luctance, actuated by no selfish motives of aggression, only as the very last resource for the preservation of what she considers essential to her national safety. No nation can be more anxious for peace, but if guarantees for the future immunity of Korea from The Nineteenth Century and After.

Russian aggression, more substantial than covenants and treaties, cannot be obtained without war, then war must be undertaken, no matter what its cost, no matter how uncertain its outcome or the terrible wide-world issues it may ultimately involve.

Joseph H. Longford.

It is only natural that there should be at the present moment a large demand for books about the Far Eastbooks new and old,, books dealing with politics, race questions, national resources, manners, religions, and topography. There is perhaps too great a tendency to study politics in preference to topography, manners and customs rather than the inner life of the people. But in order to understand the aims, ideals and hopes of statesmen it is necessary to understand also the people whom they represent. Japanese, indeed all Oriental, are far different from Western ideals, and this must be borne in mind by all those who would grasp the meaning and the probable future of the history that is now being made in the Far East.

The following list of books, with occasional comments, does not pretend to approach completeness, but it is given in the hope that it may prove useful to those of our readers who desire to increase their knowledge of the Far East.

JAPAN.

Historical Development:

"Japan in Transition," by S. Ransome. (1899. Harper.) A comparative study of its progress since the war with China; a sound, useful work.

"Advance, Japan," by J. Morris.

(1895. Allen.) General history and present condition, social and military. "The New Far East," by Arthur Diósy. (1900. Cassell.) Useful for the understanding of political conditions.

"A History of Japan," by Sir F. O. Adams. (1874. King. 2 vols.) "The Real Japan," by Henry Norman. (1893. Fisher Unwin.)

"The Story of Japan," by David Murray. (Fisher Unwin.)

"Japan," by Dr. David Murray. (1894. Story of Nations Series. Fisher Unwin.) Only the later chapters are "topical."

"Japan, our New Ally," by A. Stead. (1902. Fisher Unwin.)

"Japan and China: Their History, Arts, Science, Manners, Customs, Laws, Religions, and Literature," by Capain F. Brinkley. (1903-4. To be completed in 12 volumes. T. C. & E. C. Jack.)

"Feudal and Modern Japan," by Arthur May Knapp. (1898. 2 vols. Duckworth.)

"A Maker of the New Japan: The Life of Joseph Hardy Neesima, Founder of Doshisha University, Japan," by Rev. J. D. Davis, D.D., Professor in Doshisha. (Revell.)

"A Maker of the New Orient-Samuel Rollins Brown," by W. E. Griffis. (Revell.)

"What Will Japan Do?" by J. Morris. (1898. Lawrence and Bullen.)

The Japanese Point of View:

"Japan and the Pacific," by M. Inagaki. (1890. Fisher Unwin.)

Japanese Social Life:

"Things Japanese," by Basil Hall Chamberlain. (1902. Murray.) May be counted as an "essential" book.

"Japanese Homes and their Surroundings,” by E. S. Morse. (1888. Sampson Low.) A fascinating book.

"Japanese Girls and Women," by Alice Mabel Bacon. (Gay and Bird.)

"Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan," by Lafcadio Hearn. (1902. Kegan Paul. 2 vols.)

"Kokoro: Japanese Inner Life," by Lafcadio Hearn. (1902. Gay and Bird.)

"Out of the East: Studies in New Japan," by Lafcadio Hearn. (1902. Kegan Paul.)

"Kotto: being Japanese Curios," by Lafcadio Hearn. (1902. Macmillan.)

No one can understand Japan and the Japanese who has not read Lafcadio Hearn.

"Queer Things About Japan," by Douglas Sladen. (Second edition, 1904. Treherne.) A picturesque account of Japanese life and manners.

"The Soul of the Far East," by Percival Lowell. (Houghton Mifflin, and Gay and Bird.)

"Unbeaten Tracks in Japan," by Mrs. Bishop. (1900. Newnes. 2 vols.) A brilliant book; a peep into the "interior."

"The Heart of Japan," by C. L. Brownell. (1902. Methuen.) A clever view of Japanese daily life. "The Evolution of the Japanese, Social and Psychic," by Sidney L. Gulick, M.A. (Revell.)

"Japanese Physical Training," by H. Irving Hancock. (1904. Putnam.) Shows how the system of exercise, diet, and general mode of living has made the Japanese one of the healthiest, strongest and happiest races.

The Art of Japan:

"The Ideals of the East," by Okakura. (1903. Murray.)

"An Artist's Letters from Japan," by J. La Farge. (1897. Fisher Unwin.) Admirably written; pictures seen with the eye of an artist.

"Japan and its Art," by M. B. Huish. (1888. Fine Art Society.) An excellent book in every way.

General Books of Travel:

"From Far Formosa: The Island, its People and Missions," by George Leslie Mackay, D.D. (New and cheaper edition. Oliphant, Anderson.)

"The Gist of Japan: The Islands and their people," by the Rev. R. B. Peery. (Revell.)

"Japonica," by Sir Edwin Arnold. (1891. Osgood.)

"Seas and Lands," by Sir Edwin Armold. (1894. Longmans.)

"Japan As We Saw It," by M. Bickersteth. (1893. Sampson Low.) "Around the World through Japan," by Walter Del Mar. (1903. Black.) "Gleanings from Japan," by W. G. Dickson. (1889. Blackwood.)

"On the Coasts of Capay and Cipango, Forty Years Ago," by William Blakeney, R.N. (1902. Elliot Stock.)

A record of surveying service; most useful for the understanding of the naval situation. Good charts and maps.

"Lotus Time in Japan," by H. Finck. (1895. Lawrence and Bullen.) "A Handbook of Modern Japan," by Ernest W. Clement. (1903. McClurg.)

"Handbook for Travellers in Japan," by Basil H. Chamberlain and W. Ma(1903. Murray.)

son.

Anglo-Japanese Life:

2

"A Diplomatist's Wife in Japan," by Mrs. Fraser. (1900. Hutchinson. vols.) Very good and informative. "First American Envoy in Japan," by T. Harris. (1895.) The beginning of the New Japan.

"Eight Years Work and Travel in Japan," by E. G. Holtham. (1883. Kegan Paul.)

"Half-Hours in Japan," by Rev. H. Moore. (1900. Fisher Unwin.)

"Rambles through Japan," by A. Tracy. (1892. Sampson Low.)

"Rambles in Japan," by Canon Tristram. (1895. Religious Tract Society.)

"On Short Leave to Japan," by F. E. Younghusband. (1894. Sampson Low.) "Three Rolling Stones in Japan," by G. Watson. (1903. Arnold.)

"Japan and Her People," by Anna Hartshorne. (1904. Kegan Paul.)

A work on the conflict of the various national interests in the Far East. Senator Beveridge has made an extended tour through China, Japan, Siberia, and European Russia, studying people and 'methods. His observations on the development of Russian and German influence have a significance for traders, and he is unsparing in his criticism of the apparent apathy of both the AngloSaxon Powers in relation to the vast political and commercial problems of Asia.

"In the Uttermost East," by Charles H. Hawes. (Harper.)

An account of investigations among the natives and Russian convicts of the Island of Sakhalin, with notes of travel in Korea, Siberia, and Manchuria. The author is the first English traveller to explore the northern interior.

Meredith

"Asia and Europe," by Townsend. (New Edition, with an additional chapter. Constable.)

Studies presenting the conclusions formed by the author in a long life devoted to the subject of the relations between Asia and Europe.

"Things Chinese: or, Notes connected with China," by J. Dyer Ball. (1904. Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Murray.)

"The Expansion of Russia, 18151900," by F. H. Skrine. (C. J. Clay and Sons, Cambridge University Press.)

"The Imperial Russian Navy: Its Past, Present, and Future," by Fred T. Jane. (A new and completely revised edition, 1904. Thacker.)

The Academy.

"The Break-Up of China," by Admiral Lord Charles Beresford. (Harper.) An account of its commerce, currency, waterways, armies, railways, politics, and future prospects.

"China in Transformation," by Archibald Ross Colquhoun. (Harper.) "The 'Overland' to China," by Archibald Ross Colquhoun. (Harper.)

"China's Only Hope." An appeal by Chang Chih Tung, Viceroy of Liang Hu, with indorsement by the present Emperor. Translated by the Rev. S. I. Woodbridge. Introduction by the Rev. Griffith John, D.D. (Revell.)

"China in Convulsion: The Origin; The Outbreak; The Climax; The Aftermath." A survey of the cause and events of the recent uprising, by Arthur H. Smith. (Revell. 2 vols.)

"Korean Sketches." By the Rev. James S. Gale. (Revell.) A Missionary's observations in the Hermit Nation.

"East of the Barrier, or Sidelights on the Manchuria Mission," by J. Miller Graham. (Oliphant Anderson.) Social habits and national characteristics.

"Stanford's New Map of the Siberian Railway." Scale, 110 miles to an inch. (1904. Stanford.)

"Stanford's Map of Eastern China, Japan, and Korea." Scale, 110 miles to an inch. (1904. Stanford.)

II.

THE SHRINE OF LOYOLA.

In the immortal Brown, Jones, and Robinson of Dicky Doyle, there is a picture of the kind of conveyance in which our fathers travelled over Europe in the days when Queen Victoria was young

and they were all in love with her-the days before the big expresses were thundering up and down and across the continents. It is a high diligence, piled with luggage and human beings, and on its topmost peak the heroes may be observed, flattening themselves in unseemly terror, as the stout German team sweeps them towards a tunnel of

inadequate proportions. On the top of just such another diligence we found ourselves in the second year of King Edward, in the province of Guipúzcoa, the country of the Basques, on the road from Arona to Azpeitia. But, the day being a holiday, our diligence was more completely covered with human beings than that historic one; and there were a good many local Brown, Jones, and Robinsons on the topmost peak, which happened—regrettably-to be my box. We also were, if not quite unmanned, nervous and distressed, not because our team were bearing us recklessly onward, but because they could not get on at all. It was at the first hill that the horses struck. There were five of them, it is true, but they were only Spanish horses, which are to ours as a peseta to a shilling. Wedged in ourselves by this undue weight of passengers, we sat gazing thoughtfully at a rocky bank beneath, on which it seemed likely we should soon be lying, with the luggage and a crowd of persons on the top of us. For the driver had jumped down and the team were all five turning round to look him in the face. The other passengers, with their clean, round, holiday faces beaming from under their round caps, were enjoying the fun and shouting encouragements in the Basque tongue to driver and horses alternately. It was a long time before one of them thought of relieving the horses of his weight, but at length two or three dropped to the ground, and the hapless animals broke into their usual hand-gallop, uphill and down, the top-heavy vehicle swaying behind them. Fortunately, passengers and packages were for the most part bound for the nearer villages and hamlets, and their load diminished rapidly.

The villages of this mountain valley, down which the Urola flows, are squalid even when they are called towns, and the great brown mass of a church

will stand up imposing at a distance, and strangely incongruous electric lights hang in the narrow old-world streets. I remember near Cestona a picturesque mediæval bridge leading to a green jalousied villa, gay in a garden of lilacs. And at the entrance of the narrow ancient bridge stood an electric lamp-post which would have done honor to the Avenue de l'Opéra, while another lamp reared its head from among the blossoms under the villa windows. Esthetically these particular lampposts were not to be praised, yet in this remote spot they set one questioning whether England is not really the most backward among the civilized countries of the world.

More than once as the Madrid express has rushed through Guipúzcoa, I have thought its banks set with primroses, its orchards full of blossom, its mountains, the dwarf woods and meadows of their lower slopes bright with the emerald of spring, their gray barren heights towering above, too beautiful to be left so summarily behind. But it must be confessed that Guipúzcoa is inhospitable. The hotels of Zaraus are closed except for three summer months, those of Zumarraga are bad, and to say that the hotel at Loyola, to which we are bound, is good is to tell a falsehood. Nevertheless, the French guide does say so. The huge bathing establishment of Cestona, the mistaken-pride of the neighborhood, this Guide admires expansively. We passed it in a pleasant spot indeed on the banks of the river, large and replete with every modern ugliness. But à quoi bon? It was like the Zaraus hotels, closed.

So we came to Azpeitia, a somewhat larger and also more picturesque pueblo than those through which we had passed. The market-place was seething with people, for not only was it a holiday, but a circus was there. The ubiquitous circus! I saw it last on a