Stations for bringing-to. Rothsay Bay, Iving and being within Boyany • Oban Bay, in the county of Argyle, as lies • The harbour. Entrance of the harbour. Kirkaldy Aberdour and ? Burntisland Burntisland Roads, Dundalk Galway Limerick Garmoyle Roads, in Belfast Lough. Port Rush Bay, outside the harbour. Between the Spit buoy and the town of Cove. Between Ferry Point to the southward and Upper Cove, on the castern side of the Within the entrance of the harbour, between North Crook, at the entrance of the Boyne. To the eastward, or under the shelter of, Tarbert's Roads, to the southward of Tarbert Greencastle, situate on the north side of Londonderry. Lough Foyle. Newry Kilibegs New Ross } Dungarvan. Westport Wexford [It was at first intended by the American editor to annex to the present article such information concerning the topics treated in it, and having relation to the United States, as might be desirable for those occasionally to refer to who consult a commercial dictionary. On proceeding to this task, however, it became manifest to him that the execution of his design was quite impracticable in any thing like reasonable bounds. Not to speak of copying the very words of the acts of Congress, or of the sections of acts of Congress, which prescribe the course in every case to be pursued by the importer or exporter of merchandise, a digest only of these enactments, after the manner of Gordon, would occupy altogether a disproportionate space in the present work. Indeed, the space occupied by the 9th book of this author, much of which contains matter that would have a claim for insertion here, amounts to no less than 200 closely printed octavo pages. For the reason which has been stated, the reader is referred for the information in question to Story's Laws of the United States, or to Gordon's Digest of those laws.—Am. Ed.] IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, the articles imported into and exported from a country. We have explained in another article (BALANCE OF TRADE), the mode in which the value of the imports and exports is officially determined by the Custom-house, and have shown the fallacy of the common notions as to the advantage of the exports exceeding the imports. The scale of prices according to which the official value of the imports and exports is determined having been fixed so far back as 1698, the account is of no use as showing their true value; but it is of material importance as showing the fluctuations in their quantity. We were anxious, had the means existed, to have given accounts of the various articles imported and exported at different periods during the last century, that the comparative increase or diminution of the trade in each might have been exhibited in one general view. Unluckily, however, no means exist for completing such an account. The Tables published by Sir Charles Whitworth, Mr. Macpherson, and others, specify only the aggregate value of the imports from and exports to particular countries, without specifying the articles or their value of which such imports and exports consisted. And on applying at the Custom-house, we found that the fire in 1814 had destroyed the records; so that there were no means of compiling any complete account of the value of the articles imported or exported previously to that periou. We therefore have been obliged to confine ourselves, except as respects the period since 1815, to an attempt to exhibit the amount of the trade with each country for such periods as scemed best calculated to show its real progress. Those selected for this purpose, in the first of the following Tables, are periods of peace; for, during war, the com merce with particular countries is liable to be extended or depressed so far oeyond its natural limits as to afford no means of judging of its ordinary amount. The averages given in the Table (with the exception of 1802), are sufficiently extensive to neutralise the influence of such extraordinary circumstances (whether arising from bad harvests, the repeal or imposition of duties, or any other cause), as might materially affect an average for 2 or 3 years only; and as they extend from 1698 to 1822, they afford a pretty complete view of the progress of the foreign trade of Great Britain. This Table was compiled from official documents by Mr. Cesar Moreau, and may be safely relied on. The Tables which follow have either been copied from, or have been founded upon, official returns. Nos. IV. and V. give, in a brief space, by far the most complete view of the foreign trade of the empire during the half dozen years ending with 1835, than is anywhere to be met with. The proportional value of our export trade to different countries is, for the first time, exhibited in Table V. During the first half of last century, and previously, woollen goods formed the principal article of native produce exported from Great Britain; and next to it were hardware and cutlery, leather manufactures, linen, tin, and lead, copper and brass manufactures, coal, earthenware, provision, slops, &c. Corn formed a considerable article in the list of exports down to 1770; since which period the balance of the corn trade has been, with a few excep tions, very decidedly on the side of importation. Cotton did not begin to be of any importance as an article of export till after 1770; but since then the extension and improvement of the cotton manufacture has been so astonishingly great, that the exports of cotton stuffs and yarn amount, at this moment, to about a half of the entire exports of British produce and manufactures!-(See vol. i. p. 526.) The export of woollen goods has been comparatively stationary. The principal articles of import during the last half century have consisted of sugar, tea, corn, timber and naval stores, cotton wool, sheep's wool, woods and drugs for dyeing, wine and spirits, tobacco, silk, tallow, hides and skins, coffee, spices, bullion, &c. Of the colonial and other foreign products imported into England, considerable quantities have always been re-exported. TABLES OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 1. Account of the Official Value of the Import and Export Trade of Great Britain with all Parts of the World, at an Annual Medium of the undermentioned Periods; specifying the separate Amount of the Trade with each Country for such Periods. Imports into Great Britain from all Parts, of all Sorts Exports from Great Britain to all Parts, of all Sorts of Countries. Annual Medium of Five Periods of Peace, viz. Annual Medium of Five Periods of Peace, viz. 1816-1822. Lumpe, British Irelaut, Guern sey Jersey. Al, drrey, Min, an the Whale Fishery Gibraltar (from 1801, Malta and loman Islands) 1698-1701. 1749-1755. 1784-1792. In 1802. 1816-1822. 1698-1701. 1749-1755. 1784-1792. In 1802. £ £ £ € £ £ £ £ £ £ 1.598,176 2,135,870 3,885,999 5,915,853 4.891,885 3,114,285 4,166,669) 4,761,965 15,015,209 17,010,926 1,490,904 || 1,533,896 2,860,914 3,123,007 3,308,502 1,451,231 3,129,499 3,187,139 7,209,291 8,324,967 17.421 31.279 1,029,780 2,529,998 9.193,015 12,997,679 13,491,56 5,353,463 9,291,338 10,411,023 26.430,141 31,680.002 714,105 1,795,747 2,949,816, 3,219,446 213,841 809,546 6,161,179 531,712 737,576 2,001,690 5,605,626 10,890,830 17,695,335 Grand Total. 5,569,952 8,211,346 17,716,752 31,442,318 34,921,538 6,449,594 12,220,974 18,621.942 41,411,966 53,126,195 Europe, North 110,416 488,053 1,619,146 Ra Fratte Portugal 77.003 $4,507 181,1831 280,633 2,182,430 2,258,975 327,350 132,303 140,138 155,672 196,517 595.544 1,057,603 681,169 687.-05 552,291 1,192,030 684,741 757,621 1,345,212 1,566,311, 8.005.257 624,410 407,2.0, 717,057 1,000,768 961,269 2,044,228 2,442,947 2,317,956 4,392,617 4,337,316 60,962 452,731 424,434 737,360 288,549 645,486, 961,711 492,193 437,869 724,287 $30,937 877,436 57,445 921,492 2,390,103 1,314,079 675,348 1,24.344. 1,953,154 709,179 1,421,294 613,923 $3.025 202.09 Spain 566,527) 166,115 437,483 Italy Turkey 276,906 165 071 184,545 182,424 306,678 218,002 133,674 121,577 163,134 3.699,715 764,110 891,169 986,409 1,923,504 18,617 48,750 221,413 3,267,458 367,935 716,572 FOREIGN TRADE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. . Account specifying the Official and Declared Value of the Exports of British an Irish Produce and Manufacture, and the Official Value of the Exports of Foreign and Colonial Merchandise, from Great Britain to Foreign Parts; with the Official Value of the Imports into the same, also from Foreign Parts, in each Year since 1798. Years ending the 5th of Declared Value. Official Vahre. £25,122,203 *Records destroyed by fire--From the year ending the 5th of January, 1815, inclusive, British produce and manufactures have been included in the returns of Irish produce, &c. from Ireland, and consequently omitted in the column heated Exports, Foreign, Colonial, and British, under which they have been previously returned. The exports from Ireland to foreign parts are inconsiderable. Their declared value, in 1835, was only 445,5001.-(See post.) III. Account showing the Quantities of the principal Articles of British and Irish Produce or Manufacture exported from Ireland in different Years, from 1801 to 1825, to all Countries; showing also the aggregate Official Value of such Exports, with the Portion thereof exported to Foreign Countries, and to Great Britain. The above Table shows the inconsiderable amount of the trade of Ireland with all countries, except Great Britain. In 1825, the trade between the two divisions of the empire was placed on the footing of a coasting trade, and no account has since been kept of the quantity or value of the commodities passing between them, with the exception of corn. 1,534,512 2,141,776 56,230,575 6,564 49,531,139 1,150,461 301 55,114,515 391,489 280,999 434,125 334,323 466,390 4,992,840 6,297,264 6,447,424 7,705,070 9,101,956 625,415 1,132,781 877,959 637,818 697,667 5,164,483 583,843 674.459 478.027 32,267 40,562 87,318 |