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365. WAVES, OR CIRCUMPLEXES OF THE Maxims. 1. The love of sensual pleasure, is VOICE: of these, there are two; which are temporary madness. 2. Sacrifice-can be made called the rising circumflex [v] and the full-on bad principles; obedience-only on good ones. ing circumflex []: they are formed by the 3. Great ery and little wool; applies to these who and the', and are generally connected with promise much, but practice little. 4. Do what you the accented vowels of the emphatic words. think is right, whatever others may think. Doubt, pity, contrast, grief, supposition, Learn to disregard alike, the praise and the cen sure of bad men. 6. Covet that popularity that comparison, irony, implicatum, sneering, follows; not that which must be run after. 5. railery, scorn, reproach, and contempt, are What sculpture is-to a block of marble, education expressed by them. Be sure and get the right is to the human mind. 8. He, who is unwilling feeling and, thought, and you will find no difficulty in expressing them properly, if you have mastered the voice.

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366. Exs. of the rising 1. I may go to town to-morrow, though I cannot go today. 2. The sun sets in the west, not in the east. 3. He lives in Lendon, not in New York. 4. The desire of praise-produces excellent effects, in men of sense. 5. He is more a knave, than a fool. 6. I see thou hast learn'd to rail, if thou hast learned nothing else. 7. Better to do well late, than never. 8. A pretty fellow you are, to be sure! 9. In some countries-poverty-is considered a misfortune; in others—a crime. 10. The young-are slaves to novelty; the old-to custom.

to amend, has the devil on his side. 9. Extensive,

various reading, without reflection, tends to the injury of the mind. 10. Proverbs bear age, and are full of various instruction.

Anecdote. John Randolph's Mother. The late John Randolph, some years before his death, wrote to a friend as follows: "I used to be called a Frenchman, because I took the French side in politics; and though that was unjust, yet the truth is, I should have been a French atheist, if it had not been for one recollection, and that was-the memory of the time, when my departed mother-used to take my little hands in hers, and cause me, on my knees, to say, 'Our Father who art in heaven."

School Teachers. It is important, that teachers of youth, should not only be respected, but respectable persons. They, who are intrusted with the responsible office of develop

the young, ought to be worthy of sharing in all the social enjoyments of the most refined society; and they ought never to be excluded from such participation. Yet it is scandal

367. PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES. 1. A just appreciation of our duties-is worth any sacrifice, that its attainments may cost. 2. Dearly do we sometimes pay for our wis-ing the mind, and directing the affections of dom, but never foo dearly. 3. Is not the life of animals dissipated at death? 4. The ancients--had the art of singing, before that of writing; and their laws and histories were sung, before they were written. 5. This heav-ously true, in some parts of our country, the enly Benefactor claims-not the homage of teachers, however worthy, are excluded from our lips, but of our hearts; and who can the houses of the very parents, who send doubt that he is entitled to the homage of our their children to their schools. This is not hearts? 6. If we have no regard to our own only contrary to all republican principles, character, we ought to have some re, ard to but is in direct opposition to the dictates of the character of others. 7. Tell your invad-common sense. Wherever such a state of ers this; and tell them, too, we seek nothings exists, the people are but half civilized, change; and lenst of all-such change as they would bring us.

whatever pretensions wealth, and other circumstances afford them.

368. We must avoid a mechanical variety, Varieties. 1. Enter on the performance and adopt a natural one: this may be seen in of your duties, with willing hearts, and children, when relating anything that comes never seek to avoid them. 2. The heart--is from themselves; then, their intonations, woman's world; it is there-her ambition melody, and variety, are perfectly natural, strives for the mastery. 3. The object of recand true to the object in view: let us go and reution is-to soften and refine, not to render sit at their feet and learn, and not be offend- ferocious; as is the case with amusements ed. Let us turn our eye and ear, to Turn that brutalize. 4. Is capital punishment and NATURE; for they will guide their vota- right? 5. Who has done the more injuryries right. Give us the soul of elocution and Mahomet, or Constantine? 6. Is tobaccomusic, and that will aid in forming the body,necessary? 7. Why is the figure of a riper

CONFIDENCE, NOT TO BE PLACED IN MAN.

O momentary grace of mortal men,
Which we more hunt for-than the grace of God!
Who builds his hope-in air of your fair locks,
Lives like a drunken sailor-on a must;
Ready, with every nod, to tumble down-

to the fate! bowels-of the deep.

-used to express ingratitude? S. Is it right to go to war-on any occasion? 9. What is the usual quantity of blood-in a common sized body? About twenty-five or thirty pounds. 10. Is it not singular that Pope's translations should be very profuse, and lie original compositions very concise?

Maxims. 1. A troun fed reputation is seldom [cured. 2. Conciliatory ramers always cem mant esteem. 3. Never derie, any one's infirma4. Detraction-is a sn against justes. 5 8. Molestias more c arms than beauty. 6. No fears ou'd deter us rom doing goed. 7. Pai not

369. Exs of the filling. 1. Who cares for you? 2. He is your friend, is ho! 3. You tell me so, do you? 4. If I were to do so, what would you say? 5. It is not prudence, when I trust my secrets to a man who cannot keep his own. 6. You are a very wise man, strông, brève, piacrall. 7. If you had told me so, perhaps. I should makes rutul age. 9. The example of the gool is visible philosop¡y. 10. Truth-never fears have believed you. 8. Sir, you are a fool. rigid examination. 11. Sickness is felt, but not

and I fear you will remain so.

370. MANNER. What we mean, does not so much depend on what we say, as how we say it; not so much on our words, as on our minner of speaking them: accordingly, in elocution, great attention must necessarily be given to this, as expressive of what our words do not always in licate: thus, neture—fixes the outward expression of every intention and sentiment. Art only adds case and gracefulness to the promptings of nature: as nature has ordained, that man

shall walk on his feet, and not on his hands, art-teaches him to walk gracefully.

371. COMBINATION OF THE WAVES. 1. But you forsooth, are very wise men, deeply karned in the truth; we, weak, contempti bie, mean persons; but you, strông, gallant. 2. Mere hirelings, and time-servers are always opposed to (5) improvements, and (6) orginality: so are tyrants-to liberty, and publ canism. 3. WISDOM alone is truly far; rice, only appears so. 4. How like a fawning på pablican he looks! 5. How green you are, and fresh in this old world! 6. What! can so young a thorn begin to What prick? 7. Money-is your suit? should I say to you? Should I not say, Hath a dog money? Is it possible—a căr can lend three thousand ducats? 7. They tell us to be moderate; but they, TuExare to revel in profusion!

Miscellaneous. 1. Can one phenomenon of mind be presented, without being connected with another? if so,-hone? 2. Reputation-often ellects that, which did not belong to one's character. Make a childbelieve that he is considered aimable, by his friends, and he will generally become so. 3. Affection-is the continuous principle of love, -which is spiritual heat; and hence the very vital principle of man. 4. Must not the first possible idea--of any individual, have been the product of the relation--between two states of the mind, in reference to external objects?

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your faith to another one's sacre. S. Reckurss

health.

Reason. As the field of true science en

Larges, as thought becomes more free, an inquiry upon all subjects becomes more bols and searching; a voice louder and sti!! louder comes up from the honest and thinking men in Christendom, calling for rationality in religum, as well as in every thing else; calling for such principles of biblical interpretation, as shall show the scriptures to be indeed, and in truth, the WORD OF GOD.

Every ray of truth, which has been sent

from heaven-to enlighten and bless mankind, has gained admittance into the world test. by patient struggling and persevering con

Varieties. 1. The words of Seneca, the virtuous Pagan, put to the blush—many a pagan christian. 2. When Socrates was informed, that the judges had sentenced him to death, he replied,—“ And hath not Nature passed the same sentence on them?”

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There is more eloquence, in the tone of voice, in the looks, and in the gestures of a speaker, than in the choice of his words.

Dear Patience-too, is born of wve,
Patience, that opens the gate
Wherethrough the soul of man must go
Up to each nobler state.

High natures-must be thunder-scarred,
With many a searing wrong.

Law, that shocks equity, is reason's murder.
I would not waste my spring of youth,
In idle dalliance; I would plant rich seeds,
To blossom in my manhood, and bear fruit,
When I am old.

Full many a gem-of purest ray serene,

The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear Full many a flow'r is born-to blush unseen, And waste is sweetness on the desert air. Beautiful cloud! with folds so soft and fair, Swimming-m the pure--qu'et air! Thy fleeces, bathed in sunlight, while below,

Thy shadow-o'er the vale moves slow: Where, 'midst their labor, pause the reaper tram, As cool it comes-along the grain. Beautiful cloud! I would I were with thee In thy calm way-o'er land and sea : To rest-on thy unrolling skirts, and look On Earth-as on an open book; On streams, that tie her realms, with silverbands, And the long ways, that seam her lands; And hear her humming cities, and the sound Of the great ocean-breaking round

occur.

372. Remember, that Nature abhors monotony, or sameness of sound, as much as she does a vacuum. Hence, give variety in emphasis, inflectioms, and waves, if they often 1. (3) Happy, (5) happy, (6) hapPy pair! none but the (2) brave! (6) nime but the (5) brave; none (8) BUT the brave deserve the fair! 2. (6) What a piece of work-is man! how noble in (5) reasim! how infinite in (6) FACULTIES! in (4) form, and (5) moving, how express and (6) admirable! in action, how like an angel! in apprehension, (4) how like a God! 3. My JUDGMENT-approves this measure, and my whole HEART-is in it: all that I have; (4) all that I am; and all that I HOPE, in this life, I am now ready here to stake upon it; and I leave off as I began th't (4) sink or swim; (5) live or die; survive or (6) PERISH,-I am for the DECLA It is my living sentiment, and (2) by the blessing of God, it shall be my dying sentiment: (5) Independence- (6) πάνω and Independence (9) FOREVER!

RATION.

373. EFFECT. What is the use of reading, speaking, and singing, if the proper effect is not produced? If the singing in our church choirs, and the reading and speaking in the desk and pulpit, were what they ought to be, and what they may be, the house of God would be more thronged than theatres ever have been. Oh! when will the best of truths be delivered in the best of manners? May the stars of elocution and music, be more

numerous than the stars of heaven!

Because I cannot flatter, and speak fair,
Smile in man's face, smooth, deceive and coy,
Deck with French words, and apish courtesy,
I must be held-a rancorous enemy.
Cannot a plain man live, and think no harm,
But thus his simple truth-must be abused,
By silken, sly, insinuating Jacks!
Tho' plunged in ills, and exercised in care,
Yet, never let the noble mind despair:
When prest by dangers, and beset by foes,
Heaven its timely succour doth interpose, [grief)
And, (when our virtue sinks, o'erwhelmed with
By unforeseen expedients-brings relief.

If there's a sin-more deeply black than others,
Distinguished from the list of common crimes,
And legion-in itself, and doubly dear
To the dark prince of hell-it is hypocrisy.

Ye gentle gales, beneath my body blow,
And softly lay me-on the waves below.
Wisdom-took up her harp, and stood in place
Of frequent concourse-stood in every gate,
By every way, and walked in every street,
And, lifting up her voice, proclaimed: Be wise,
Ye fools! be of an understanding heart.
Forsake the wicked: come not near his house:
Pass by: make haste: depart, and turn away.
Me follow-me, whose ways are pleasantness,
Whose paths are peace, whose end is perfect joy

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Anecdote. Point of Law Blackstone, speaking of the right of a wife to dower, asserts, that if land abide in the husband a single moment, the wife shall be endowed thereof; and he adds, that the doctrine was extended very fur, by a jury in Wales, where time; but the son was supposed to survive the father and son were hanged at the same the father, by appearing to struggle the longer; whereby he became seized of an estate

by survivorship; in consequence of which dower." seizure, his wife-obtained a verdict for her

Riches and Talent. Nothing is more common than to see station and riches-preferred to talent and goodness; and yet few things are more absurd. The peculiar superiority of talent and goodness-over station and riches, may be seen from hence;--that the influence of the former-will always be the greatest, in that government, which is the purest; while that of the latter-will always be the greatest-in the government that is the most corrupt: so that from the preponderance of the one, we may infer the soundness and vigor of the commonwealth; but from the other, its dotage and degeneracy.

Varieties. 1. Indolence and indecision, tho' not vices in themselves, generally prepare the way for much sin and misery. 2 If the mind be properly cultivated, it will produce a storehouse of precious fruits; but if neglected, it will be overrun with noxious weeds and poisonous plants. 3. A kind benefactor-makes one happy-as soon as he 4. The only can, and as much as he can. sure basis of every government, is in the affection of a people, rendered contented, and happy, by the justness and mildness, with which they are ruled. 5. As moisture is required to the formation of every seed, so natural truth-to the formation of first principles. They whom

Nature's works can charm, with God himself
Hold converse! grow familiar, day by day,
With His conceptions, act upon His plan,
And form to His--the relish of their souls.
Our present acts, tho' slightly we pass them by
Are so much seed-sown for Eternity.

The devil can cite scripture for his purpose--
An evil soul, producing holy tettnest,

Is like a villain with a smiling check;

A goodly apple, rotten at the heart;

, what a godly outside-faischood bath!

374. As the principles of elocution are

Proverbs. 1. Forbearances requisite in few and simple, and as practice alone makes youth, in middle age, and in old age. 2. Peculiar perfect, there are all kinds of examples pro-ities-are easily acquired; but it is very difficult to vided for those, who are determined to de- eradicate them. 3. Good principles are of no use velop their minds through their bodies, and to us, unless we are governed by them. 4. Cobecome all that God and nature-intended quetry--is the vice of a small mind. 5. Pure metthem to be. As the ear is most intimately als--shine brighter, the more they are rubbed. 6. connected with the affections-the motive- Pride-lives on very costly food,-its keeper's power of the intellect, it is absolutely neces-happiness. 7. Extremes-are generally hurtful; sary that the student should exercise aloud, for they often expose us to damage, or render us that the voice and ear, as well as the thoughts ridiculous. 8. In the days of affluence, always and feelings, may be cultivated in harmony think of poverty. 9. Never let want come upon and correspondence. If, then, he finds the you, and make you remember the days of plenty. task severe, let him persevere, and never io. No one can become a good reader or speaker, mind it.

in a few weeks, or a few months.

375. EXAMPLES. 1. The queen of DenWoman. I have always observed, says mark, in reproving her son, Hamlet, on ac- Ledyard, that women, in all countries, are count of his conduct towards his step-father, civil, obliging, tender, and humane; that whom she married, shortly after the murder they are inclined to be gay and cheerful, tim of the king, her husband, says to him, "Im-orous and modest, and that they do not, like ket, you have your father much offended." man, hesitate to perform a generous action. To which he replies, with a circumflex on Not haughty, arrogant, or supercilious, they you, "Madum, (3) you-have my father are full of courtesy, and fond of society, more much offended." He meant his own father: liable, in general, to err than man, but in she-his step-father; he would also intimate, general, also, more virtuous, and performing more good actions than he. To a woman, that she was accessory to his father's mur- whether civilized or savage, I never addressder; and his peculiar reply, was like daggers ed myself in the language of decency and in her soul. 2. In the following reply of friendship, without receiving a decent and Death to Satan, there is a frequent occurrence friendly answer. With man it has been often of circumflexes, mingled with contempt: otherwise. In wandering through the barren "And reckon'st thou thyself with spirits of plains of inhospitable Denmark; thro' honheaven, hell-doomed, and breath'st defiance est Sweden, and trozen Lapland, rude and here, and scorn, where I reign king? and, churlish Finland, unprincipled Russia, and to enrage thee môre,-thy king, and lord ?" the wide-spread regions of the wandering The voice is circumflected on heaven, hell-Tartar; it hungry, dry, cold, wet, or sick, the women-have ever been friendly to me doomed, king and thy, nearly an octave. and uniformly so; and to add to this virtue, Come, show me what thoul't d; woul't (so worthy to be called benevolence.) their weep? woul't fight? woul't fast? woul't tear actions have been performed in so free and thyself? I'll do't. Dost thou come here to kind a manner, that if I were dry, I drank whine? to outface me, with leaping in her the sweetest draught, and if hungry, ate the grave? be buried quick with her, and so will coarsest morsel, with a double relish. I; and if thou prate of mountains, let them throw MILLIONS of acres on us, till our ground, singeing her pate against the burning zone, make Ossa-like a wart. Nay, an thoul't mouthe, I'll rant as well as the Anecdote. A clergyman, once traveling in a stage-coach, was abruptly asked by one of the passengers, if any of the heathens would go to heaven. "Sir," answered the clergyman, "I am not appointed judge of the world, and, consequently, cannot tell; but, if ever you get to heaver, you shall either find some fem there, or a good reason why they are not there."

3.

Varieties. 1. When Baron, the actor, came from hearing one of Massillon's sermons, he said to one of his comrades of the stage; here is an orator; we are only ac lors. 2. Some people-wash themselves for the sake of being clean; others, for the sake of appearing so. 3. Of all the pursuits, by which property is acquired, none is prefera -none more productive, ble to agriculture,and none more worthy of a gentleman. 4. It is a maxim with unprincipled politicians, to destroy, where they cannot intimidate. nor persuade. 5. Good humor, anu mental charms, are as much superior to external beauty, as mind is superior to matter. 6. Be wise, be prudent, he discreet, and temperate, in all things

Too High or too Low. In pulpit eloquence, the grand difficulty is to give the subject all the dignity it so fully deserves, without attaching any importance to our selves. The christian minister cannot think too highly of his Master, or too humbly of himself. This is the secret art which captivates and improves an audience, and which Proud of her treasure, marches with it-down all who see, will fancy they could imitate; while many who y. win not succeed, be- f'o latest times; and sculpture, in her turn, cause they are not influenced by proper no-Gives bond, in stone-and ever-during brass, tives and do not use the right means. To guard them-and immortalize her trust.

Patriots have toile, and in their country's cause
Bled nobly, ar, their deeds, as they deserve,
Receive oud recompense. We give in charge
Their umes-to the sweet lyre. The historic muse,

M

376. INTONATIONS. The intonations are opposite to monotones, and mean the rise and full of the voice, in its natural movements through a sentence: they are demonstrated in music, and here, in elocution. In all common kinds of reading and speaking, the voice should not generally rise and fall more than one note, in its passage from syllable to syl

Jable, and from word to word: its movement will then be gentle, easy and flowing. But when the passion, or sentiment to be exhibited, is powerfully awakening or exciting, it may rise or fall several notes, according to the predominance of feeling.

377. Cur (6) SIGHT-is the most (4) perfect, and most (5) delightful of all our senses. (4) It fills the mind with the largest variety of (3) leas; (5) converses with its o'jects at the greatest (6) distance; and continues the longest in (5) action, without being (4) fired-or (3) satiated, with its proper enjoyments. The (6) sense of (8) FEELING, can, indeed, give us the idea of (5) extension, (6) shape, and all other properties of matter, that are perceived by the (5) ere, except (4) colors. (3) At the same time-it is very much (5) straightened—and (4) confined in its rations, to the (3) number, (4) bulk, and (5) distance, of its peculiar objects.

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378. When we read, or speak, without any feeling, the voice ranges between our first and fourth notes; when there is a moderate degree of feeling, and the subject somewhat interesting, it ranges between our second and sixth notes; when there is a high degree of feeling and interest, it ranges between our fourth and eighth notes; descending, however, to the third and first, in a cadence, or close of the effort. It is highly necessary to keep the voice afloat, and never let it run aground; that is, let the feeling and thought keep it on the proper pitches, and do not let it descend to the first, or ground-note, till the piece is completed; except in depressed monotony. Memorize the preceding, and talk it off in an easy, graceful and appropriate

4.

Proverbs. 1. A clear consciente fears no accusation. 2. An open door will tempt a saint 3. Confidence is the companion of success. Cruelty to a woman is-the crime of a monster. 5. A smart reproof is better than smooth deceit. 6. Acd not trouble to the grief-worn heart. 7. Affectation -s at best a deformity. 8. Bear misfortunes with

patience and fortitude. 9. A good marim is never

out of season. 10. Ambition-never looks behind. 11. A wise man wants but little. 12. Knowledge -makes no one happy.

Anecdote. A tragedy of schylus was once represented before the Athenians, in which it was said of one of the characters, "that he cared more to be just, than to appear so." At these words, all eyes were instantly turned upon Aristides, as the man who, of all the Greeks, most merited that distinguish ed character: and ever after he received, by universal consent, the surname of-" The Just."

Courtesy. St. Paul, addressing himself to christians of all grades and classes, even down to menial servants, exhorts them to be courteous. Courteousness-must mean, therefore,

a something, which is within the reach of all sorts of people; and, in its primary and best neously springs from a heart, warm with sense, is exactly such a behavior, as spamtabenevolence, and unwilling to give needless pain, or uneasiness to a fellow-being. We have no more right, wantonly or carelessly to wound the mind, than to wound the body of a fellow-being; and, in many instances, the former-is the more cruel of the two.

Varieties. 1. Some start in life, without any leading object at all; some, with a low aim, and some, with a high one; and just in proportion to the elevation at which they aim, will generally be their success. 2. Guard against fraud, and imposition; and forego some advantages, rather than gain them at a risk, that cannot be ascertained. 3. In the determination of doubtful and intricate cases, the nicest discrimination, and great solidity instinctive expectation of finding nature of judgment, are required. 4. We have an Abstract Question. Which is more pro and true to herself; but whence this expec everywhere the same,-always consistent, bable, that our judgment, in respect to exter-tation? 5. Is there not something in the nal phenomena, has been warped, by compar-native air of true freedom, to alter, expand, ing their operations with those of the mind; and improve the external form, as well as the or, that our metaphysical mistakes have been occasioned, by forming a false analogy be-internal? 6. Is not affluence—a snare, and tween its internal operations, and outward poverty, a temptation? 7. Man is a true *ppearances? epitome of the spiritual world, or world of mind; and to know himself, is the perfection of wisdom.

manner.

The midnight moon-serenely smiles
O'er nature's soft repose;
No towering cloud obscures the sky,
No ruffling tempest blows.

Now, every passion-sinks to rest;
The throbbing heart lies still;

And varying schemes of life-no more
Distract the laboring will

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