-er-ty; not bust, but Varieties. 1. A certain apothecary-has burst; not waw-um, but warm; not ah-gu-ment, but ar-gu-nent; over his door, this sign-“ All kinds of dynot torres, but hor-ses; not hard stawm, but hard storm; etc. 3. Re-ing stuff sold here." 2. Does wealth-exert member that short e and i before r, in the same syllable, when accented, sound like short u, unless followed by another r, as mercy, (mer-it,) ser-geant, (ser-rate,) ter-ma-gant, (ter-ror,) mirth-ful, (mir-ror,) ver-ses, (ver-y) (here the r is re-echoed ;) and spirits, &c.: the exceptions are in parentheses: see p. 221. 4. Some words, (where e, i, and r, are peculiarly situated, as above,) have, in their pronunciation, a reverberation, or repetition of the r, although there may be but one in the word; as-ver-y; being followed by Towel. Anecdote. Who Rules? A schoolmaster, in ancient Rome declared, that he ruled the world. He was asked to explain: which he did in the following manner. Rome rules the world; the women rule those who govern Rome; the children control their mothers, and I rule the children." So we grew together, Twoo lowly berrics,-moulled on one stem: more influence than knowledge? 3. A What is beauty? Not the show That have their dated hours, To breathe their momentary sweets, then go; Appearances-deceive; And this one mazin—is a standing rule,- 142. Many persons take great pains in | Proverbs. 1. He, who resolves to amend, their dress, to appear well and receive atten- has God on his side. 2 Honest men are soon tion; and so far as personal appearance can bound; but you can never bind a knave. 3. If exert an influence, they attain their end: but the best man's faults were written on his foreif they would cultivate their language, and head, it would make him pull his hat over his the proper way of using it, so as not to de-eyes. 4. Life is half spent, before we know what form themselves in reading and conversation, it is. 5. Of the two evils, choose the least. 6. they might accomplish the object at which One bad example spoils many good precepts Patience is a plaster for all sores. 8. He who they aim. serves well-need not be afraid to ask his wages. 143. The second sound of R, is rough, trilled, or burred; when it comes before vowel sounds in the same syllable: RAIL ROAD; the ron-ring rep-ro-bate re-ver 7. 9. If you will not hear reason, she will rap you over your knuckles. 10. Prayer-should be the key of the day, and the lock of the night. 11. Foul water will quench fire. 12. From nothing -nothing can come. Anecdote. Spinster. Formerly, it was a maxim, that a young woman should never be married, till she had spun, herself, a full set of linen. Hence, all unmarried women have been called spinsters: an appellation they still retain in certain deeds, and law proceedings; though many are not entitled to it. be-rates his ran-cor-ous rib-ald- [R in RAIL.] ry and re-treats from his re-gal throne, to his ri-val rec-re-a-tion in the rook-e-ry: the oppro-bri-ous li-bra-ri-an, rec-re-ant-ly threw the great gril-i-ron among the crock-e-ry with ir-re-proach-a-ble ef-front-e-ry; the re-sults of which were, ro-man-tic dreams, bro-ken ribs, and a hun-dred prime cit-rons for the throng of cry-ing chil-dren: round and round Mathematics-includes the study of the rug-ged rock the rag-ged ras-cal drags the numbers and magnitudes: hence, it is called strong rhi-noc-e-ros, while a rat in a rat-trap the science of gravity; and is applicable to ran through the rain on a rail, with a rawall quantities, that can be measured-by a lump of red liv-er in its mouth. standard unit, and thus expressed by num144. Written language-is used for com-bers and magnitude. Feeling and thought, municating information respecting persons distant from each other, and for transmitting, to succeeding ages, knowledge, that might otherwise be lost, or handed down by erring tradition. Spoken language-is used to convey the thoughts and feelings of those who are present, and are speaking, or conversing together: the former is, of course, addressed to our eyes, and the latter, to our ears; each kind having its own particular alphabet, which must be mastered. Notes. 1. This vocal trille! diphthongal sound, consis's of the aspirate sound of h, molified between the end of the tongue and the roof of the mouth, combined with a vocal. 2. Or, make the name sound of r, and mix it with the a-pirate, by clapping the tongue against the roof of the mouth; practice prolonging her, or purr in a whisper, trilling the r, then add the voice sound; af terwards prefix the i, and exercise as above. 3. Demosthenes, in the early part of his career, was reproached for not being able to pronounce, correctly, the first letter of his favorite art-Rhetoric: i.e. he could not trill it for some time. 4. Give only one trill or clap of the tongue, unless the sentiment be very animating; asRise-brothers, rise! etc. "Strike! till the last armed foe ex though they vary immensely, cannot be measured: we cannot say, with strict propriety, that we love one-exactly twice as much as another; nor, that one-is three times as wise as another: because love and wisdom are not mathematical quantities: but we can measure time by seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, and centuries; space by inches, feet, yards, rods, and miles; and motion, by the space passed over in a given time. Varieties. 1. Was the world created out of nothing? 2. Fools-draw false conclusions, from just principles: and madmen draw just conclusions, from false principles. 3. The discovery of what is true, and the practice of what is good, are the two most important objects of life. 4. Associations-between persons of opposite temperaments. can neither be durable, nor productive of real pleasure to either party. 5. Where grace cannot enter. sin increases and abounds. 6. The spontaneous gifts of The riven rocks are heaven, are of high value: but perseverance rudely rent asunder, and the rifted trees-gains the prize. 7. When the will-berush along the river, while hoa-ry bo-re-as comes duly resigned to God, in small things, rends the robes of spring, and rat-tling thun- as well as great ones, all the affections will der roars around the rock-y re-gions: Robert be reduced into their proper state, in their Rowley rolled a round roll round; a round proper season. roll, Robert Rowley rolled round; where rolled the round roll, Robert Rowley rolled round! pires." 145. Another. Didst ever see Two gentle vines, each-round the other twined, Into one single tree? The wretch, condemn'd with life to part, And every pang, that rends his heart, Hope, like the glimmering taper's light, |