During the Reign of Philip III. Year. 10. Juan de Mendoza y Luna, Marquis of Montes Claros....... 1603 11. Luis de Velasco, the second, for the second time.... 1607 12. Francisco Garcia Guerra, Archbishop of Mexico.... 13. Diego Fernandez de Cordoba, Marquis of Guadalcazar..... 1612 1611 During the Reign of Philip IV. 14. Diego Carrillo Mendoza, Marquis of Gelves.... 1621 15. Rodrigo Pacheco Osorio, Marquis of Cerralvo.... 16. Lope Diaz de Armendariz, Marquis of Cadereita... 17. Diego Lopez Pacheco, Duke of Escalona..... 1624 1635 1640 18. Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Archbishop of Mexico.... 19. Garcia Sarmiento de Sotomayor, Count of Salvatierra.. 20. Marcos Torres y Rueda, Bishop of Yucatan.... 1642 1642 1648 21. Luis Enriquez de Guzman, Count of Alba de Liste.... ... 1650 22. Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva, Duke of Alburquerque... 1653 23. Juan de Leiva y de la Cerda, Marquis of Leiva... 24. Diego Osorio de Escobar, Bishop of Puebla..... 25. Antonio Sebastian de Toledo, Marquis of Mancera.. 1660 1664 1664 During the Reign of Charles II. 1673 26. Pedro Nuño de Colon, Duke of Veragua.. 27. Francisco Payo de Rivera Enriquez, Archbishop of Mexico. 1673 28. Tomas Antonio de la Cerda, Marquis of Laguna... 29. Melchor Portocarrero, Count of Monclova.... 30. Gaspar de la Cerda Sandoval, Count of Galvez.... 31. Juan de Ortega Montañez, Bishop of Michoacan... 32. José Sarmiento Valladares, Count of Montezuma... 33. Juan de Ortega Montañez, the second time.. 34. Francisco Fernandez de la Cueva, Duke of Albuquerque.... 1702 35. Fernando de Alencastre, Duke of Linares.. 36. Baltazar de Zuñiga, Marquis of Valero... 37. Juan de Acuña, Marquis of Casafuerte. 38. Juan Antonio Vizarron, Archbishop of Mexico.. 39. Pedro de Castro y Figueroa, Duke of Conquista 40. Pedro Cebrian y Agustin, Count of Fuenclara. 1734 1740 1742 During the Reign of Ferdinand VI. 41. Juan F. de Güemes y Horcasitas, Count of Revillagigedo... 1746 42. Agustin Ahumada y Villalon, Marquis of Amarillas...... During the Reign of Charles III. 43. Francisco Cajigal de la Vega..... 44. Joaquin de Monserrat, Marquis of Cruillas.... 48. Matias de Galvez, Lieutenant-General. Year. 1760 1760 1766 1771 1779 1783 49. Bernardo de Galvez, Count of Galvez ..... 1785 1787 1787 During the Reign of Charles IV. 55. Felix Berenguer de Marquina. 56. José de Iturrigaray. 57. Pedro Garibay, Field-Marshal... 52. Juan Vicente Güemes Pacheco, Count of Revillagigedo..... 1789 53. Miguel de la Grua Salamanca, Marquis of Branceforte. 54. Miguel José de Azanza...... 1794 1798 1800 1803 1808 During the Reign of Ferdinand VII. 58. Francisco Javier de Lizana, Archbishop of Mexico...... 3. Agustin I. (Iturbide), from May 19, 1822, to end of March.. 1823 18. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana, ad interim. 19. Javier Echevarria, ad interim.... 1839 1841 20. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana, as Provisional President..... 1841 21. General Nicolas Bravo and General Valentin Canalizo, as acting Presidents in place of Santa Ana from 1841 to..... 1843 Federal Republic. Year. 25. General José Mariano Salas, as Provisional President... 1846 26. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana..... 27. Valentin Gomez Farias, Vice-President. 28. General Antonio Lopez de Santa-Anna... 29. General Pedro Maria Anaya, as substitute. 30. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana... 31. Manuel de la Peña y Peña, as substitute.... ....... 1846 1846 1847 1847 1847 1847 1847 32. General Pedro Maria Anaya, second time as substitute 33. Manuel de la Peña y Peña, second time as substitute....... 1848 37. General Manuel Maria Lombardini, President ad interim.... 1853 38. General Antonio Lopez Santa Ana, dictator, from April 1, 1853, till August 9..... Federal Republic. 39. General Martin Carrera as President ad interim.... 40. General Juan Alvarez, ad interim .... 41. General Ignacio Comonfort, as substitute at first and then as Constitutional President.... Benito Juarez, ad interim at first.... 1855 1855 1855 1855 1857 and up to the time of his death, July 18, 1872. 43. Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada, as President ad interim at first and then as Constitutional President ..... 1872 44. General Juan N. Mendez, in charge of the Executive Power 47. General Porfirio Diaz (re-elected four times). 1884 Revolutionary leaders who, without legal title, held possession of the City of Mexico during the War of Reform. 1. Felix Zuloaga, from the 23d of January till the end of December.... 1858 2. Manuel Robles Pezuela, towards the end of 1858 and the beginning of ...... 3. Counsellor José Ignacio Pavon, a few days in .. Year. 1859 1859 4. Miguel Miramon, from March, 1859, till the 24th of December. 1859 Administrations upheld by the French invaders, and who governed in the places that were in the hands of the foreign army.-Regency. Pelagio de Labastida y Davalos, Archbishop of Mexico; Juan N. Almonte; Juan B. de Ormachea, Bishop of Tulancingo; Mariano Salas; and José Ignacio Pavon....... .... 1863 Archduke of Austria, Maximilian Ferdinand, from June, 1864, until May, 1867. MEXICAN INTERVENTION AND NAPOLEON'S DOWNFALL.' I have always thought that the downfall of the Napoleonic dynasty at Sedan in 1870 was due to Louis Napoleon's intervention in Mexico. But further to confirm this opinion I laid my views on the subject before competent persons who knew a great deal more about the events causing the crushing defeat of 1870 than myself. One of these was Señor Don Luis Maneyro, a Mexican gentleman who lived for many years in France; who resided there during the inception, progress, and termination of the intervention, acting both before and after the intervention as Mexican consul at Bordeaux ; and who kept himself very well posted about the political affairs of that country. Another gentleman whose opinion I regarded as carrying great weight was Mr. John Bigelow, United States Minister to France during the same period. I received answers from both gentlemen, which I do not feel at liberty to publish, altogether confirming my views. I append here a copy of the memorandum which I submitted to both gentlemen for their criticism. Memorandum.-The defeat of the French army under General Lorencez at Puebla, on May 5, 1862, and more particularly the complete failure of the French intervention in Mexico, ending with the withdrawal of the French army, and the fall and execution of Maximilian in 1867, were in my opinion, the origin and the principal cause of the humiliation of France in 1870, and the consequent downfall of Louis Napoleon. It seems to me that the French emperor, artfully using the controlling power of France to further his own ends, was always eager and ready to take part in the international troubles 'This article was published by the Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine of New York, in vol. liv., No. 1, of May, 1897, under the title of "The Fall of the Second Empire as Related to French Intervention in Mexico," and it is reproduced here without any change. |