service and failed, in consequence of Logan's conversion to the pacific anti-war ideas and societies of the Moravians and Quakers. Murray was an Englishman of the first water. He believed in the efficacy of force. He sent Colonel Cresap with his backwoods rangers after him, to compel him to serve the King. Logan retired to the Kenawa, and while his family were coming to him in a canoe across the river, Cresap's party fired at them and killed them.

Brant* in his day was the representative of a class of pagan Mohawks, who could be hired to do almost anything for promotion and money. Logan in his day was the representative of a class of the Cayugas well advanced in civilization and as much above the class to which Queen Esther belonged, as are the present Cherokees above the Sioux. He was the sachem or senator of a large canton or department of Cayugas known and distinguished by Heckewelder, Loskiel, Zinzendorf and Weiser, as Christian Indians, well settled 150 years ago, and subsequently, in the vicinity of Wyalusing and Shamokin. He was the second son of the famous Shikellimus, also a wise and honored sachem of the Five Nations, and for five and twenty years the Indian agent for his people, of the Quaker Governor of Pennsylvania. He was therefore well descended. He married the beautiful daughter of Ontonegea, another sachem of the Five Nations. He was therefore well connected. Under the ministrations of the Moravian Bishop Zeisberger, who administered the consolations of the Christian religion to his dying father and solemnized his marriage with Alvaretta, he was con verted to the doctrines of the Christian religion in or about the year 1740, baptized and christened with an English name. He was therefore entitled to be called a

*Brant died at Brantford,in Canada West,in the year 1817, and was buried in an Indian burying ground there. Hitherto nothing more than a plain slab has marked his grave The movements on this side of the lines, to honor General Sullivan, with monuments, has started the project over there, of erecting a large monument to him.

Christian as much as any of his whiter neighbors.

Logan succeeded his honored father as sachem or senator and also as agent for the Governor of Pennsylvania. He possessed alike the confidence of his people and of the provincial authorities. He was a man of

mark.

His inclinations to fight, or to join in fighting, if he ever had any in his youth, were,at the time of the destruction of his family by Cresap, apparently subdued by the influences of the whites around him. He was as highly civilized and refined as the whites. Having fallen into the non-resistant peace notions of the Quakers of that province, who constituted the most influential citizens, he was inclined to be a peace-maker, rather than a disturber of the peace. He was by precept and example, a man of kindness, hospitality and gentleness- He was a native nobleman, of dignified manners and deportment—an aboriginal sage, who kept aloof from the French war between whites, and intended to keep out of the revolutionary war, between whites. But the fates were against him -just as they have been against his people and race ever since.

Poor Lo, as you all know, has had a hard race run on this continent, ever since the white man found it, He has had a very hard time here generally and specifically. He has been doomed to all sorts of injuries and sufferings and to all sorts of anathemas. In most of his situations, he has stood as a target between hostile interests and policies and has been the victim of the arrows of both.

In 1774, Logan persisted in his peace ideas and policy, and for refusing to take sides in the preliminary skirmishes of the revolutionary war, he was punished by rifle shots aimed at his head and by the massacre of every member of his family-by a cold-blooded, deliberate, ruthless murder of everybody and everything dear to his heart, or which furnished him any motive for living.

Quaker as he was in, his anti-war notions and habits, Christian as he was in his religious sentiments, that outrage was too much for his nature to bear. It aroused the latent Indian in his bosom, to its highest pitch of intensity. He resolved upon revenge. He rallied an army of Cayugas, Delawares and Shawnees and retaliated by striking a destructive blow at Dunmore's militia at Point Pleasant. The militia staggered from the effects and shrank from another encounter. Dunmore had aroused a fiercer lion than he had expected. Dreading to encounter him again, he sent commissioners to him to sue for peace. The commissioners went to his headquarters and respectfully sued for peace. Wronged as he had been by Cresap's rangers, afflicted and desolated as he had been, the great man lifted himself up to the very summit of the sublimest Christian magnanimity, and granted the request. And he displayed his magnanimity in a speech to the commissioners which rendered his name immortal.

For himself he cared nothing. His line of descent was extinct. His blood ran in the veins of no living creature. He was painfully and drearily alone. No kith or kindred lived to smooth his dying pillow, to commend his soul to his Maker, to bury him or to mourn for him when dead. No tendril of affection bound him to earth, yet for others, for his country, he acted the moral, civilized hero that he was, and granted their request. He sent the treaty by the hand of a messenger to Governor Dunmore, that his sincerity might not be distrusted.

Whether he died of a broken heart or by violence was never certainly ascertained. All that is positively known of his demise is, that a few months after the treaty, his lifeless body was found in the woods and buried in an Indian cemetery in Pennsylvania. Had any white man manifested such remarkable traits and characteristics under such trying circumstances, anywhere in the thirteen colonies or provinces a hundred years ago, historians

would have canonized him as a martyr to the non-resistant principles of Fox, and the religion of the Saviour. As Logan was a distinguished Cayuga Sachem and an illustrious orator, whom Jefferson ranked with Demosthenes and Cicero, and as he was born, according to the traditions preserved by the survivors of his tribe (residing in Canada West and in Forestville, in the State of Wisconsin), in the ancient fortified Indian castle of Owasco, within the precincts of the present city of Auburn, now used as a rural cemetery, he, the Judge, as one of the founders of the cemetery, manifested his own respect for his memory by erecting a shaft of stone to his honor in that cemetery, over five and twenty years ago. It is a plain obelisk, fifty-six feet high, inscribed with the last words of his message to the Provincial miscreant who caused the death of his family and ultimately of himself; and it is now respected by the people of Auburn as the most significant monument on the grounds.

The Judge said, in conclusion, that, although the occasion was very unpropitious for setting forth the merits of any Indian in comparison with the merits of General Sullivan, and more so for anything like lamentation or mourning for Logan, he was glad that the committee, in framing their programme of exercises, had been so thoughtful as to remember him. And inasmuch as he had been called upon to respond to the toast, he was the more rejoiced, for the reason that it afforded him the opportunity to mention a feature of that infamous tragedy, generally overlooked or forgotten, and which ought not to sleep in oblivion.

THE PIONEER SETTLERS OF SENECA COUNTY.

A hardy, industrious band of workers, to whom we owe our present advancemen and prosperity.

Responded to by MR. D. B. LUM of Seneca Falls, as follows :

Mr. President, Gentlemen and Ladies :

Wholly without preparation, I hesitate to respond to the sentiment proposed, but I am unwilling to let this occasion pass, without rendering my hearty tribute to the memory of those whose remains lie in honored graves and who were "The Pioneer Settlers of Seneca County,' some ninety years ago, or ten years subsequent to General Sullivan's march across this county, which we celebrate to-day.

General Sullivan accomplished his mission in a few weeks of sanguinary war. His mission was to destroy. The Pioneer Settlers of Seneca County had a nobler mission. Theirs was a mission of peace, but far more difficult of accomplishment than Sullivan's. They came to subjugate the forest. They came to dispute with the beasts of the forest, the right of eminent domain (so to speak), to exercise dominion over this fair land; and although their mission was one of peace, theirs was a most formidable work. It is almost impossible at this day, for one unfamiliar with life in a wilderness country, to appreciate the difficulties, the dangers and privations, which had to be endured by those who built and occupied our first log cabins, far apart in the woods, artificial commas on nature's page-signifying a brief rest.

And, sir, it has been by the toil and sweat and sufferings of those first families, that the foundations of our present prosperity and of our social fabric have been cemented. It is to their privations, their patient endurance, and their persistent and determined efforts to conquer every obstacle, that we are indebted for whatever we enjoy of moral and social privileges with the many blessings of civilization. Time presses and forbids extended remarks. I regret my inability to do full justice to their memories and their virtues. It is no uncommon boast with man to claim association with the "first families" of the land and I must confess to a weakness in that