DILLER, J. S., Iron ores of the Redding quadrangle, California: Bull. 213, pp. 219220, 1903. 25c. So-called iron ore near Portland, Oreg.: Bull. 260, pp. 343-347, 1905. Exhausted. HARDER, E. C., The Taylor Peak and Whitepine iron-ore deposits, Colorado: Bull. 380, pp. 188-198, 1909. 40c. Some iron ores of western and central California: Bull. 430, pp. 219-227, 1910. Deposits of brown iron ore near Dillsburg, York County, Pa.: Bull. 430, pp. 250-255, 1910. Iron-ore deposits of the Eagle Mountains, California: Bull. 503, 81 pp., 1912. and RICH, J. L., The Iron Age iron-ore deposit near Dale, San Bernardino County, Cal.: Bull. 430, pp. 228-239, 1910. HILL, J. M., Mining districts of the western United States: Bull. 507, 309 pp., 1912. LEITH, C. K., Iron ores in southern Utah: Bull. 225, pp. 229–237, 1904. Exhausted. Iron ores of the western United States and British Columbia: Bull. 285, pp. 194-200, 1906. Exhausted. and HARDER, E. C., Iron ores of the Iron Springs district, southern Utah: Bull. 338, 102 pp., 1908. PAIGE, SIDNEY, The Hanover iron-ore deposits, New Mexico: Bull. 380, pp. 199-214, 1909. Exhausted. STEBINGER, EUGENE, Titaniferous magnetite beds on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Mont.: Bull. 540, pp. 329-337, 1914. CUBAN IRON ORES. SPENCER, A. C., Manganese deposits of Santiago, Cuba: Bull. 213, pp. 251-255, 1903. 25c. Three deposits of iron ore in Cuba: Bull. 340, pp. 318-329, 1908. IRON ORES IN GENERAL. BIRKINBINE, JOHN, Iron ores: Mineral Resources of U. S., annual volumes from 1886, 1887, and 1889 to 1905, inclusive. 50c. to $1.20. The production of iron ores in various parts of the world: Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, pp. 21-218, 1894. $1.20. BURCHARD, E. F., Iron ore, pig iron, and steel: Mineral Resources U. S. for 1911, pt. 1, pp. 119-190, 1912. 90c. Iron ore, pig iron, and steel: Mineral Resources U. S. for 1912, pt. 1, pp. 147–202, 1913. 90c. ECKEL, E. C., Iron ores of the United States: Bull. 260, pp. 317-320, 1905. Exhausted. HARDER, E. C., The production of iron ore, pig iron, and steel in 1908: Mineral Resources for 1908, pt. 1, pp. 61-134, 1909. 80c. HAYES, C. W., Iron ores of the United States: Papers on the conservation of natural resources: Bull. 394, 214 pp., 1909. 40c. SWANK, J. M., American iron trade: Mineral Resources U. S., annual voulmes, 1882 to 1904, inclusive. 50c. to $1.20. Iron and steel and allied industries in all countries: Eighteenth Ann. Rept., pp. 51-140, 1896. $1. Geologic Atlas of the United States, folios which contain sections on iron ores: Nos. 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 40, 43, 44, 55, 56, 59, 61, 62, 64, 70, 72, 78, 82, 83, 84, 90, 91, 95, 101, 115, 116, 118, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 129, 135, 138, 139, 143, 151, 157, 161, 170, 171, 174, 175, 178, 179, 182, 183, 184, 187, 191, 196. 1 Number of follos containing important notes on iron ores are printed in italics. STATE SURVEY PUBLICATIONS ON IRON ORES. Some of the publications on iron ore issued by States in which important iron-ore deposits are situated are given in the following list. It should be noted here that the United States Geological Survey does not distribute these publications. For further information concerning them application should be made to the respective State geologists or to officials of the State organization which issued the publication. Alabama: PHILLIPS, W. B., Iron making in Alabama: Alabama Geol. Survey Rept., 3d ed., 1912. California: AUBURY, L. E., Iron: California State Min. Bur. Bull. 38, p. 297, 1906. Georgia: MCCALLIE, S. W., Preliminary report on the iron ores of Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 10, p. 190, 1900. 1908. Report on the fossil iron ores of Georgia: Georgia Geol. Survey Bull. 17, Kentucky: MOORE, P. N., Report on the iron ores in the vicinity of Cumberland Gap: Kentucky Geol. Survey Rept., new ser., vol. 4, pp. 241-254, 1878. Report on Bath and Fleming counties, Ky.: Kentucky Geol. Survey, 1886. Iron ores of the Red River, Cumberland, and Hanging Rock regions, Kentucky: Kentucky Geol. Survey, Eastern Coal Fields C, 123 pp., 1884. Maryland: SINGEWALD, J. T., Report on the iron ores of Maryland: Maryland Geol. Survey, vol. 9, pt. 3, pp. 123-337, 1911. Minnesota: VAN BARNEVELD, C. E., Iron mining in Minnesota: Minnesota School of Mines Experiment Station Bull. 1, 215 pp., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1912. WINCHELL, N. H., and H. V., The iron ores of Minnesota: Minnesota Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bull. 6, 429 pp., 1891. Missouri: CRANE, G. W., The iron ores of Missouri: Missouri Bur. Geology and Mines Bull. 10, 2d ser., 434 pp., 1912. NASON, F. L., Iron ores of Missouri: Missouri Geol. Survey Rept., vol. 2, 1892. New Jersey: BAYLEY, W. S., Iron mines and mining in New Jersey: New Jersey Geol. Survey, vol. 8, 1910. New York: NEWLAND, D. H., and KEMP, J. F., Geology of the Adirondack magnetic iron ores (New York): New York State Mus. Bull. 119, 1908. NEWLAND, D. H., and HARTNAGEL, C. A., Iron ores of the Clinton formation in New York State: New York State Mus. Bull. 123, 1908. SMOCK, J. O., Iron mines and iron-ore districts in the State of New York: New York State Mus. Bull. 7, 1889. North Carolina: Ohio: NITZE, H. B. C., Iron ores of North Carolina: North Carolina Geol. Survey Bull. 1, 239 pp., 1893. ORTON, EDWARD, The iron ores of Ohio, considered with reference to their geologic order and geographic distribution: Ohio Geol. Survey, vol. 5, pp. 371-435. Pennsylvania: LESLEY, J. P., and D'INVILLIERS, E. V., Pennsylvania Second Geol. Survey Ann. Rept., pp. 491-570, 1887. MCCREATH, A. S., Analyses of iron ores of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Second Geol. Survey Rept. M3, pp. 1-55, 1879–80. Tennessee: BURCHARD, E. F., The red iron ores of Tennessee: Tennessee Geol. Survey, 116 pp., 1913. 63057°-M R 1913-VOL 1-22 Texas: COMSTOCK, T. B. A preliminary report on the central mineral region of Texas: Texas Geol. Survey First Ann. Rept., pp. 239-391, 1890. Report on the geology and mineral resources of the central mineral region of Texas: Texas Geol. Survey Second Ann. Rept., pp. 555-664, 1891. KENNEDY, W., and others, Report on the iron-ore district of eastern Texas: Texas Geol. Survey Second Ann. Rept., pp. 7–326, 1891. PENROSE, R. A. F., jr., A preliminary report on the geology of the Gulf Tertiaries of Texas from Red River to the Rio Grande: Texas Geol. Survey First Ann. Rept., pp. 3-100, 1890. Virginia: WATSON, T. L., Mineral resources of Virginia (Iron, by R. J. Holden, pp. 402–491). The Virginia Jamestown Exposition Commission, 1907. (Application should be made to the State geologist at Charlottesville.) Wisconsin: CHAMBERLIN, T. C., Clinton iron-ore deposits: Geology of Wisconsin, 1873 to 1877, vol. 2, p. 327, and atlas. WEIDMAN, S., The Baraboo iron-bearing district of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bull. 13, 1904. COBALT. By FRANK L. HESS. PRODUCTION. No cobalt was produced from domestic ore in the United States during 1913. The cobalt used in the making of high-speed steels and stellite was imported either as metal from Germany or as oxide from Canada. Probably the great source of the German cobalt is from crude copper produced by the Union Minière du Haut Katanga, in Belgian Kongo, Africa, of which 8,064 short tons was produced and shipped to Germany for refining during 1913. The crude copper contained 2.8 to 3.25 per cent of cobalt (some ran much higher in 1912), and if 3 per cent were the average content of cobalt the total was about 242 tons of metallic cobalt. This makes a by-product comparatively easily saved in electrolytic refining. In Canada considerable quantities are found with the silver ores at Cobalt, Ontario, but owing to the few known uses for cobalt only a small part of the mined cobalt minerals have been utilized. Dr. H. T. Kalmus was commissioned by the mines branch, bureau of mines, Canada, to investigate the use of cobalt, and in a preliminary report he says: 2 The mining companies receive very little return for the cobalt content of the silver ores of the cobalt district. There have been about 175,000 tons of silver-bearing ore shipped from the cobalt district since 1904, carrying approximately 7,000 tons of cobalt, which, at a reasonable market value for metallic cobalt, should have been worth in the neighborhood of $10,000,000. For this the mine owners received only $566,000. Much of this cobalt is lying as residues, etc., at the smelters, for practically the only market which it finds is a limited one for the use as blue coloring substance. For this purpose the smelters ship black cobalt oxide, which consumes about one-third of the present output of the camp, leaving to be cared for the remaining two-thirds and the surplus from other years. Thus there is a potential value of many millions of dollars in the cobalt metal of Ontario which is not being realized. Waste products running high in cobalt may be obtained in a variety of forms from the smelters, but inasmuch as the process for the production of fairly pure cobalt oxide has been very completely worked out and is being practiced on a large scale by the Canadian Copper Co., Copper Cliff, Ontario; the Deloro Mining & Reduction Co., Deloro, Ontario; the Coniagas Reduction Co., Thorold, Ontario; and the Canada Refining & Smelting Co. (Ltd.), Orillia, Ontario, it seemed advisable to use this oxide as an initial substance. The International Nickel Co. has made cobalt oxide at its plant at Bayonne, N. J., but the following notice appeared in the New York Commercial of January 19, 1914: The discontinuance of the manufacture of cobalt oxide by us leaves consumers largely dependent upon the product of German and other European manufacturers. 1 Ball, S. H., and Shaler, M. K., Mining in the Belgian Congo in 1913: Min. and Sci. Press, vol. 108, pp. 320-325, 1914. Also personal communication. Kalmus, H. T., The metal cobalt and its alloys: Canadian Min. Jour., Dec. 15, p. 794, 1913. The shutting off of production was largely due to the fact that we were unable to make profit on the item. A constantly increasing supply of cobalt was available from the regions in and around Ontario and this resulted in a lowering of prices, as demand for the article was only nominal. Our average annual output of cobalt oxide amounted to about 12,000 pounds. W. B. LAWSON, International Nickel Co. Considerable cobalt-rich speiss made from cobalt ores is known to be held at various smelters in this country, but it is known that experiments looking toward its extraction have apparently been successful and it is probable that its production as a by-product will be accomplished during 1914. No production of cobalt ores is known to have been made in New Caledonia during 1913. The ores are too lean to compete with the by-product cobalt from Cobalt and Katanga. IMPORTS. The imports for consumption of cobalt oxide, ore, and zaffer into the United States since 1906 have been as follows: Cobalt oxide, ore, and zaffer imported into the United States for consumption, 1906–1913, 1906. 1907 1908. 1909 in pounds. No record is kept of the imports of metallic cobalt. The price of cobalt during 1913 was nominally, as in 1912, about $1.90 to $2 a pound. |