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410. DELIVERY - addresses itself to the mind through two mediums, the eye and the ear: hence, it naturally divides itself into two parts, voice and gesture; both of which must be sedulously cultivated, under the guidance of proper feeling, and correct thought. That style is the best, which is the most transparent; hence the grand aim of the elocutionist should be-perfect transparency; and when this part is attained, he will be listened to with pleasure, be perfectly understood, and do justice to his subject, his powers, and his audience.

Proverbs. 1. Constant occupation-shuts out temptation. 2. A flatterer-is a most dangerous enemy. 3. Unless we aim at perfection, we shall never attain it. 4. They who love the longest, love the best. 5. Pleasure-is not the rule for rest, but for health. 6. The President is but the head-servant of the people. 7. Knowledge—is not truly ours, till we have given it away. 8. Our debts, and our sins, are generally greater than we suppose. 9. Some folks-are like snakes in the grass. 10. He-injuries the good, who spares the bad. 11. Beauty will neither feed or clothe us 12. Woman's work is never done.

Anecdote. What for? After the close of the Revolutionary war, the king of Great Britain--ordered a thanksgiving to be kept throughout the kingdom. A minister of the gospel inquired of him, "For what are we to give thanks? that your majesty has lost thirteen of your best provinces?" The king answered, "No." "Is it then, that your majesty has lost one hundred thousand lives of your best subjects ?" "No, no!" said the king. "Is it then, that we have expended, and lost, a hundred millions of money, and for the defeat and tarnishing of your majesty's arms 2" "No such thing," said the king pleasantly. "What then, is the object of the thanksgiving?" "Oh, give thanks that it is

no worse."

411. YOUNG GENTLEMEN,-(said William Wirt,) you do not, I hope, expect from me, an oration for display. At my time of life, and worn down, as I am, by the toils of a laborious profession, you can no longer look for the spirit and buoyancy of youth. SPRING is the season for flowers; but I-am in the autumn of life, and you will, I hope, accept from me, the fruits of my EXPERIENCE, in lieu of the more showy, but less substantial blossoms of SPRING. I could not have been tempted hither, for the puerile purpose of DISPLAY. My visit has a much graver motive and object. It is the hope of making some suggestions, that may be serviceable in the journey of life, that is before you; of calling into action some dorVarieties. 1. Who does not see, in Ce mant energy; of pointing your exertions to sar's Commentaries, the radical elements of some attainable end of practical utility; in the present French character? 2. "A man," short, the hope of contributing, in some says Oliver Cromwell, “ never rises so high, small degree, towards making you happier as when he knows not whither he is going." in yourselves, and more useful to your 3. The virtue, that ruin persons affect to descountry. pise, might have saved them; while the beau412. The conversational-must be deliv-ty, they so highly prized, is the cause of their ered in the most natural, easu, familiar, dis tinct, and agreeable manner; the narrative and didactive, with a clear and distinct articulation, correct emphasis, proper inflections, and appropriate modulations; because, it is not so much your object to excite the affections, as to inform the understanding: the argumentative, and reasoning, demand great deliberation, slowness, distinctness, frequent pauses, candor, strong emphasis and occasional vehemence. No one can become a good reader and speaker, without much practice and many failures.

Pioneers. The " eccentric" man-is generally the pioneer of mankind, cutting his way the first-into the gloomy depths of unexplored science, &coming difficulties, that would check meaner spirits, and then--holding up the light of his knowledge-to guide thousands, who, but for him, would be wan dering about in all the uncertainty of ignorance, or be held ir ne fetters of some selfish policy, which they had not, of themselves -the energy to throw off.

"I'is not in folly-not to scorn a fool,

And scarce in human wisdom-to do more.

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ruin. 4. He, who flatters, without design-
ing to benefit by it, is a fool; and whoever
encourages that flattery, that has sense
enough to see through, is a vain coxcomb. 5.
The business of the teacher--is not so much
to communicate knowledge to the pupil, as
to set him to thinking, and show him how
to educate himself; that is, he must rather
teach him the way to the fountain, than car-
ry him to the water. 6. Many buy cheap,
and sell dear; i. e. make as good bargains as
they can; which is a trial of skill, between
two knaves, to see which shall overreach the
other; but honest men set their price and
adhere to it. 7. If you put a chain round
the neck of a slave, the other end fastens it
self around your own.

Would you then learn to dissipate the band
Of these huge threatening difficulties dire,
That, in the weak man's way--like lions stand,
His soul appal, and damp his rising, fire?
Resolve, resolve, and to be men aspite.
Exert that noblest privilege, alone,

Here to mankind indulged: control desire;
Let goditke reason, from her sovereign throne,
Speak the commanding word-I will, and it is dom

413. EARNESTNESS OF MANNER-is of Proverbs. 1. People generally love truth vital importance in sustaining a transparent more than goodness; knowledge more than holi 2. Never magnanimity--fell to the ground. style; and this must be imbibed internally, ness. and felt with all the truth and certainty of 3. He, who would gather immortal palms, must nature. By proper exercises on these prin- not be hindered by the name of goodness, but ciples, a person may acquire the power of must explore--if it be goodness. 4. No author passing, at will, from grave to gay, and from was ever written down, by any but himself. 5. Better be a nettle in the side of your friend, than tively to severe, without confounding one his echo. 6. Surmise is the gossumer, that malics with the other: there are times, however, blows on fair reputation; the corroding dew, that when they may be united; as in the humor destroys the choicest blossoms. 7. A genera tus and pathetic, together. prostration of morals-must be the inevitable result of the diffusion of bad principles. 8. To know is one thing; and to do-is another. 9. Candor-lends an open ear to all men. 10. Art -is never so beautiful, as when it reflects the philosophy of religion and of man.

Breathes there a man with soul so dead,
Who never, to himself hath said,
"This is my own, my native land ?"
Whose heart-hath ne'er within him burned,
As home-his footsteps he hath turned,
From wandering on a foreign strand?
If suck there breathe, go mark him well:
For him, no minstrel raptures swell;
High tho' his titles, powers, or pelf.
The wretch-concentred all in self,
Living--shall forfeit fair renown,
And, doubly dying, shall go down
To the vile dust, from whence he sprung,
Unwept'd, unhonored, and unsung.

414. The following are the terms usually applied to style, in writing, and also in speaking; each of which has its distinctive characteristics; though all of them have something in common. Bombastic, dry, elegant, epistolary, flowing, harsh, laconic, lofty, loose, terse, tumid, verbose. There are also styles of occasion, time, place, &c.: such as the style of the bar, of the legislature, and of the pulpit; also the dramatic style, comedy, (high and low,) farce and tragedy.

We cannot honor our country-with too deep a reverence; we cannot love her-with an affection too pure and fervent; we cannot serve her-with an energy of purpose, or a faithfulness of zeal-too steadfast and ar dent. And what is our country? It is not the East, with her hills and her valleys, with her countless sails, and the rocky ramparts of her shores. It is not the North, with her thousand villages, and her harvest-home, with her frontiers of the lake, and the ocean. It is not the West, with her forest-sea, and her inland isles, with her luxuriant expanses, clothed in the verdant corn; with her beautiful Ohio, and her majestic Missouri. Nor is it yet the South, opulent in the mimic snow of the cotton, in the rich plantations of the rustling cane, and in the golden robes of the rice-field. What are these, but the sister

families of one greater, better, holier family, OUR COUNTRY?

VARIETIES.

Illiterate and selfish people, are often opposed to persons traveling through the country, to lecture on any subject whatever; and Give thy thoughts no tongue, especially, on such as the grumblers are ig- Nor any unproportioned thought his act. norant of. But are not books and newspa- Be thou familiar; but by no means vulgar. pers, itinerants too! In olden time, the wor- The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, shipers of the goddess Diana, were violently Grapple them to thy soul, with hooks of steel; opposed to the Apostles; because, thro' their But do not dull thy palm-with entertainment preaching of the cross, their craft was in Of ev'ry new hatch'd, unfledg'd comrade. Beware danger. The liberally educated, and those of entrance into quarrel! but, being in, who are in favor of a universal spread of Bear it, that the opposer--may beware of thee. knowledge, are ready to bid them "God Give every man thine car, but few thy voice, [ment. speed," if they and their subject are praise-Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judg Costly thy habit--as thy purse can buy, worthy. But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy. For the apparel-oft proclaims the man. Neither a borrower, nor a lender be; For loan-oft loses both itself and friend, And borrowing--dulls the edge of husbandry. This above all--to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day. Thou canst not, then-le false to any man. Dare to be true-nothing-can need a lie; The fault that needs it-grows two-thereby. What do you think of marriage?

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Anecdote. A Kingly Dinner in Nature's Palace. Cyrus, king of Persia, was to dine with one of his friends; and, on being asked to name the place, and the viands with which he would have his table spread, he replied, Prepare the banquet at the side of the river, and let one loaf of bread be the only dish." Bright, as the pillar, rose at Heaven's command: When Israel-marched along the desert land, Blazed through the night-on lonely wilds afar, And told the path,-a never-setting star; So, heavenly Genius, in thy course divine, Hope-is thy star, her light--is ever thine.

I take it, as those that deny purgatory;
It focally contains or heaven or hell;
There is no third place in it.

Laconies. 1. God has given us vocal organs, and reason to use them. 2. True gesture—is the language of nature, and makes its way to the heart, without the utterance of a single word. 3. Coarseness and vulgarity-are the cffects of a bad education; they cannot be chargeable to nature 4. Close observation, and an extensive knowledge of human nature alone, will enable one to adapt describes what the object is in itself: poetry-what it inspires or suggests: one-represents the visible, the other-both the visible and the invisille. 6. It is uncandid self-will, that condemns without a hearing. 7. The mind-wills to be free; and tas signs of the tines-proclaim the approach of its

415. Beware of a slavish attention to rules; for nothing should supercede Nature, who knows more than Art; therefore, let her stand in the foreground, with art for her servant. Emotion-is the soul of oratory: one flash of passion on the cheek, one beam of feeling from the eye, one thrilling note of sensibility from the tongue, one stroke of hearty emphasis from the arm, have infinite-himself to all sorts of character. 5. Paindingly more value, than all the rhetorical rules and flourishes of ancient or modern times. The great rule is-BE IN EARNEST. This is what Demosthenes more than intimated, in te declaring, that the most important tag in eloquence, was action. There will be no execution without fire.

Whoever kinks, must see, that man-was made
To face the storm, not languish in the shade;
Action-his sphere, and, for that sphere designed,
Eternal pleasures--open on his mind.
For this--fair hope--leads on th' impassioned soul,
Through life's wild labyrinth-to her distant goal:
Paints, in each dream, to fan the genial flame,
The poinp of riches, and the pride of fame;
Or, fondly gives reflection's cooler eye,
A glance, an image, of a future sky.

restoration.

Woman. The right education of this sex is of the utmost importance to human life. There is nothing, that is more desirable for the common good of all the world; since, as they are mothers and mistresses of families, they have for some time the care of the cducation of their children of both sorts; they are intrusted with that, which is of the greatest consequence to human life. As the health and strength, or weakness of our bodies. Notes. The standard for propriety, and force, in public is very much owing to their methods of speaking is-to speak just as one would naturally express himself treating us when we were young; so-the in earnest conversation in private company. Such shoull we all soundness or folly of our minds is not less do, if left to ourselves, and early pains were not taken to substitute owing to their first tempers and ways of an artificial method, for that which is natural. Beware of in-thinking, which we eagerly received from gining that you must read in a different way, with different tones

and cadences, from that of common speaking.

Anecdote. The severity of the laws of Draco, is proverbial; he punished all sorts of crime, and even idleness, with death: hence, De-ma-des said-He writes his laws, not with ink-but with blood." On being asked why he did so, he replied, that the smallest crime deserved death, and that there was not a greater punishment he could find out, for greater crimes.

the love, tenderness, authority, and constant conversation of our mothers. As we call our first language our mother-tongue, so~we may as justly call our first tempers our mother-tempers; and perhaps it may be found more easy to forget the language, than to part entirely with those tempers we learned in the nursery. It is, therefore, to be lamented, that the ser, on whom so much depends, who have the first forming both of our bodies and our minds, are not only ednMiscellaneous. 1. Envy-is the daugh-cated in pride, but in the silliest and most ter of pride, the author of revenge and murder, the beginning of secret sedition and the perpetual tormentor of virtue; it is the filthy shime of the soul, a venom, a poison, that consumeth the flesh, and drieth up the marrow of the bones. 2. What a pity it is, that there are so many quarter and half men and women, who can take delight in gossip, because they are not great enough for any thing else.

Were I so tali-as to reach the pole,
And grasp the ocean-with a span,
I would be measured-by my soul,
The mind's-the standard of the man.
4. What is the difference between loving
the minds, and the persons of our friends?
5. How different is the affection, the thought,
action, form and manners of the male, from
the affection. thought, action, form and man-
zers of the female.

Then farewell,-I'd rather make
My bed-upon some icy lake,
When thawing suns-begin to shine,
Than trust a love-as false as thine.
The stomach-hath no ears.

contemptible part of it. Girls are indulged in great vanity; and mankind seem to consider them in no other view than as so many painted idols, who are to allure and gratify their passions.

Varieties. 1. Was England-justifi¿
in her late warlike proceeding against Chi-
na? 2. Fit language there is none, for the
heart's deepest things. 3. The honor of a
maid-is her name; and no legacy is so rich
as honesty. 4. O, how bitter a thing it is
to look into happiness—thro' another's eyes.
Ungrateful man, with liquorish draughts,
And morsels unctuous, grenses his pure mind,
That from it-all consideration slips.
To persist

In doing wrong, extenuates not wrong,
But makes it much more heavy.
He cannot be a perfect man,
Not being tried or tutored in the world:
Experience is by industry achieved,
And perfected by the swift course of time
A confused report--passed thro' my ears;
But, full of hurry, like a morning dream,
It vanished-in the business of the day.

thing to do, than in having much to do. 6. The

best throw of the dice-is to throw the.n away. 7.

Virtue, that parleys, is near the surrender. 8. The

416. THE DECLAMATORY AND HORTA- Proverbs. 1. The more-women look into FORY-indicate a deep interest for the per- their glasses, the less-they attend to their houses. sons addressed, a horror of the evil they are 2. Works, and no words, are the proof of love. 3. entreated to avoid, and an exalted estimate There is no better looking-glass, than a true friend. of the goo, they are exhorted to pursue. When we ol ey our superiors, we instruct our The exhibition of the strongest feeling, re-inferiors. 5. There is more trouble in having noquires such a degree of self-control, as, in the very torrent, tempest and whirlwind of passion, possesses a temperance to give it smoothness. The DRAMATIC sometimes calls for the exercise of all the vocal and mental powers: hence, one must consider the character represented, the circumstances under which he acte i, the state of feeling he possessed, and every thing pertaining to the scene with which he was connected.

spirit of truth-dwelleth in meekness. 9. Resist a temptation, till you conquer it. 10. Plain dealing is a jewel.

Anecdote. Faithful unto Death. When the venerable Polycarp- was tempted by Herod, the proconsul, to deny, and blaspheme the LORD JESUS CHRIST, he answered,"Eighly and six years-have I served my 417. ROLLA'S ADDRESS TO THE PERU- LORD and SAVIOR,-and in all that timeVIANS. My brave associates-partners-of he never did me any injury, but always my toil, my feelings, and my fime! Can good; and therefore, I cannot, in conscience, Rolla's words-add vigor-to the virtuous reproach my KING and my REDEEMER." energies, which inspire your hearts? No; A Wife; not an Artist. When a man you have judged as I have, the foulness of of sense comes to marry, it is a companion he the crafty plea, by which these bold invaders wants, and not an artist. It is not merely a would delude you. Your generous spirit creature who can paint, and play, and sing, has compared, as mine has, the motives, and dance. It is a being who can comfort which, in a war like this, can animate their and counsel him; one who can reason and minds and ours. They, by a strange frenzy | reflect, and feel and judge, and discourse and driven, fight for power, for plunder, and ex- discriminate; one who can assist him in his tended rule; we, for our country, our allars, affairs, lighten his sorrows, purify his joys, and our homes. They-follow an adventur- strengthen his principles and educate his childer, whom they fear, and obey a power, which ren. Such is the woman who is fit for a mothey hate; we serve a monarch whom we ther, and the mistress of a family. A woman love,-a God, whom we adore. Whene'er of the former description may occasionally they move in anger, desolation-tracks their figure in a drawing-room, and excite the adprogress! Whene'er they pause in amity, miration of the company; but is entirely affliction-mourns their friendship. They unfit for a helpmate to man, and to train up boast, they come but to improve our state, a child in the way he should go. enlarge our thoughts, and free us from the Varieties. 1. He, who is cautious and yoke of error! Yes-they will give enlight-prudent, is generally secure from many danened freedom to our minds, who are them- gers, to which many others are exposed. 2 selves the slaves of passion, avarice, and pride. A foot may ask more questions in an hour They offer us their protection. Yes, such than a wise man may answer in seven years protection-as vultures-give to limbs-3. The manner in which words are delivered covering, and devouring them. They call contribute mainly to the effects they are to on us to barter all of good, we have inherited produce, and the importance which is attach and proved, for the desperate chance of some-ed to them. 4. Shall this greatest of free nathing better, which they promise. Be our tions be the best? 5. One of the greatest plain answer this: The throne-we honor obstacles to knowledge and excellence, is in-is the people's choice; the laurs we reverdolence. 6. One hour's sleep before midnight, ence-are our brave fathers' legacy; the faith is worth two afterward. 7. Science, or learn we follow-teaches us to live in bonds of cha-ing, is of little use, unless guided by good rily with all mankind, and die- with hope of bliss--beyond the grave. Tell your invaders this, and tell them too, we seek no change; and, least of all, such change as they would bring us.

GAMBLING.

Oh! vice accursed, that lur'st thy victim on
With specious smiles, and false deluding hopes-
Stiles-that destroy, and hopes-that bring despair,
Infatuation-dangerous and destructive,

Pleasure inost visionary, if delight, how transient!
Prelude of horror, anguish, and dismay!

sense.

Men-use a different speech-in different climes,
But Nature hath one voice, and only one.
Her wandering moon, her stars, her gollen run,
Her woods and waters, in all lands and times,
In one deep song proclaim the wondrous story.
They tell it to each other-in the sky,
Upon the winds they send it-unding high,
Jehovah's wislom, goodness, power, and glory.
I hear it come from mountain, cliff, and tree,
Ten thousand voices-in one voice united;
On every side-the song encircles me,

The whole round world reveres-and is delighted.
Ah! why, when heaven-and earth-lift up their voice,
Ah! why should man alone, ne : wurship, nor rejou &?

418. The merging of the Diatonic Scale Laconics. 1. A..y violation of law--is a in the Musical Steff, as some have done in breach of morality. 2. Music, in all its variety, elocution, is evidently incorrect; for then, the is essentially one: and so is speech, tho' infinitely exact pitch of voice is fired, and all must diversified. 3. Literary people-are often unpleas take that pitch, whether it be in accordance ant companions in mixed society; because they have not always the power of adapting themwith the voice, or not. But in the simple di-selves to others. 4. It is pedantry-to introduce atonic scale, as here presented, each one foreign words into our language, when we have takes his lowest natural note for his fonic, or pure English words to express all that the exotics key-note, and then, passes to the medium contain; with the advantage of being intelligible range of pitches. Different voices are often to every one. 5. Whatever is merely artificial, is reyed on different pitches; and to bring unnatural; which is opposed to general eloquence. them all to the same pitch, is as arbitrary as 6. There can be no great advances made, in genProcruste's bedstead, according to Hudribras: uine scientific truth, without well regulated affec tions. 7. We can be almost anything we choose; "This iron bedstead, they do fetch, if we will a thing to be done, no matter how high To try our hopes upon; the aim, success is nearly certain.

If we're too short, we must be stretch'd,
Cut off-if we're too long."

Beware of all racks; be natural, or nothing.
What the weak head-with strongest bias rules.
Is (6) PRIDE; the never-failing vice of fools.
A soul, without reflection, like a pile,
Without inhabitant-to ruin runs.

Wit-is fine language-to advantage dressed;
Better often thought, bat ne'er so well expressed.
Our needful knowledge, like our needful food,
Unhedged, lies open-in life's common field,
And bids ALL-welcome-to the vital feast.
Let sense-be ever in your view;
Nothing is lovely, that is not true.
419. SUGGESTIONS. Let the pupils me-
morize any of the proverbs, laconics, max-
ims, or questions, and recite them on occa-
sions like the following: when they first as-
semble in the school-room; or, meet together
in a social circle: let them also carry on a
kind of conversation, or dialogue with them,
and each strive to get one appropriate to the
supposed state, character, &c. of another: or
use them in a variety of ways, that their in-
genuity may suggest.

Pride. There is no passion so universal, or that steals into the heart more imperceptibly, and covers itself under more disguises, than pride; and yet, there is not a single view of human nature, which is not sufficient to extinguish in us all the secret seeds of pride, and sink the conscious soulto the lowest depths of humility.

Anecdote. Sterling Integrity. In 1778, while congress was sitting in Philadelphia, frequent attempts were made, by the British officers, and agents, to bribe several of the members. Governor Johnstone-authorized

the following proposal, to be made to Col. Joseph Reed: "That if he would engage his interest to promote the objects of the British, he should receive THIRTY THOUSAND DOLLARS, and any office in the colonies, in his majesty's gift. Col. Reed-indignantly replied, "I am not worth purchasing; but such as I am, the king of Great Britain is uot rich enough to buy me."

Anger. Of all passions-there is not one so extravagant and outrageous as this; other passions solicit and mislead us: but thisruns away with us by force, hurries us as well to our own, as to another's ruin: it often falls upon the wrong person, and discharges its wrath on the innocent instead of the guil

ty. It spares neither friend nor foe; but tears all to pieces, and casts human nature into a perpetual warfare.

VARIETIES.

All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women-merely players:
They have their exits, and their entrances;
And one man, in his time, plays many parts,
His acts-being seven ages. At first, the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms;
And then, the whining school-boy, with his satchel,
And shining morning face, creeping like snail,
Unwilingly, to school. And then, the lover;
Sighing like a furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow: Then, a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth: And then the justice;
In fair round belly, with good capon lined,
With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saus and modern instances,
And so he plays his part: The sixth age-shifts
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon;
With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side;
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble-pipes,
And thistles in his sound: Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness, and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
Charity, decent, modest, easy, kind,
Softens the high, and rears the abject mind;
Knows, with just reins, and gentle hand, to guide
Betwixt vile shame-and arbitrary pride.
Not soon provoked, she easily forgives;
And much-she suffers, as she much-believes.
Soft peace she brings, wherever she arrives;
She builds our quiet, as she forms our lives;
Lays the rough paths-of peevish nature even;
And opens, in each heart, a little heaven.

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