The History of the Civil War in the United States: Its Cause, Origin ... - Samuel Mosheim Smucker - Google Libros

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CONTENTS.

Origin of the Southern Rebellion-Classification of its several causes-The Act

of 1816 respecting a tariff-Agency of Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams—

Position of John C. Calhoun-He first conceives his project of Nullification-

His memorial to Governor Hamilton-The operation of a High Tariff-The

Legislature of South Carolina-Outbreak of the Nullification movement-

Vigorous measures of President Jackson--Mr. Calhoun in the United States

Senate A memorable debate-Final settlement of the difficulty-American

slavery-Its origin-The proposition of Thomas Jefferson-Slavery in the

Territories-The Compact of 1787-Compromise of Henry Clay-Annexation

of Texas-The Wilmot proviso-Compromise of 1850-Slavery in Kansas-

Rise of the Republican Party-Its principles and policy-Administration of

James Buchanan-Treason in the Federal Cabinet-Preliminary operations of

the Conspirators-Policy of Mr. Buchanan respecting Secession-Presidential

Campaign of 1860-Election of Mr. Lincoln-The doctrine of State Sovereignty

as opposed to Federal centralization-Discussion of the subject......

Effect of Mr. Lincoln's election in the South-Political movements in South

Carolina and Georgia-Excitement in Charleston-Preliminary acts and events

-Resignation of Federal officers-Election of members to the State Conven-

tion-Opponents of Secession-Alexander H. Stephens-Federal property

seized in Charleston-Conventions summoned in Georgia and Alabama-As-

sembling of the Convention of South Carolina-The first act of Secession from

the Union passed-A pathetic statement of grievances-Secession logic-Re-

flections on the result-Popular feelings at this time in Georgia, Alabama,

Mississippi and Florida-Levity and recklessness of the Secession leaders............. 57

Treasonable Proclamation of Governor Pickens-Resignation of the Representa-

tives of South Carolina in Congress-The Crittenden propositions of Com-

promise Their provisions-Scramble for Federal property-Commissioners of

South Carolina to the Federal Government-Major Anderson-The removal of

his command to Fort Sumter-Mr. Secretary Floyd-His resignation-De-

meanor of the Rebel Commissioners at Washington-The Convention of the

Slaveholding States-Important events at Savannah-Secession of Mississippi

-Pernicious influence of Jefferson Davis-Resignation of his seat in the United

States Senate The secession of Alabama-Of Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and

(7)

Various efforts made for compromise and settlement-Conciliatory meetings held

in the Northern States-Their ultimate failure-Apostacy of Alexander H.

Stephens Resignation of the Southern Representatives in the Federal Con-

gress-The Rebel Congress convened at Montgomery-Its organization—

Adoption of a Provisional Constitution-The organization of the Southern

Confederacy-Jefferson Davis elected President-A. H. Stephens chosen Vice

President-Prophecies of Senator Wigfall-Biographical sketches of Jefferson

Davis, of Stephens, of the Cabinet Ministers of the Southern Confederacy,

Memminger, Toombs, Mallory, Walker, Benjamin-The personal qualities and

characteristics of these officers....

Assembling of the Peace Congress at Washington-Their proposals of com-

promise Their rejection and failure-Attitude of President Buchanan-

Public sentiment respecting Fort Sumter--Mission of the "Star of the West"—

Final establishment of the Confederate Government at Montgomery-Inaugu-

ration of Jefferson Davis as President-His address-Inauguration of President

Lincoln-His address-His Cabinet Officers-The famous oration of A. H.

Stephens at Savannah-Its historical importance-His first position-He refutes

Jefferson, Hamilton, and Madison-His second position-The foundation stone

of the Southern Confederacy-Absurdity and fallacy of that foundation-The

future condition and destiny of the negro race..........

The mission of Mr. Yancey and his associates to Europe-Their representations

to the French and English people-Events at Charleston-The Rebel Commis-

sioners at Washington-Their absurd deportment-General Beauregard de-

mands the surrender of Fort Sumter-Major Anderson respectfully declines-

Preparations for the bombardment of the fort-Size and strength of the works

-Sketch of Major Anderson-Sketch of General Beauregard-Commencement

of the bombardment-Heroism of the garrison-Incidents of the first day's

attack-Events of the ensuing night-The continuance of the bombardment

during the next day-Sufferings of the garrison-Ex-Senator Wigfall-A

deputation from General Beauregard-Propositions of surrender-They are

accepted by Major Anderson-Exultation of the Rebels-Why the garrison

was not reinforced-Proclamation of Governor Letcher-Proclamation of

President Lincoln.....

Enthusiasm of the Rebel States-Projected conquest of Washington-Proofs

that it was contemplated-Why it was not accomplished-Seventy-five thousand

Federal troops ordered out-Davis issues letters of marque and reprisal-Pro-

clamation of Governor Letcher-Secession of Virginia-Blockade of the

Southern ports-Aspect of the loyal States-First in the field-The attack on

Federal troops in Baltimore-Fury of the Rebel mob-Results of the attack-

Its infamy-The Federal Forts are garrisoned-Secession of Missouri-Rapid

march of Federal troops to Washington-The Chicago Zouaves-The gallant

Ellsworth-Origin of the term Zouave-History of the French Zouaves in

Algeria, in the Crimea, in Italy-Their peculiar characteristics-American

The Secession of Tennessee-Parson Brownlow-Declaration of War by the

Confederate Congress-Skirmish near St. Louis-Secession element in Balti-

more-Fort McHenry-Secession of North Carolina-Adjournment of the

Rebel Congress to convene at Richmond-Assembly of Federal troops at

Washington-The occupation of Alexandria-Assassination of Colonel Ells-

worth-Sketch of his career-His life in Chicago-Famous tour of the Chicago

Zouaves-Ellsworth's military tastes and talents-His personal appearance

and characteristics-His peculiarities as a speaker-He organizes the New

York Fire Zouaves-His death a loss to the cause of the Union-General

Robert Patterson's campaign in Virginia-Crossing the Potomac at Williains-

port-Battle of Falling Waters-Pursuit of the enemy to Hainsville-To

Martinsburg-The march to Bunker Hill-To Charlestown-Occupation of

Harper's Ferry-Results of the Campaign....

The encounters with the Rebel troops at Fairfax Court House, at Aquia Creek,

at Romney, at Phillippi-Gallantry of Colonel Kelley-Battle of Great

Bethel-Causes of the disaster-General Pierce-Death of Lieutenant Greble-

Sketch of his career-Union sentiment in Western Virginia-The new State of

West Virginia Harper's Ferry devastated by the Rebels-The Ohio troops

fired on near Vienna-Results of the attack-Operations of General McClellan

in Western Virginia-His admirable plans-The Battle of Rich Mountain-

General Garnett-Colonel Rosecrans-Results of the engagement-Sketch of

General McClellan-His conduct during the Mexican War-His reconnoissance

of the Cascade Mountains--His secret mission to the West Indies-His journey

to the Crimea-His official report as commissioner-His subsequent move-

ments-He becomes Commander of the Department of Ohio......

The extraordinary Session of Congress in July, 1861-Message of President

Lincoln-Its characteristics-Its demands-Sketch of Thaddeus Stevens-His

political career-His personal qualities-His action as chairman of the Com-

mittee of Ways and Means-Important bills passed by Congress-Opposition

of Messrs Vallandigham and Burnett to the policy of the Administration—

The civil war in Missouri-The Grand Army equipped at Washington-Com-

plaints of its prolonged inactivity-Order given to General McDowell to

advance toward Manassas-Arrangement of the Army-The advance reach

Bull Run-The preliminary conflict at that place-Repulse of General Tyler's

division-Position of the Rebel Army at Manassas-General Beauregard―The

impending contest-Temper of the Rebel troops-The arts employed to inflame

The Federal Army at Centreville-General McDowell's plan of attack-The

Divisions of Generals Tyler, Hunter and Heintzelman-Their several duties-

The March from Centreville-Interesting spectacle-General Tyler first reaches

the Battle-field-He commences the engagement-Movements of Generals

Hunter and Heintzelman-The gallant Sixty-ninth New York-The engage-

ment becomes general-Vigorous cannonading-The Rebels gradually over-

powered-The Federals victorious at mid-day-Rebel admissions to that effect—

General Johnston's troops from Winchester arrive on the battle-field-They

reverse the tide of victory-Sudden panic in the Federal Army-A general

retreat ensues-Incidents of the flight-Individual instances of heroism—

Results of the battle-Failure of the Rebel commanders to improve their

victory-Ultimate consequences..

The impression produced on the public by the Battle of Manassas-Various

causes of the Federal defeat-The preceding march-Inferiority of numbers—

Effect of masked batteries-Incompetent or inexperienced officers-Remote

position of the Reserves-Pernicious presence of spectators The coup-de-

grace-Arrival of General Johnston's troops on the field-Immense losses of

the Rebel Army-Was the defeat in reality a misfortune to the Union-Its

immediate effects-Its influence on the Army-Its influence on the Adminis-

tration-It became the means of averting greater calamities—It was the cause

of subsequent successes to the Federal forces.....

Increased energy of the Federal Government-Events in Missouri-Important

battle at Carthage-Retrograde movement of General Lyon to Springfield-

Pursuit of the Rebels under Generals McCullough and Price-Condition of

their Army-Reasons why General Lyon engaged the enemy-The great

Battle of Wilson's Creek-Disposition of the Federal forces-Temporary suc-

cess of the Rebels-Incidents of the contest-Heroism of General Lyon-His

last effort against the enemy-Its success-General Lyon's death-Discomfiture

of Colonel Sigel-Results of the Battle-Sketch of General Lyon-His rare

merits-General Fremont made Commandant of the Department of Missouri-

His policy and measures-His Anti-Slavery Proclamation-It is modified by

President Lincoln-The war against Secession not a war against Slavery..... 147

The Federal expeditions against the Rebel forts at Hatteras-The forces appro-

priated to this enterprise-Importance of Hatteras and its possession-Sailing

of the expedition-The bombardment-The surrender of the forts-Commo-

dore Barron-Commodore Stringham-Sketch of his career-Results of the

victory at Hatteras-Operations of Rosecrans in Western Virginia-Battle at

Carnifex Ferry-Defeat and flight of Floyd-Results of the victory--Events

in Missouri--Colonel Mulligan's forces at Lexington-He is attacked by General

Price-Incidents of the Battle of Lexington-Surrender of Colonel Mulligan-

Sketch of his career-Battle on Bolivar Heights-Sketch of its hero, Colonel

Geary-The Battle of Ball's Bluff-General Stone-Apprehensions of Colonel

Baker-Incidents of the engagement-Defeat and rout of the Federal troops-

Death of Colonel Baker-National sorrow at his fate-Sketch of his remarkable

career-Results of the disaster at Ball's Bluff...

Peculiarities of the war against Secession-Federal expedition under Commodore

Dupont and General Sherman-Its departure from Annapolis-Its destination

-Terrible storm near Cape Hatteras--The expedition reaches Port Royal-

Rebel forts on Bay Point and Hilton Head-Their bombardment—Their

strength-Incidents of the attack-Surrender of the forts-Results of the en-

gagement Sketch of its hero, Commodore Dupont-Naval disaster below New

Orleans-Captain John Pope-Events in Missouri-Bold achievement of Col-

onel Zagonyi near Springfield-The battle of Belmont-General U. S. Grant-

Incidents of the engagement at Belmont-Its results-Dismissal of General

Fremont from his Department of the West-Causes of his removal-His

admirable demeanor on this occasion-His subsequent appointment as com-

mander of the Mountain Department of Virginia and Tennessee..

European recognition of the Southern Confederacy-Efforts made to obtain it-

Mission of Messrs. Mason and Slidell Their arrest on board the Trent-Legality

of that arrest-The British Government demand them-They are surrendered-

Reasons of their surrender-Diplomatic note of Mr. Seward on the subject—

Argument of Mr. Sumner in the Senate-The battle of Dranesville-Incidents

of the engagement-Its results-General McCall-Sketch of his career-Dis-

missal of Mr. Cameron from the Federal Cabinet-The war in Kentucky-The

battle of Mill Springs-Incidents of the conflict-Bayonet charge of the ninth

Ohio regiment-Defeat of the Rebels-Death of General Feliz Zollicoffer-His

character-Results of the battle of Mill Springs-Subsequent flight and dis-

persion of the Rebel troops......

The Burnside expedition-Its strength and secret destination-Its departure from

Annapolis-It reaches Fortress Monroe-Another gale off Cape Hatteras-Its

results-Loss of the steamer City of New York-Heroism of General Burn-

side-The expedition enters Pamlico Sound-It steers for Roanoke Island-

Rebel works erected on that Island-The Federal troops disembark-Plan of

the attack-Incidents of the engagement-The final charge-Defeat and flight

of the Rebels-Capture of their forts-Their strength-Results of the victory—

Death of Colonel De Montreuil-Sketch of General Burnside-Attack on Fort

Henry-Strength of the fort-Number of the Federal gunboats-Incidents of

the bombardment-Surrender of the Rebel works-Trophies of the victory-

Loss on both sides-Skill and heroism of Commodore Foote-Sketch of his

career-Further operations of the Burnside expedition...

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