all cases, when the premium does not exceed 10 per cent., on the amount insured, 1-2 per cent.-When the premium exceeds 10 per cent., on the amount of premium, 5 per cent.-Collecting dividends on stock, 1-2 per cent.-Collecting delayed or litigated accounts, 5 per cent.-Adjusting and collecting insurance losses, 21-2 per cent.Receiving and paying monies, from which no other commission is derived, 1 per cent.-Remittances in bills, in all cases, 1 2 per cent. Landing and reshipping goods from vessels in distress, on the value, 21-2 per cent.-Receiving and forwarding goods entered at the Custom-house, on the value, 1 per cent.-and 21-2 per cent. on responsibilities incurred. On Inland Business.-On the sale of merchandise, 21-2 per cent. -Purchase and shipment of merchandise, or accepting for purchase, without funds or property in hand, 2 1-2 per cent.-Sale or purchase of stocks, 1 per cent.-Sale or purchase of specie, 1-2 per cent.-Sale of bills of exchange with indorsement, 1-2 per cent.-Sale of bank Dotes or drafts not current, 1-2 per cent.-Selling or indorsing bills of exchange, 2 1-2 per cent.-Selling or purchasing vessels, 2 1-2 per cent-Chartering to proceed to other ports to load, 21-2 per cent.Procuring or collecting freight, 2 1-2 per cent.-Outfi's or disburse ments. 212 per cent.-Collecting general average, 2 1-2 per cent.Effecting marine insurances, in all cases when the premium does not exceed 10 per cent., on the amount insured, 1-2 per cent.-When the premium exceeds 10 per cent, on the amount of premium, 5 per cent.-Adjusting and collecting insurance losses, 21-2 per cent.Collecting dividends on stocks, 1-2 per cent.-Collecting bills, and paying over the amount, or receiving and paying monies from which no other commission is derived, 1 per cent.-Receiving and forwarding goods, on the value, 1-2 per cent.-The same when entered for duty or debenture, 1 per cent.-Remittances in bills, in all cases, 1-2 per cent. The above commissions to be exclusive of the guarantee of debts for sales on credit, storage, brokerage, and every other charge actually incurred.-The risk of loss by fire, unless insurance be ordered, and of robbery, theft, and other unavoidable occurrences, if the usual care be taken to secure the property, is in all cases to be borne by the proprietor of the goods. When bills are remitted for collection, and are returned under protest for non-acceptance or non-payment, the same commission to be charged as though they were duly honoured. On consignments of merchandise withdrawn or reshipped, full commission to be charged to the extent of advances or responsibilities incurred, and half commission on the residue of the value. Rates of Storage,-chargeable per month, as established by the New Almonds, in frails or packages, cwt. Ashes pot and pearl, bbl. Beef, bbl. Raisins, Malaga, in boxes in other packages, per cwt. Salt, in bags or bulk, per bushel green or black, in 1-4 ches in boxes, in proportion to 1-4 chests. Tin, block, per ton in boxes of usual size, per box Tobacco, in hhds., per hhd." in bales or serons, per cwt. manufactured, in kegs of 100 lbs. Wines. See Liquors. Woods, for dyeing, under cover, per ton ditto, in yards Whiting, in hhds., per ton Cents, 6 1 - 2 2 - 21-2 1 - 37 . 2 30 40 . 2 . 21-2 - 3 • 2 15 8 4 1-2 - 20 11-2 -371-2 . 2 50 -25 -371-2 On articles on which the rate is fixed by weight, it is understood to be on the gross weight; and on liquors, oil, &c. on which the rate refers to gallons, it is understood to be on the whole capacity of the casks, whether full or not. The proprietors of goods to be at the expense of putting them in store, stowing away, and turning out of store. All goods taken on storage to be subject to 1 month's storage; if taken out within 15 days after the expiration of the month, to pay 1-2 a month's storage; if after 15 days, a whole month's storage. Rates of Cartage. Ale or beer, per hhd. hhd. from 60 to 90 gallons Alum or copperas, from 12 to 15 cwt., per hhd. from 15 to 20 cwt. Boards and plank, per load Brandy, pipe over 100 gallons 8. d. -2 0 - 2 0 2 6 -3 0 -4 6 2 0 2 0 3 0 2 20 Cents. 6 - 40 Bread, 4 tierces 8 Bricks, per load 6 handled and piled 8 Building or paving stones, load - 60 Calves, sheep and lambs - 16 O Cocoa, in serons 2 0 Copperas, in casks Do, whole shot of 12, and not exceeding 14 inches in circum- Do. half shot of the dimensions of the two last mentioned Do. half shot of like dimensions Do. whole shot of 15 inches Do. half shot of like dimensions Goods, wares, merchandise, or other articles not herein enumerated, per load In all cases where the distance exceeds 1-2 a mile, and not 2 miles, 1-2 in addition to be allowed. Rates of Porterage.-For any distance not exceeding 1-2 a mile, 12 1-2 cents; over 1-2 a mile, and not exceeding a mile, 25 cents, and in that proportion for any greater distance. For carrying a load upon a hand-barrow, for any distance not exceeding 1-2 a mile, 25 cents; over 1-2 a mile, and not exceeding a mile, 44 cents; and in that proportion for any greater distance. Hand-cartmen.-For any distance not exceeding 1-2 a mile, 182-4 cents; over 1-2 a mile, and not exceeding a mile, 31 1-4 cents; and in that proportion for any greater distance. Harbour Master. The office of harbour master was created in 1808, by legislative enactment, with power to regulate and station all vessels in the harbour, or at the wharfs, to accommodate vessels wishing to discharge their cargoes, and to decide promptly all disputes connected with the foregoing subjects. Resisting his authority subjects to a fine of 50 dollars and costs, for the benefit of the New York hospital. Fees. On vessels unloading, 11-2 cent per ton. Vessels paying foreign duties and tonnage, double; which must be paid within 48 hours after arrival. Schooners and sloops in the coasting trade, 2 dollars. For adjusting any difference respecting situation, 2 dollars. Pilots must register their vessels, names, and places of abode, in his office; and are obliged to put to sea whenever ordered by him. The penalty for refusing is 5 dollars and loss of licence. Pilotage. in casks Almonds, in cases in bales double bales in bags Cheese, in casks or tubs Cassia, in boxes Cinnamon, in boxes - Cloves, in casks Figs, in boxes in mats or frails in casks in boxes Hemp, in bales Indigo, in cases Lead (white, in oil) in kegs · 5 lbs. • 10 per cent. 8 8 lbs. - 16 do. if the kegs are packed in hogsheads, extra allowed for the hogshead is (white, dry) in casks (red, dry) do.. (red, in oil) do. in casks There are 9 branch and 9 deputy pilots, and as many registered boats. Rates of Pilotage.-Every pilot who shall take charge of any vessel to the eastward or southward of the White Buoy on the eastern ridge near the bar, and conducts and moors safely such vessel to a proper wharf, or from the city to the southward or eastward of said buoy, is entitled by law to the following rates, to wit:-For vessels of the United States, and those who are entitled by treaty to enter upon the same terms as American vessels, the sums which follow:Every vessel drawing less than 14 feet, 1 dol. 50 cts. per foot; do. drawing 14 feet, and less than 18, 1 dol. 75 cts. per foot; do. drawing 18 feet or upwards, 2 dols. 25 cts. per foot. The same rates of pilotage to be allowed for any vessel that may be piloted any where within the Hook, whose master or owner does not wish the same to be brought to the city wharfs. Half pilotage only to be allowed to any pilot who shall take charge of a vessel to the westward of the White Buoy. No pilotage whatsoever to be given to any pilot, unless he shall take charge of a vessel to the southward of the upper Middle Ground, nor unless such vessel shall be of 70 tons burden, provided the usual signal be not given, in which case half pilotage is to be allowed. Between the 1st of November and the 1st of April, inclusive, 4 dols. additional to be allowed for vessels of 10 feet water and upwards; if less than 10 feet, 2 dols. One fourth additional to be given to the pilots who shall take charge of vessels out of sight of the light-house. For every day any pilot shall be required to remain on board, 3 dols. per day. Foreign vessels not entitled by treaty to enter on the same terms as those of the United States, to pay 1-4th additional to the Twine, in boxes pilots, and also 5 dols. over and above the foregoing rates of pilotage. Wardens of the Port. Vessels and goods arriving in a damaged state, and required to be Bold by auction for the benefit of underwriters out of the city of New York, must be under the inspection of the wardens, who may be required to certify the cause of the damage, and amount of sale and charges. Fees.-11-2 per cent. on gross amount of sales; and for each survey on board of any vessel, at any store, or along the docks or wharfs, 3 dols. on damaged goods; each survey on hull, spars, rigging, &c., 5 dols.; each certificate, 1 dol. 25 cts.; ditto of distress of said vessel, 2 dols. 50 cts.; same services for vessels paying foreign duties and tonnage, double. Quantity of Goods to compose a Ton. Extract from the By-Laws of the New York Chamber of Commerce. Resolved, That when vessels are freighted by the ton, and no special agreement is made between the owner of the vessel and freighter of the goods, respecting the proportion of tonnage which each particular article shall be computed at, the following regulation shall be the standard of computation: That the articles, the bulk of which shall compose a ton, to equal a ton of heavy materials, shall be in weight as follows:-1,568 lbs. of coffee in casks, 1,830 ditto in bags; 1,120 lbs. of cocoa in casks, 1,307 ditto in bags. 952 ibs. of pimento in casks, 1,110 ditto in bags. 8 barrels of flour, of 196 lbs. each. 6 barrels of beef, pork, tallow, pickled fish, pitch, tar, and turpentine. 20 cwt. of pig and bar iron, potashes, sugar, logwood, fustic, Nicaragua wood, and all heavy dye woods, rice, honey, copper ore, and all other heavy goods. 16 cwt. of coffee, cocoa, and dried codfish, in bulk, and 12 cwt. of Cried codfish in casks of any size. 6 ewt. of ship bread in casks, 7 cwt. in bags, and 8 cwt. in bulk. 200 gallons (wine measure) reckoning the full contents of the casks ef oil, wine, brandy, or any kind of liquors. 22 bushels of grain, peas, or beans in casks, 36 bushels of ditto in bulk. 36 pushels of European salt. 15 100 lbs. - 15 15 I 1-4 lbs. 3 15 per cent. - 8 - 12 3 15 8 per cent - 10 - 20 • 5 - 10 10 3 - 70 lbs. 36 - 20 - 20 - 18 We have derived these statements from the New York Annual Register, for 1831; The Picture of New York the Consul's Answers to the Circular Queries, and private communications. Prices at New York.-The following statements of the wholesale prices of some of the principal articles of exportation at New York, are taken from the New York Price Current for the 17th of September, 1836. [The Tables omitted in this article are comprehended in those which have been added to the articles IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, and SHIPS.-Am. Ed.] Bills of Exchange.-By a revised law of the State of New York, the following damages on bills drawn or negotiated in this State, and protested for non-payment, are allowed, viz. Bills drawn on the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,or district of Columbia, 3 per cent. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, or Tennessee, 5 per cent. Any other State or territory of the United States, or any other place on or adjacent to this continent, and north of the equator, or any British or other foreign possessions in the West Indies, or elsewhere on the Western Atlantic Ocean, or any port or place in Europe, 10 per cent. Such damages shall be in lieu of interest, charges of protest, and all other charges incurred previous to and at the time of giving notice of non-payment, but the holder of such bill shall be entitled to demand and recover lawful interest upon the aggregate amount of the principal sum specified in such bill, and of the damages thereou, from the time at which notice of protest for non-payment shall have been given, and payment of such principal sum shall have been de manded.-Sect. 19. If the contents of such bill be expressed in the money of account of the United States, the amount due thereon and of the damages herein allowed for the non-payment thereof, shall be ascertained and determined without any reference to the rate of exchange existing between this State and the place on which such bill shall have been drawn, at the time of the demand of payment or of notice of nonpayment.-Sect. 20. If the contents of such bill be expressed in the money of account or currency of any foreign country, then the amount due, exclusive of the damages payable thereof, shall be ascertained and determined by the rate of exchange or the value of such foreign currency, at the time of the demand of payment.--Sect. 21. TARIFF OF THE UNITED STATES.-Notwithstanding the unprecedented progress of the United States in wealth and population, their foreign trade was nearly stationary for the 10 years ending with 1830! And yet, considering the spirit of commercial enterprise by which the people, particularly in the New England States and New York, are animated, and their skill in navigation, it might have been fairly presumed that the growth of their foreign trade would, at least, have kept pace with the development of the internal resources of the country. That it did not do so is wholly owing to the policy of government. Not satisfied with the extraordinary advances their constituents had made in numbers and wealth, Congress seems to have believed that their career might be accelerated by means of Customhouse regulations!—by giving an artificial direction to a portion of the public capital and industry, and turning it into channels into which it would not naturally flow! No one who has the slightest acquaintance with the condition of America-who knows that she is possessed of boundless tracts of fertile and unappropriated land-that her popu lation is comparatively thin, and wages high-can doubt for a moment that agriculture must, for a long series of years, be the most profitable species of employment in which her citizens can engage. There can be no question, indeed, that such branches of manufacture as are naturally adapted to her peculiar situation, will gradually grow up and flourish in America, without any artificial encouragement, according as her population becomes denser, and as the advantage which now exists on the side of agriculture becomes less decided. But to force, by means of duties and prohibitions, the premature growth of manufactures, is plainly to force a portion of the industry and capital of the country into businesses in which it will be least productive. Such, however, has been, for a lengthened period, the policy of the American legislature. The exploded sophisms of the mercantile system, though renounced by every statesman in Europe, acquired a noxious influence in congress, and were put forth with as much confidence, as if their soundness neither had been, nor could be, questioned! From 1816 down to 1832, the object of the American legislature was to bolster up a manufacturing interest, by imposing oppressive duties on most manufactured articles imported from abroad. Now, it is obvious even had the articles produced in America through the agency of this plan been as cheap as those they superseded, that nothing would have been gained by it; for, to whatever extent the importation of foreign articles may be diminished, there must be a corresponding diminution in the exportation of native American products; so that the only result would have been the raising up of one species of industry at the expense of some other species, entitled to an equality of protection. But the "American system" was not so innocuous. Instead of the goods manufactured in the States being as cheap as similar ones manufactured in Europe, they were admitted to be, at an average, from 30 to 100 per cent. dearer! The extent of the pecuniary sacrifice that was thus imposed on the Union has been variously estimated by American writers; but we have been assured by those who have the best means of knowing, that it may be moderately estimated at from 50,000,000 to 60,000,000 dollars, or from about 11,000,000l. to 13,000,000l.! And this immense burden -a burden nearly three times as great as the whole public expenditure of the republic-was incurred for no purpose of public utility, and was productive of nothing but mischief. The whole effect of the scheme was to divert a certain amount of the national capital from the production of cotton, wheat, rice, tobacco, &c., the equivalents sent to foreigners in payment of manufactured goods, to the direct production of these goods themselves! And as the latter species of industry is nowise suitable for America, a tax of 13,000,000l. a year was imposed on the Union, that the manufacturers might be enabled to continue a losing business. We leave it to others to determine whether the absurdity of the system, or its costliness, be its more prominent feature. That its influence was not more injurious, is solely owing to the smuggling it occasioned. With a frontier like that of America, and with a half or more of the population hostile to the tariff, it would have been worse than absurd to suppose that it could be carried into full effect. But it had enough of influence to render it in the last degree prejudicial-to occasion a great rise in the price of many important arcicles to cripple the trade and navigation of the country-and to throw a considerable part of it into the hands of foreigners, who carried it on in defiance of the law. It is difficult, however, to say how long this perverse system might have been maintained, but for its political effects. It was principally patronised by the Northern States. We Delieve, indeed, that it is quite impossible to show that they either did or could derive any benefit from it; but, at all events, it is quite certain that it was highly injurious to the Southern States. Their staple products are cotton, tobacco, and rice, of which by far the largest portion is exported to foreign countries: and the planters speedily found that every restriction on importation from abroad occasioned a corresponding difficulty of exportation. This led to a disunion of interests, and to strong remonstrances against the tariff by the Southern States. These, however, were disregarded. Provoked by this treatment, South Carolina took the decisive step of refusing to enforce the customs acts; and threatened, if coercion were attempted, to repel force by force, and to recede from the Union! This was a death-blow to the tariff. Congress now saw, what all sensible men had seen long before, that it was necessary to recede; that, in fact, either the tariff must be modified, or the integrity of the Union be brought into jeopardy. A law was accordingly passed on the 14th of July, 1832, which directed a considerable deduction to be made from the duties on various articles after the 3d of March, 1833; and a subsequent act, commonly called "Mr. Clay's New Tariff Bill," was passed on the 2d of March, 1833, providing for the future gradual reduction of the duties. These judicious acts restored tranquillity; and, there can be no doubt, will be, in every point of view, highly beneficial to the republic. We subjoin the act of the 22d of March, 1833, and the explanatory letter of Mr. M'Lane, Secretary to the Treasury. Mr. CLAY'S NEW TARIFF BILL, To modify the Act of the 14th of July, 1832, and all other Acts imposing Duties on Imports. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in congress assembled, that, from and after the 31st of December, 1833, in all cases where duties are imposed on foreign imports by the act of July 14, 1832, entitled "An Act to alter and amend the several Acts imposing Duties on Imports," or by any other act, shall exceed 20 per cent. on the value thereof, one tenth part of such excess shall be deducted; from and after the 31st of December, 1835, another tenth part thereof shall be deducted; from and after the 31st of December, 1837, another tenth part thereof shall be deducted; from and after the 31st of December, 1839, another tenth part thereof shall be deducted; and from and after the 31st of December, 1841, one half of the residue of such excess shall be deducted; and from and after the 30th of June, 1812, the other half thereof shall be deducted. Sect. II. And be it further enacted, that so much of the second section of the act of the 14th of July aforesaid, as fixes the rate of duty on all milled and fulled cloth, known by the name of plains, kerseys, or Kendal cottons, of which wool is the only material, the value whereof does not exceed 35 cents a square yard, at 5 per cent. ad valorem, shall be and the same is hereby repealed. And the said articles shall be subject to the same duty of 50 per cent. as is provided by the said 2d section for other manufactures of wool, which duty shall be liable to the same reductions as are prescribed by the 1st section of this act. Sect. III. And be it further enacted, that until the 30th of September, 1842, the duties imposed by existing laws, as modified by this act, shall remain and continue to be collected. And from and after the day last aforesaid, all duties on imports shall be collected in ready money, and all credits now allowed by law, to the payment of duties, shall be and are hereby abolished, and such duties shall be laid for the purpose of raising such revenues as may be necessary to an economical administration of the government; and from and after the day last aforesaid, the duties required to be paid by law on goods, wares, and merchandise, shall be assessed upon the value thereof at the port where the same shall be entered, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. Sect. IV. And be it further enacted, that, in addition to the articles now exempted by the act of the 14th of July, 1832, and the existing laws, from the payment of duties, the following articles imported from and after the 31st of December, 1833, and until the 30th of June, 1842, shall also be admitted to entry free from duty; to wit, bleached and unbleached linens, table linens, linen napkins, and linen cambrics, and worsted stuff goods, shawls, and other manufactures of silk and worsted, manufactures of silk, or of which silk shall be the component material of chief value, coming from this side of the Cape of Good Hope, except sewing silk. Sect. V. And be it further enacted, that from and after the said 30th of June, 1812, the following articles shall be admitted to entry free from duty; to wit, indigo, quicksilver, sulphur, crude saltpetre, grindstones, refined borax, emery, opium, tin in plates or sheets, gum Arabic, gum Senegal, lac dye, madder, madder root, nuts and berries used in dyeing, saffron, turmeric, woad or pastel, aloes, ambergris, Burgundy pitch, cochineal, camomile flowers, coriander seed, catsup, chalk, cocculus Indicus, horn plates for lanterns, ox horns, other horns and tips, India rubber, unmanufactured ivory, juniper berries, musk, nuts of all kinds, oil of juniper, unmanufactured rattans and reeds, tortoiseshell, tin foil, shellac, all vegetables used principally in dyeing and composing dyes, weld, and all articles employed chiefly for dyeing, except alum, copperas, bichromate of potash, prussiate of potash, chromate of potash, and nitrate of lead, aquafortis and tartaric acid. And all imports on which the 1st section of this act may operate, and all articles now admitted to entry, free from duty or paying a less rate of duty than 20 per cent. ad valorem before the said 30th of June, 1842, from and after that day may be admitted to entry, subject to such duty, not exceeding 20 per cent, ad valorem, as shall be provided for by law. Sect. VI-And be it further enacted, that so much of the act of July 14, 1832, or of any other act, as is inconsistent with this act, shall be and the same is hereby repealed: provided that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prevent the passage, prior or subsequent to the said 30th of June, 1842, of any act or acts from time to time, that may be necessary to detect, prevent, or punish evasion of the duties on imports imposed by law; nor to prevent the passage of any act prior to the 30th of June, 1812, in contingency either of excess or deficiency of revenue, altering the rate of duties on articles which, by the aforesaid act of the 14th of July, 1832, are subject to a less rate of duty than 20 per cent. ad valorem, in such manner, as not to exceed that rate, and so as to adjust the revenue to either of the said contingencies. Circular to Officers of the Customs. Treasury Department, April 20, 1833. The 7th section of the act of the 14th of July, 1832, entitled "An Act to alter and amend the several Acts imposing the Duties on Imports," provides, that in all cases where the duty which now is or hereafter may be imposed on any goods, wares, or merchandise imported into the United States, shall, by law, be regulated, or be directed to be estimated or levied upon the value of the square yard, or any other quantity or parcel thereof, and in all cases where there is or shall be imposed any ad valorem rate of duty on any goods, wares, or merchandise imported into the United States, it shall be the duty of the collector, within whose district the same shall be imported or entered, to cause the actual value thereof, at the time purchased, and place from which the same shall have been imported into the United States, to be appraised, estimated, and ascertained, and the number of such yards, parcels, or quantities, and such actual value of every of them as the case may require; and it shall, in every case, be the duty of the appraisers of the United States, and every of them, and every other person who shall act as such appraiser, by all the reasonable ways or means in his or their power, to ascertain, estimate, and appraise the true and actual value, any invoice or affidavit thereto to the contrary notwithstanding, of the said goods, wares, and merchandise, at the time purchased, and place from whence the same shall have been imported into the United States, and the number of such yards, parcels, or quantities, and such actual value of every of them as the case may require, &c. &c. The 9th section of the same act provides, "that it shall be the duty of the secretary of the treasury, under the direction of the President of the United States, from time to time to establish such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the laws of the United States, as the President of the United States shall think proper, to secure a just, faithful, and impartial appraisal of all goods, wares, and merchandise as aforesaid, imported into the United States, and just and proper entries of such actual value thereof, and of the square yards, parcels, or other quantities, as the case may require, and of such actual value of every of them; and it shall be the duty of the secretary of the treasury to report all such rules and regulations, with the reasons therefor, to the next session of Congress.' The 1st section of the act of the 24 of March, 1833, entitled "An act to modify the Act of the 14th of July, 1832, and all other Acts imposing Duties on Imports," declares, "that from and after the 31st of December, 1833, in all cases where duties are imposed on foreign imports by the act of the 14th of July, 1832, entitled An Act to alter and amend the several Acts imposing Duties on Imports,' or by any other act, shall exceed 20 per cent. on the value thereof, one tenth part of such excess shall be deducted," &c. It is believed that by this provision, and as necessary to the execution of the law, all duties imposed by any act of Congress upon foreign imports are substantially regulated by, and are directed to be estimated and levied upon, the value of the square yard, where that is the form, and upon some other quantity or parcel in cases where the duty is not imposed by the square yard; and that consequently the authority conferred by the 9th section aforesaid must necessarily be exercised, for the more effectual execution of the said act of the 2d of March, 1833. The following rules and regulations are therefore established, under the direction of the President |