Proverbs. 1. We must submit to authority, till we can discover, or see-reasons. 2. Be not satisfied with the results and applications of knowledge; but search for its fountains. 3. Youth—is not a time to cast away stones, but to gather them. 4. Instead of naturalizing nature, we should naturalize art. 5. The understanding—is a refining vessel, in which knowledge is purified. 6. Endeavor to acquire such knowledge, as will enable you to judge correctly yourself. 7. Time-destroys the speculations of man, but confirms the judgments of Nature. 8. No evil propensity is so powerful, but that it may be subdued, by proper 281. EMPHASIS. Words are emphatic, when opposition is expressed, or understood; that is, when our words are contrasted, and when we wish to enforce our ideas, so as to produce their desired effects. As, Oratoryinvolves feelings, thoughts and words; so, does it also involve ends, or purposes, causes, and effects; beyond which, human minds cannot travel. We may illustrate emphasis, by what is called lever-power; the resistance to be overcome, or the effect to be produced; the lever as a medium, and the weight: thus, I will, or desire, to accomplish a certain ob-means. 9. No one is so great, or so small, but ject here, is the region of ends, or purposes; then, I devise ways and means, and determine how it is to be done; here, is the region of causes: and, finally, I put the purpose in operation, through the means, and thus accomplish my object; which, of course, is the region of effects. Here is the philosophy of oratory. that he is capable of giving, or receiving-benefits. Anecdote. If a private gentleman, in Cheshire England, about the year 1730, had not been overturned in his carriage; it is possible, that the United States, instead of being a free Republic, might have remained a dependent colony: that gentleman-was Augustus Washington, who was thus thrown out of his carriage, into the company of a lady, who afterwards became his wife, emigrated with him to Virginia, and, in 1732, became the mother-of General Washington 282. EXAMPLES OF EMPHASIS BY STRESS. 1. It is not so easy to hide our faults, as to confess-and avoid them. 2. Never attempt to raise yourself, by depreciating the merits of others. 3. As fools-make a mock at sin, so do the ignorant-often make a mock at knowledge. 4. They are generally most ridiculous themselves, who see most to ridicule in others. 5. Wherever education is neglected,-depravity, and every kind of action, that degrades mankind, are most frequent. Laconics. When we see birds, at the 6. The first three volumes; not, the three first approach of rain, anointing their plumage volumes; there is only one-first. 7. The with oil-to shield off the drops, should it first three, and the last two verses; not, the not remind us, when the storms of contenthree first, and two last. 8. To be truly-tion threaten us, to apply the oil of for happy, man must be good, and renounce such enjoyments as are grounded in the love of evil. 9. There is a natural body, and there Varieties. 1. Did mankind fall suddenis a spiritual body. 10. Flesh-and blood-ty, or by degrees? 2. While freedom-is true cannot inherit the kingdom of God. bearance, and thus-prevent the chilling drops from entering our hearts? to itself, every one becomes subject to it; and 283. RULE. Emphasize the important even its alversaries are instruments in its word, or words, with such a degree and kind hands. 3. The preservation of health--deof stress, or expulsive prolongation of sound, pends, principally, on proper diet, early reas to convey the entire sense and feeling, in | tiring, and early rising, temperance in eutthe best manner, and give each idea its rela-ing, and drinking, proper exercise, and pertive importance. Example and definition. fect cleanliness. 4. By a vicious action, we "Emphasis is the index of my meaning, injure our mind, as we should our body, by and shows more exactly, what I wish the drinking poison, or inflicting a wound upon hearers to attend to-particularly." Indeed, it. 5. What is liberty? Willing, thinking, it is to the mind what the finger is to the eye: speaking, and doing--what we understand; when we wish a person to see any thing, we provided, we violate no law, or principle. naturally point to it: thus, are the manifesta- 6. Mental pleasures--never cloy; unlike tions of the mind made by the emphasis, or those of the body, they are increased by repeprinting of the voice. tition, approved by reason, and strengthened by enjoyment. 7. Evil action, contrivance and speech, is but the manifestation of the nature of evil; and that it should be made manifest, is consistent with divine intentions. They are sleeping! Who are sleeping? Freedom-is The brilliant gift of heaven; 'tis reason's self. 3. 284. EMPHASIS. There are only two ways Proverbs. 1. It is a fraud-to conceal fraud. of making emphasis, but as many ways of 2. Never attempt to do two things-at once. exhibiting it, as there are pitches, qualities, He, labors in vain, who endeavors to please every and modifications of voice--in Speech and body. 4. To the resolute and persevering--noth Song: all of which are very simple. and a ing is difficult. 5. Thieves-are game for the knowledge of them easily acquired, by the penitentiary, and often, for the gallows. 6. Kindpersevering student. In every sentence, there ness-begets kindness, and love-begets love. 7. is a word, or words, on which the sense de- The drop-hollows the stone, not by its force, but by falling often on the same spot. 8. A man who pends, as the bo ly-on the heart; the voice and aspires to be an orator, must study by night, & gestures, only, can exhibit it. Emphasis, not well as by day. 9. There is no sauce equal to ▲ only illustrates, but often amplifies the sense good appetite. 10. To wicked persons--the vir of the author; and that is the best emphasis, tue of others--is always a subject of envy. 11. A which does this the most effectively; indeed, man would not be alone, even in paradise. 12. there are times when, through the emphasis, Weigh right, if you sell dear. one may make words mean-more than they were designed to mean by the author. 285. EMPHASIS by expulsive stress. 1. He who cannot bear a joke-should never give one. 2. Avoid a slanderer, as you would a scorpion. 3. A wager--is a fool's argument. 4. He that is past shame, is past hope. 5. What is worth doing at all, is worth doing well. 6. Men of principle, ought to be prinripal men. 7. Aim at nothing higher, till you can read and speak, deliberately, clearly, and distinctly, and with proper emphasis: all other graces will follow. 8. The head, without the heart, is like a steam engine, without a boiler. 9. As love--thinks no eri!, so envy -speaks no good. 10. Variety, delights; and perfection, delights in variety. 286. MUSIC. The cultivation, and frequent practice of music, in schools of every grade, will have a strong, and decidedly beneficial influence on the habits of the pupils. By using the same words, and singing the same pieces in concert, their thoughts will be directed in the same channel, and their affections elevated together; and they will naturally be led into closer association and sympathy with each other. Well chosen music may be made an efficient auxiliary, guiding and controlling the feelings and actions in the school-room, and contribute essentially, to the proper management of its concerns. It was in accordance with this principle, that a certain poet wisely said, "Let me make the songs of the nation, and I care not who makes its laws.” 287. GEOGRAPHY-comprises a general description of the earth; and, especially of the nations, by which it is inhabited, in reference to their position and extent; their producfioms and resources; their institutions and improvements; their manners and customs; including the subject of statistics, voyages, and travels. It is a term, that admits of almost indefinite extension; for in describing a nation, allusion must be made to its language, laws, religion, arts, and literature; and in treating of the earth, and its producons, we may include the whole range of the physical sciences. True love-is never idle. Anecdote. Dr. Johnson -observed to Macklin, in a sneering manner, that literary men-should converse in the learned languages; and immediately addressed the dramatist in Latin; after which, Macklin--uttered a long sentence in Irish. The Doctor again returned to the English tongue, saying, "You may speak very good Greek; but I am not sufficiently versed in that dialect—to converse with you fluently." Of Dress, &c. A creature, who spends its time in dressing, gaming, prating, and gadding, is a being originally, indeed, of the rational make; but who has sunk itself beneath its runk, and is to be considered, at present, as nearly on a level with the monkey-species. Varieties. 1. What was the design of God, in making man? 2. How absurd, to have half a dozen children, with different dispositions, and capabilities, and yet, give them all-the same education! 3. Are not bigotry, and intolerance--as destructive to g rality, as they are to common sex 24. Observations, made in the cloister, or in the desert, will generally be as obscure--as the one, and burren--as the other; to become orators, or painters, we must study originals. 5. Which side of a pitcher has the handle? The outside, of course. 6. If a book really needs the patronage of a great man; it is a bud book; and if it be a good book, it does not need it. 7. To sow the seeds of order-we must be just; and so, also, to water them; but beware that self--enter not into the ac tion. Before the gate there sat, On either side, a formidable shape. 288. Remember that Emphasis-is to Proverbs. 1. Wisdom - excelleth folly as words, in a sentence, what accent is to letters much as light excels darkness. 2. Opinion –ia or syllables, in a word; and, as proper ac-free; and conduct alone-amenable to the law. cent-on a right vowel, will impart an impe- 3. Some-affect to despise--what they do not untus to the voice, in going through the word; derstand. 4. In trying to avoid one danger, we so, true emphasis on the same, will give an sometimes fall into another. 5. Decency--is the impetus in delivering the sentence, so as to natural characteristic of virtue, and the decepultimate the end you have in view. Again, tive coloring of vice. 6. Never despair; speak the length of long vowel sounds, in emphatic 7. Never chase a lie; for if you keep quiet, truth the commanding word, "I WILL," and it is done. words, is, to the same vowels, in accented --will eventually overtake it. 8. A punctu33 words, what accented long ones are, to unacman, is rarely a poor man; and never-a man of cented long ones: similar observations might doubtful credit. 9. Persons of fashion, starve be made in reference to force--on emphatic their happiness, to feed their canity; and their short vowels, and accented and unaccented love, to feed their pride. 10. There is a great difference--between repeating a maxim, or proverb, and a practical observance of it. 11. Diseases are the interest of sensual pleasures. 12. The half is often better than the whole. 13. Justice-should rule over all. short ones. 289. The various effects, produced by changing the seat of Emphasis, from one word to another, may be seen in the following sentence, of emphatic memory; provided it be read according to the notation. "Will you ride to town to-day?" That is: will you ride, or will you not? "Will you ride to town to-day?" That is: will you ride, or will you send some one. "Will you ride to town to-day?" That is: will you ride, or walk? "Will you ride to town to-day?" That is: will you ride to town, or will you ride somewhere else? "Will you ride to town to-day ?" That is: will you ride to town to-day, or to-morrow; or, next week? By using other modifications of voice, as many shades of meaning may be given, even to this short sentence, as there are letters in it. 290. APPLICATION. It is incredible, how much may be accomplished by diligence, and industry. The present state of the world, enlightened by the arts and sciences, is a living proof, that difficulties, seemingly insuperable, inay finally be overcome. This consideration ought to stimulate us to industry and application. We do not know our own strength, till we try it; nor to what extent our abilities will carry us, till we put them to the fest. Those who want resolution, often desist from useful enterprises, when they have more than half effected their purposes: they are discouraged by difficulties and disappointments, which ought rather to excite their for, and cause them to redouble their eforts to succeed. Anecdote. While Athens-was governed by the thirty fyrants, Socrates, the philosopher, was ordered to assist in seizing one Leon, a man of rank and fortune, whom they determined to put out of the way, that they might enjoy his estate; but Socrates positively refused: saying, "I will not wilingly assist-in an unjust act." "Dost thou think," (said one of them,) "to talk in this high tone, and not to suffer ?” "Far om it," replied he; "I expect to suffer a thousand ills; but none so great-as to do unjustly" Bigots. Bigots, who are violent, positive, and intolerant, in their religious tenets, ought to feel very much humbled, when they reflect, that they would have been equally so for any other religion, had it been the religion of their parents, or of the country in which they had been born and educated. Varieties. 1. Why is a tale-bearer-like a brick-layer? Because he raises stories. 2. When you have nothing to say, say nothing; for a weak defence-strengthens your opponent: and silence-is better than a bad reply. 3. We might enjoy much peace, and happiness, if we would not busy ourselves, with what others say and do. 4. Never think of yourself, when reading, speaking, or singing; but of your subject; and avoid an artificial, and grandiloquent style of delivery. 5. It is not enough-to be left to the tuition of Nature, unless we know what lessons she teaches. 6. Morals-too often come from the pulpit, in the cold abstract; but men smurt under them when good lawyers are the preachers. 7. When we become perfectly rational, and act wholly from ourselves— in consequence of it, we are accountable for all our actions, and they are then imputed to if evil,-but not before. us, Where the gentle streamlets flow, Roaring torrents, earthquake's shock, Proverbs. 1. Temperance-and intemperance reward, and punish themselves. 2. Riches-are servants to the wise,-but tyrants to fools. 3. None can be great, who have ceased to be virtuous. 4. Money-does no good, till it is distributed. 5. If you have one true friend, think yourself happy. 6. Silks, and satins, often put out the kitchen fire. 7. Hunger-looks into the working-man's house; but dare not enter. 8. When the well is dry, people 291. EMPHASIS. If your articulation, and pronunciation, be clear and correct, and you are free from all unnatural tones, and other bad habits, nothing can prevent your succeeding in this important art, if you perfect yourself in Emphasis: hence, the reason of dwelling on the subject so long, and of giving such a variety of examples. But remember, that books, rules, teachers, or all combined, cannot make orators of you, without you throw your whole heart and soul into the exercises, and let your zeal be ac-longing, than loathing. cording to knowledge. Become independent of your book, and speak from memory, as soon as possible; then, you will be left to the promptings and guidance of your own mind, and become free. 292. 1. Men live, and prosper, but in mutual trust, and confidence of one another's truth. 2. Those, who are teaching our youth -to read with science and effect, are doing much to increase the power, and extend the influence of standard authors. Peace is the happy, natural state of man; To native genius-would you prove a friend! Let us Act with prudence, and with manly temper, 'Tis God-like magnanimity-to keep, know the worth of water. 9. Business-maker a man, as well as tires him. 10. For the evidence of truth, look at the truth itself. 11. Better go away 12. Of saving-cometh having. 13. God-never made a hypocrite, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. Habits of literary conversation, and still more, habits of extempore discussion in a popular assembly, are peculiarly useful in giving us a ready and practical command of our know-ledge. There is much good sense in the following aphorism of Bacom: "Reading makes a full man, writing a correct man, and speak ing a ready man." Varieties. 1. Through an affected contempt-for what some call little things, many remain ignorant-of what they might easily know. 2. A harmless hilarity, and buoyant cheerfulness-are not unfrequent concomi tants of genius; and we are never more deceived, than when we mistake gravity-for greatness, solemnity-for science, and pom When most provoked, our reason-calm, and clear, posity for erudition. 3. It is better to have Notes. The ancients very properly called man a microsom, or little world. But what were this worl1-without a sun, to impart to it light and heat? Of what use the body-without the soul? Of what use the house, without the inhabitant? and of what use words, without thought and feeling? And of what use are all these, if they cannot be made manifest? The body-is the mind's arrvant, and depends on its care, as the mind itself does on the Father of mind. Body, and soul-are best taken care al, when both are minded together. 293. ARCHITECTURE-teaches the art of building; and is one of the most useful, as well as ancient, of all the arts: it demands much more attention, than it has ever received; especially, in this country: and many -would save time, labor and money, and have better houses, as to comfort and appearance, if they would make themselves acquainted with this important art. Most persons will find it much to their benefit, to call upon an architect, when about to erect a building of importance. Anecdote. King James I., of England. went out of his way one day, to hear a noted preacher. The clergyman, seeing the king enter, left his text-to declaim against swearing; for which vile practice-the king was rotorious. After service, the king thanked him for his sermon; and asked him, what connection swearing had with his text. The minister replied, "Since your majesty came out of your way, thro' curiosity, I could not, in compliance, do less than go out of mineto meet you." recourse to a quack, who can cure our dis- And things are not-what they seem. And the grave-is not its goal; 294. EMPHASIS is sometimes exhibited Proverbs. 1. Many, who possess much, onby changing the seat of accent. 1. What is joy but little. 2. Never sound the trumpet of your done, cannot be undone. 2. If he did not do own fame. 3. Faction-is the bane of society. it directly, he did it indirectly. 3. There are 4. Religious contention-is Satan's harrest. 5. probably as many invisible as visible things. Sell not virtue to purchase wealth. 6. The dis4. Did he act honestly, or dishonestly? 5. course of flatterers, is like a rope of honey. 7. There is a difference between giving, and for- take-no more than you can perform. 9. Value a Truth may languish, but it never dies. 8. Undergiving. 6. Does he speak distinctly, or ingood conscience more than praise. 10. We are distinctly? 7. Better be untaught than ill-bound to be honest, but not to be rich. 11. He is 'aught; and better be alone, than in bad idle, that might be better employed. 12. The more company. 8. He that ascended, is the same laws-the more offenders. as he that descended. 9. Pure religion rais Anecdote. Sailor and Highwayman. A es men above themselves; irreligion-sinks stage-was once stopped by a highwayman, them to the brute. 10. Similitude-joins; who, being informed by the driver, that there dissimilitude-separates. were no inside passengers, and only one on the outside, and he a sailor,--the robber proceeded to exercise his functions upon the bold and honest far; when, waking him up, Jack demanded to know what he wanted: to which the son of plunder replied,--“ Your money;" "You shan't have it," says Jack. No?" rejoined the robber, "then I'll blow 295. EMPHASIS-by changing the seat of uccent, in words of the same structure, and of different structure, to convey the full meaning. 1. To do, and to un-do-is the common business of the world. 2. Reason, truth, and virtue-are the proper measures of praise, and dis-praise. 3. Mind, and voice -act, and re-act upon one another. 4. We may have sen-sibility, without manifesting ir-your brains out." "Blow away, then; I may as well be without brains, as without money. ritability. 5. Some things are con-venient; Drive on, coachee!" while others are in-convenient. 6. It is necessary to observe the division, and the subdivision. 7. In the suitableness or un-suitableness, in the proportion or dis-proportion, which the desire bears to the cause, and the object, consists the propriety, or im-propriety, the de-cency, or in-decency-of the consequent action. 296. DYSPEPSIA. Many persons of the present day do not chew their food like a man, but bolt it whole, like a bog-constrictor: they neither take the trouble to dissect, nor the time to masticate it. It is no wonder they lose their teeth, for they rarely use them; and their power of digestion, for they exhaust it by overeating. They load their stomachs, as a drayman does his cart, as full as it will hold, and as fast as they can pitch it in; and then complain that their load is too heavy. 267. ZO-OL-O-GY. Almost every child-is a naturalist: hence, among the earliest plays of childhood, the observation of the habits of different animals, holds a prominent place. How delighted are they with dogs, cats, calves, lambs, sheep, oxen, and horses! What a pity, that so much pains should be taken in an imperfect education, to sever their young minds from these interesting objects; so well calculated to induce close observation, and open new fountains in the youthful mind! But how greatly are these studies increased in value, by adding the treasures of Botany, and Mineralogy, beautiful flowers, and prerious stones! What a glorious world, and how admirably designed-to aid in the development of body and mind. Eye nature's walks, shoot folley, as it flies, Independence. Always form your own opinion of a person, and never allow another, even your most intimate friend, to judge for you; as he may not have half the power of discriminating character, that you yourself possess. Never allow yourself to be talked out of any thing-against your better judg ment; nor talked into any thing; unless you see clearly, that the reasons advanced-are more powerful than your own. Varieties. 1. If your principles are false, Alike, the day of trial-unto all, |