that one stove would save half the fuel Mr. Y being present, replied, "Sir, I will buy two of them, if you please, and then I shall save the whole." Proverbs. 1. All truths must not be told at 11. Words, I see, are among the principal means used for these important purposes; and they are formed by the organs of voice: these two things, then, demand my first and particular attention, words and voice; words are composed of letters; and the voice, is the all times. 2. A good serrant makes a good maseffect of the proper actions of certain parts of ter. 3. A man in distress, or despair, does an the body, called vocal organs, converting air much as ten. 4. Before you make a friend, eat into sound; which two mighty instruments, a peck of salt with him. 5. Passion-will master words and voice, must be examined analyti-you, if you do not master your passion. 6. Form ally, and synthetically; without which pro---is good, but not formality. 7. Every tub must cess I cannot understand any thing. [A in AT.] 12. The fourth sound of A is short: AT, aft, add; I had rath-er have a bar-rel of as-par-a-gus, than the en-am-el and ag-ate; the ca-bal for-bade the mal-efac-tor his ap-par-el-and javein; Char-i-ty danc'd in the gran-a-ry with Cap-ri-corn; The mal-con-tents pass'd thro' Ath-ens in Feb-ru-ar-y; his cam-els quaff'd the Asphal-tic can-al with fa-cil-i-ty; plas-ter the fal-low-ground after Jan-u-ar-y; the adage an-swers on the com-rade's staff; the plaid tas-sel is man-u-fac-tur'd in France; he at-tack'd the tar-iff with rail-le-ry, of ter he had scath'd the block and tack-le with his ac-id pag-en-try. 13. The more perfect the medium, the better will it subserve the uses of communiration. Now, by analyzing the constituents of words and voice, I can ascertain whether they are in a condition, to answer the varied purposes for which they were given; and fortunately for me, while I am thus analyzing the sounds, of which words are composed, I shall, at the same time, become acquainted with the organs of voice and hearing, and gradually accustom them to the performance of their appropriate duties. 10. stand on its own bottom. 8. First come, first serv'd Friendship-cannot stand all on one side. Idleness is the hot-bed of vice and ignorance 11. He that will steal a pin, will steal a better thing. 12. If you lie upon roses when young, you will lie upon thorns when old. Inas Qualifications of Teachers. much as the nature of no one thing can be understood, without a knowledge of its origin, and the history of its formation, the qualifications of teachers are seen and fell to be so great, as to induce the truly conscientious to exclaim, in view of his duties, "Who is sufficient for these things?" How can we educate the child in a way appropriate to his state and relations, without a knowledge of his mental and physical structure? Is not a knowledge of psychology and physiology as necessary to the educulor, as the knowledge of mechanics is to the maker or repairer of a watch? Who would permit a man even to repair a watch, (much less hire a man to make one,) who had only seen its externals? Alas! how poorly qualified are nine-tenths of our teachers for the stations they occupy! almost totally ignorant of the nature and ori gin of the human mind, and the science of Notes. 1. To give the exact sounds of any of the physiology, which teaches us the structure wowels, take words, in which they are found at the Leginning, and and uses of the bo ly. But how little they proceed as if you were going to pronounce the whole word, but understand their calling, when they suppose top the instant you have produced the vow! sound; and that is the it to be merely a teaching of book-knowledge; true one. 2. Beware of clipping this, or any other sound, er chan, ing it : not, lkn go, you'kn see, they kn come; but, I ear; without any regard to the development of you can see; they en cone. 3. A, ia ate, in verbs, is generally mind and body. A teacher should possess a Ling; but in other parts of speech of more than one syllabic, it is good moral character, and entire self-control; sally short; unless under some accent: as-intimate that to my intimate fri 1; educate that delicate and obstinate chill; he calce a fund of knowledge, and ability to commulates to aggrave the case of his affectionate and unfortunate wife; nicate it; a uniform temper, united with dethe compassionate son melitates how he may alleviate the conditioncision and firmness; a mind to discriminate of his discorsolate mother; vin licate your consulate's honor; deprecate an uaregenerate heart, by importunate prayer; the prelate and primate calculate to regulate the ultimates immediately. 4. Observe-tl at often the sounds of vowels are sometimes modified, changed, by letters immediately preceding or succeeding; which may be seen, as it respects a, for instance, in ren-e-gale, mem-brane, rep-ra-late, can-did-ate, po-ten-tate, night-in-gale, &c.: some having a sight accent on the last syllable; and others having the a preceded, or followed by a vocal consonant: see previous Note 3. 6. A letter is called short, when it cannot be prolonged in Speech, though it can in Song,) without altering its form; and long, when it can be prolonged without such change: therefore, we call a und long, or short, because it is scen and felt to be so: as, coll, bot; pale, mut: in making a long wound the glottis is kept open in initely; al in making a short one, it is el sad suddenly, produ cagan at rupt sound, like some of the consonants. character, and tact to illustrate simply the studies of his pupils; he should be patient and forbearing; pleasant and affectionate, and be capable of overcoming all difliculties, and showing the uses of knowledge. Varieties. 1. If one were as eloquent as an angel, he would please some folks, much more by listening, than by speaking. 2. An tepright politician asks-what recommends a man; a corrupt one-who recommends him. 3. Is any law independent of its maker? 4. Kind words-cost no more than unkind ones Anecdote. Suving Fuel. Some time ago, 5. Is it not better to be wise than rich? 6 when modern stoves were first introduced, The power of emphasis-depends on concen and offered for sale in a certain city, the ven-tration. 7. Manifested wis lom-infera de der remarked, by way of recommending them, sign. 14. There are then, it appears, two kinds 18. That the body may be free, to act in of language; an artificial, or conventional accordance with the dictates of the mind, all language, consisting of words; and a natu- unnatural compressions and contractions must ral language, consisting of tones, looks, ac- be avoided; particularly, cravats and stocks tions, expression, and silence; the former is so tight around the neck, as to interfere with addressed to the eye, by the book, and to the the proper action of the vocal organs, and eur, by speech, and must thus be learned; the the free circulation of the blood; also, tight waistcoats; double lalter--addresses itself to both eye and ear, at er with straps; elevating the feet to a point suspenders, made tight. the same moment, and must be thus acquired, horizontal with, or above, the seat; and so far as they can be acquired. To become lacing, of any description, around the waist, an Elocutionist, I must learn both these lan-impeding the freedom of breathing natural. guages; that of art and science, and that of ly and healthfully. the passions, to be used according to my subject and object. seam-stress; (E in EEL.) Anecdote. True Modesty. When Washington had closed his career, in the French 15. E has two regular sounds; first, and English war, and become a member of Its name sound, or long: the House of Burgesses, in Virginia, the EEL; e-ra, e-vil; nei-ther de-ceive nor in-vei-gle the Speaker was directed, by a vote of the house, the sleek ne-gro to return thanks to him, for the distinguished bleats like a sheep; Ca-sar's services he had rendered the country. As e-dict pre-cedes the e-poch of soon as Washington took his seat, as a memtre-mors; the sheik's beard ber, Speaker Robinson proceeded to discharge stream'd like a me-te-or; the ea-gle shriek'd the duty assigned him; which he did in such his pe-an on the lea; the e-go-tist seemed a manner as to confound the young hero; pleas'd with his ple-na-ry leis-ure to see the who rose to express his acknowledgments: co-te-rie; -ne-as Leigh reads Mo-sheim but such was his confusion, that he was on the e-dile's heath; the peo-ple tre-pann'd speechless; he blushed, stammered, and tremthe fiend for jeer-ing his prem-ier; his liege, bled for a short time; when the Speaker reat the or-gies, gave c-il-iads at my niece,lieved him by saying-"Sit down, Mr. Washwho beat him with her be-som, like a cav-ington; your modesty is equal to your valor; and that-surpasses the power of any language that I possess." a-lier in Greece. 16. Since the body is the grand medium, for communicating feelings and thoughts, (as above mentioned,) I must see to it, that each part performs its proper office, without infringement, or encroachment. By observation and experience, I perceive that the mind uses certain parts for specific purposes; that the larynx is the place where vocal sounds are made, and that the power to produce them, is derived from the comLined action of the abdominal and dorsal muscles. Both body and mind are rendered healthy and strong, by a proper use of all their organs and faculties. Proverbs. 1. A blythe heart makes a blooming visage. 2. A deed done has an end. 3. A great city, a great solitude 4. Desperate cutsmust have desperate cures. 5. All men are not men. 6. A stumble-may prevent a fall. 7. A fool always comes short of his reckoning. 8. Beggare must not be choosers. 9. Better late, than never. is lost in a good market. 12. All is well, that ends 10. Birds of a feather flock together. 11. Nothing well. 13. Like priest, like people. Varieties. 1. The triumphs of truth-are 17. Irregular Sounds. I and Y often the most glorious, because they are bloodless; have this sound; as-an-fique, ton-tine; the deriving their highest lustre-from the numpo-lice of the bas-lile seized the man-da-rin ber of the saved, instead of the slain. 2. Wisfor his ca-price at the mag-a-zine; the u-dom-consists in employing the best means, nique fi-nan-cier, fa-tigued with his bom-ba- to accomplish the most important ends. 3. zine va-lise, in his re-treat from Mo-bile, lay He, who would take you to a place of vice, or by the ma-rines in the ra-vine, and ate ver- immorality, is not your real friend. 4. If di-gris to re-lieve him of the cri-tique. Sheri- gratitude-is due from man-to man, how dan, Walker and Perry say, yea yea, much more, from man-to his Maker! 5. and nay nay, making the e long; but Johnson, En-Arbitrary power-no man can either give, or tick, Jamieson and Webster, and the author, hold; even conquest cannot confer it: hence, pronounce yea as if spelled yay. Words de law, and arbitrary power-are at eternal enrived immediately from the French, according mity. 6. They who take no delight in virto the genius of that language, are accented tue, cannot take any-either in the employon the last syllables;-ca-price, fa-ligue, poments, or the inhabitants of heaven. 7. Belice, &c. ware of violating the laws of Life, and you will always be met in mercy, and not in judgment. Sorrow-treads heavily, and leaves behind The calm of that old reverend brow, the glow Notes. 1. To make this sount of E, arop the under jaw 19. Taving examined the structure of the body, I see the necessity of standing, at open the mouth wide, as indicated by the engraving, so as to prevent it from becoming in the least nasal. 2. E, in ent, ence, and first, on the left foot, and the right foot a ess, generally has this sound; tho' sometimes it slides into short few inches from it, (where it will naturally u. 3. When e precedes two r's (rr,) it should always have this fall, when raised up,) and pointing its heel sound: as err, er-ror, mer-it, cher-ry, wher-ry: but when followed toward the hollow of the left foot; of throw-by only one r, it glides into short u, tho' the under jaw should be ing the shoulders back, so as to protrude the hest, that the air may have free access to the air cells of the lungs; of having the upper part of the body quiescent, and the mind concentrated on the lower muscles, until they act voluntarily. much depressed: as the merchant heard the clerk calling on the 20. The second sound of E is short: heaven, he was often taken and shaken till he was softened and [E in ELL] ri-pened seven, e-leven or a doz-en times. 5. The long vowels are open and continumus; the short ones are shut, abrupt, or discrete, and end as soon as made. ELL; edge, en; the dem-ocrat's cq-ni-page was a leath-" er eph-od; the es-quire leap'd Anecdote. A lawyer, to avenge himself from a ped-es-tal into a ket on an opponent, wrote "Rascal" in his hat. 'tle of eggs; a lep-er clench'd The owner of the hat took it up, looked ruethe eph-a, zeal-ous of the eb-on fully into it, and turning to the judge, exfeath-er, and held it stead-y; get the non-pa-reil weap-ons for the rec- claimed, “I claim the protection of this honon-dite her-o-ine; the ap-pren-tice for-gets orable court;-for the opposing counsel has the shek-els lent the deaf prel-ate for his written his name in my hat, and I have strong her-o-ine; the clean-ly leg-ate held the tep- suspicion that he intends to make off with it." id mead-ow for a spe-cial home-stead; ster- Proverbs. 1. Make both ends meet. 2. Fair e-o-type the pref-ace to the ten-ets as a prel-play-is a jewel. 3. Proverbs existed before books. ude to our ed-i-ble re-tro-spec-tions; yester-day I guess'd the fet-id yeast es-caped with an ep-i-sode from the ep-ic into the pet-als of the sen-na; the pres-age is impress'd on his ret-i-na in-stead of the keg of phlegm. All blood is alike ancient. 5. Beauty—is only skin deep. 6. Handsome is, that handsome does. 7. One fool makes many. 8. Give every one his due. 9. No rose without a thorn. 10. Always have a few marims on hand for change. Sublimity and Pathos. As weak lights 21. In these peculiar exercises of voice--are obscured, when surrounded by the dazare contained all the elements, or principles of articulation, accent, emphasis and expres sion; and, by their aid, with but little exertion, I shall be enabled to economize my breath. for protracted vocal efforts, and impart all that animation, brilliancy and force, that reading, speaking and singing ever require. zling rays of the sun, so, sublimity, poured around on every side, overshadows the artifices of rhetoric: the like of which occurs in painting; for, tho' the light and shade, lie near each other, on the same ground, yet, the light first strikes the eye, and not only appears projecting, but much nearer. Thus, 22. Irregulars. A, I, U, and Y, some- too, in composition, the sublime and pathetic times have this sound: as-an-y, or man-y-being nearer our souls, on account of some pan-e-gyr-ists of Mar-y-land said,-the bury-ing ground a-gainst the world; says the tan-cet to the trum-pet-get out of my way -gain, else the bur-i-al ser-vice will be said over you in the black-ness of dark-ness; there is sick-ness in the base-ment of our plan-et, from the use of as-sa-fœt-i-da, in-stead of herrings: never say sus-pect for ex-pect, businiss for busi-ness, pay-munt for pay-ment, nor gar-munts for gar-ments. 23. As much depends on the quality of which any thing is made, I must attend to the manner, in which these sounds are produced, and see that they are made just right; each having its appropriate weight, form, and quantity. Taking the above position, and opening the mouth wide, turning my lips a little out all round, trumpet fashion, and keeping my eyes on a horizontal level, and inhaling full breaths, I will expel these sixteen vowel sounds into the roof of my mouth, with a suddenness and force similar to the crack of a thong, or the sound of a gun. An ape is an ape, a varlet-is a varlet, natural connection and superior splendor, are always more conspicuous than figures; they conceal their art, and keep themselves veiled from our vierd. Sonnds. 1. The whole sound made is not in the whole air only; but the whole sound is in every particle of air: hence, all sound will enter a small cranny unconfused. 2. At too great a distance, one may hear sounds of the voice, but not the words. 3. One articulate sound confounds another; as when many speak at once. 4. Articulation requires a mediocrity of loudness. Varieties. 1. See how we apples swim 2. He carries two faces. 3. Strain at a gate and swallow a saw-mill. 4. Who is the true gentleman? He whose actions make him. such. 5. A sour countenance is a manifest sign of a froward disposition. 6. Speak-as you mean; do—as you profess, and perform what you promise. 7. To be ás nothing, is an exalted state the omnipotence of the heavens-exists in the truly humbled heart Whatever way you wend, Consider well the end. 2. 24. I observe that there are three distinct | Proverbs. 1. A crowd, is not company. principles involved in oral words, which A drowning man will catch at a straw. 3. Half are their essences, or vowel sounds; their a loaf is better than no bread. 4. An ill workforms, or the consonants attached to them, man quarrels with his tools. 5. Better be alone and their meaning, or uses. By a quick, than in bad company. 6. Count not your chickcombined action of the lower muscles upon ens before they are hatched. their contents, the diaphragm is elevated so business, is nobody's business. 8. Fools-make 7. Every body's as to force the air, or breath. from the lungs feasts, and wise men eat them. 9. He that will into the windpipe, and through the larynx, not be counselled, cannot be helped. 10. If it were where it is converted into vowel sounds; not for hope, the heart would break. 11. Kindwhich, as they pass out through the mouth,ness will creep, when it cannot walk. 12. Oil and the glottis, epiglottis, palate, tongue, teeth, truth will get uppermost at last. lips, and nose, make into words. 25. I has two regular sounds: First, its NAME sound or long: ISLE; ire, i-o-dine: Gen-tiles o-blige their wines to lie for sac-charine li-lacs to ex-pe-dite their feline gibes; the ob-lique grind stone lies length-wise on the ho improvement of the present day, that the ac General Intelligence. It is a signal tions and reactions of book-learning, and of general intelligence-are so prompt, so intense, and so pervading all ranks of society. The moment a discovery is made, a principle demonstrated, or a proposition advanced, part of the world; it finds, immediately, a through the medium of the press, in every host, numberless as the sands of the sea, prepared to take it up, to canvass, confirm, refute, or pursue it. At every water-fall, on the line of every canal and rail-road, in the counting-room of every factory and mercan lile establishment; on the quarter-deck of ri-zon; a tiny le-vi-a-than, on [I in ISLE.] the heights of the en-vi-rons of Ar-gives, a-pires to sigh through the mi-cro-scope; the e-dile likes spike-nard for his he-li-acal ti-a-ra; the mice, in tri-ads, hie from the aisle, si-ne di-e, by a vi-va vo-ce vote; the bi-na-ry di-gest of the chrys-ta-line ma-gi, was hir'd by the choir, as a si-ne-cure, for ■ li-vre. 26. These vocal gymnastics produce as-every ship that navigates the high seas; on tonishing power and flexibility of voice, making it strong, clear, liquid, musical and governable; and they are as healthful as they are useful and amusing. As there is only one straight course to any point, so, there is but one right way of doing any thing, and every thing. If I wish to do any thing well, I must first learn how; and if Ition, not less than in the professed retreats of hegin right, and keep so, every step will learning, there is an intellect to seize, to carry me forward in accomplishing my ob- weigh, and to appropriate the suggestions, jects. whether they belong to the world of science, of tenets, or of morals. Notes. 7, in some words, has this sound; particularly, the farm of every intelligent husbandman; in the workshop of every skillful mechanic ; at the desk of every school-master; in the office of the lawyer; in the study of the physician and clergyman; at the fireside of every man who has the elements ‹ a good educa when accented, and at the end of certain nouns and veris: the ly. Varieties. 1. Ought women be allowed œ-um's al·ly proph-e-ey to the dy-nas-ty to mag-ni-fy other's faults, to vote? 2. Nothing is troublesome, that we but min-i-fy its own. 2. This first dip-thongal sound begins warty like 21 A, as the engraving indicates, and ends with the do willingly. 3. There is a certain kind of name sound of e(a~e.) 3. I is not used in any purely English word pleasure in weeping; grief-is soothed and as a final letter; y being its representative in such a position. 4. alleviated, by tears. 4. Labor hard in the When I commences a word, and is in a syllable by itself, if the ac-field of observation, and turn every thing to a gent be on the succeeding syllable, it is generally long: as, i-de-a, good account. 5. What is a more lovely sight, i-den-ti-fy, i-dol-a-try, 1-ras-ci-ble, 1-ron-i-cal, i-tal-ic, i-tin-e-rant, c. It is long in the first syllables of vi-tal-i-ty, di-am-e-ter, di- than that of a youth, growing up under the aal, di-lem-ma, bi-en-ni-al, cri-te-ri-on, chi-me-ra, bi-og-ra-phy, li-heavenly influence of goodness and truth? en-tious, gi-gan-tic, pri-me-val, vi-bra-tion, kr. 5. In words de rived from the Greek and Latin, the prefixes bi, (twice,) and tri, Chrice,) the Iis generally long. Anecdote. Seeing a Wind. "I never www such a wind in all my life," said a man, during a severe storm, as he entered a temperance hotel. "Saw a wind!" observed another," What did it look like?" "Like!" said the traveller, "why, like to have blown my hat off." ON A MUMMY. Why should this worthless tegumen!—endure, 6. To speak ill, from knowledge, shows a To me, tho' bath'd in sorrow's dew, I lov'd thee, when thy woes were few: That face, in joy's bright hour, was fair Tho' somewhat pole thy brow; Proverbs. 1. A thousand probabilities wi not make one truth. 2. A hand-saw is a good 87. Articulation is the cutting out and Anecdote. Accommodating. A Physishaping, in a perfectly distinct and appro- cian-advertised, that at the request of his priate manner, with the organs of speech, friends, he had moved near the church-yard; all the simple and compound sounds which and trusted that his removal would accoinour twenty-six letters represent. It is to modate many of his patients. No doubt of it. the ear what a fair hand-writing is to the eye, and relates, of course, to the sounds, not to the names, of both vowels and consonants. It depends on the exact positions and correct operations, of the vocal powers, and on the ability to vary them with rapidity, precision and effect: thus, articulation is purely an intellectual act, and belongs not to any of the brute creation. thing, but not to shave with. 3. Gentility, with out ability, is worse than beggary. 4. A mar may talk like a wise man, and yet act like a fool. 5. If we would succeed in any thing, we must use the proper means. 6. A liar should have a good memory. 7. Charity begins at home, but does 28. The second sound of I is short: not end there. 8. An ounce of mother wit is [1 in ILL.] IL; inn, imp; the ser-vile 1-ble. 29. Two grand objects are, to correct bad nabits, and form good ones; which may be done by the practice of analysis and synthesis: that is, taking compound sounds, syllables, words, and sentences into pieces; or, resolving them into their component parts, and then recombining, or putting them together again. Error must be eradicated, er truth cannot be received; we must cease to do evil, and learn to do well: what is true can be received only in proportion as its opposite false is removed. worth a pound of learning. 9. Short reckonings make long friends. 10. Custom is the plague of wise men, and the idol of fools. 11. Every one knows best where his own shoe pinches. A faint heart never won a fair lady. Freedom. When freedom is spoken of, every one has an idea of what is meant ; for every one has known what it is to live in freedom, and also what it is to live, and ac: under restraint. But then it is obvious that different persons feel in freedom, according to circumstances; things which restrain and infringe upon the freedom of some, have no such effect upon others. So that in the same situation in which one would feel free, another would feel himself in bondage. Hence, it is evident that tho' all have a general idea of what freedom is, yet all have not the same idea of it. For the same circumstances, it follows, that freeas different persons would not all be free in dom itself is not the same thing to all. Of course, the kinds of freedom are as many and various as the kinds of love are by which we are all governed; and our freedom is genuine or not genuine, according as our ruling love is good or evil. Varieties. 1. Did you ever consider how many millions of people-live, and die, igno30. Irregulars. A, E, O, U, and Y, in a rant of themselves and the world? 2. Stinfew words, have this sound: as-the hom-age giness soon becomes a confirmed habit, and given to pret-ty wom-en has been the rich-est increases with our years. 3. The man, who bus-'ness of pet-ty tyr-an-ny, since the English is just, and firm in his purpose, cannot be proph-e-cy of Py-thag-o-rus; the styg-i-an fur-shaken in his determined mind, either by nace of bus-y Wal-lace, in Hon-ey al-ley, is a threats or promises. 4. By continually sco med-ley of pyr-i-tes, and the treb-le cyn-o-sure ding children and domestics, for small faults, of cyg-nets, kys-sop, and syn-o-nyms. 1. Beware of Mr. Walker's error, in giving the they finally become accustomed to it, and de☛und of long E to the final unaccented I and Y of syllables and spise the reproof. 5. Good books-are not words, which is always short: as,-as-per-ce-tee, for as-per-i-ty, only a nourishment to the mind, but they en mce-nor-ee-tee, for mi-norty; char-ee-tee for charity; pos-see-lighten and expand it. 6. Why do we turn L-ee-tee, for pos-si-bil-i-ty, &c. 2. Some give the short sound of I in the unaccented syllables of-ad-age, cab-bage, pos-tage, Lon-dage, usage, &c., which is agreeable to the authorities, and to give the a as in af, savors of affectation. 3. I is silent in evil, deval, cousin, basín, &c. 4. 1, in final unaccented syllables, not Notes. ending a word, is generally short; si-mil-i-tude, fi-del-i-ty, miJor-i-ty. A bark, at midnight, sent alone To drift upon a moonless sea,— Is like what I am-wi hout thee. from those living in this world, to those who have left it, for the evidences of genuine love? 7. All principles love their nearest relatives, and seek fellowship and conjunction with them. There are some bosoms-dark and drear, |