by jury and in a court of justice. "It is not consistent with the theory of our government," the court declare, "that the legislature should, after having defined an offense as an infamous crime, find the fact of guilt and adjudge the punishment by one of its own agents.' By the Railway Rate law of 1906 the Interstate Commerce Commission is authorized to issue various orders with reference to the conduct of their business by interstate carriers, and provision is made that violations of these orders shall be punishable by fines and forfeitures which may be recovered in civil suits in the name of the United States. necessity a source of federal power, 62, 503. administrative discretion, 885. courts will not perform administrative functions, 1011. administrative powers of the president, development of, 1158. administrative appeals, 1161. administrative decentralization in the States, 1163. administrative integration, increasing federal, 1163. administrative interpretations, 1164. administrative regulations, 1164. administrative acts, performance of, by the courts, 1274; judicial review administrative agents, judicial powers of, 1277. administrative determinations, conclusiveness of, 1278; land patents, 1281; Administrative Orders enforcement of, by mandamus, 1311. [References are to pages.] Administrative Ordinances power to issue, 1318. power to establish rates, 1323. classification of, 1325. army and navy regulations, 1326. Admiralty Jurisdiction of United States navigability the test, 1108. waters wholly within a State, 1110. dry docks, 1112. political jurisdiction not embraced within, 1113. state legislative powers, 1114. federal legislative powers, 1117. sphere of, a judicial question, 1118. Admiralty Law sources of, 1116. federal legislative power, 1117. Admission of States procedure and power of, 320. a source of power to annex territory, 531. Ad Valorem Taxes assessment of, 594. hearing required, 622. Advisory Opinions force of, 13, n. Agreements between the States, when permitted, 236. Alaska annexation of, 324. treaty provisions as to status of, 333, 419, n. an incorporated territory, 438. Alienation of Territory federal power as to, 342. effect of, on citizenship of inhabitants, 443. |