ores, and a 200-ton iron blast furnace has been intermittently in operation until 1908, producing pig iron. The iron ores were mined by hydraulic methods, and the removal of the iron led to the eventual discovery of the zinc beneath, although it had been known for many years that the hematite carried some zinc. The ores are sorted by hand in the pits and then sent to the concentrating plant, where they are washed, picked, and dried for shipment. Crude ore averaging 35 per cent in zinc is shipped, and that averaging 20 per cent is concentrated to a product averaging about 30 per cent. The crude ore is wet and the product as shipped is reduced to a moisture content of from 5 to 10 per cent. VERMONT. The old copper mines of Orange County, Vt., were all reported idle in 1913. From the Elizabeth mine, of the Vermont Copper Co., however, was shipped a small tonnage of old slag which resulted in a nominal output of copper, silver, and gold. An incline shaft has been sunk 342 feet, and drifts aggregating 877 feet, and 175 feet of adits were reported at this mine. From the Bicknell property, near Corinth, was also shipped a small tonnage of crude ore, resulting in a nominal output of copper and silver at the smelters, but, according to reports, the shipment was not profitable. VIRGINIA. The production of gold in Virginia was 29.22 fine ounces of gold, valued at $604, in 1913, against 10.54 ounces, valued at $218, in 1912, and 148.22 ounces, valued at $3,064, in 1911. The yield of silver was 906 ounces, valued at $580, in 1913, against 982 ounces in 1912, and 21 ounces in 1911. The production of copper decreased from 112,835 pounds, valued at $18,618, in 1912 to 56,287 pounds, valued at $8,724, in 1913, but the output of lead increased from 469,026 pounds, valued at $21,106, in 1912 to 1,632,000 pounds, valued at $71,808, in 1913. The production of zinc increased from 497,235 pounds, valued at $34,309, in 1912 to 5,438,000 pounds, valued at $304,528, in 1913. Virginia had the largest output of lead and zinc in 1913 in many years, but the output of all the other metals, as shown above, was unimportant. Owing to the largely increased output of lead and zinc the total value of the production of the five metals in 1913 was $386,244, an increase over the total value for 1912 of $311,389, and the largest value since 1905, when separate figures of output were first recorded by the United States Geological Survey. The small gold production of Virginia in recent years has been from deep mines and mainly from nominal tonnages of siliceous ores treated. The silver and copper were from pyritic copper ores and mine waters. The lead and zinc production was from 30,034 tons of zinc and lead-zinc ores in 1913, against an output of 4,585 short tons in 1912. Seven deep mines and no placers were report ed productive in Virginia in 1913. The following table shows the production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Virginia from 1905 to 1913, inclusive: Tonnage of ore treated and mine production of metals in Virginia, 1905-1913. Fauquier County.-The Emigold prospect, near Goldvein, in Fauquier County, again made a nominal output of gold in 1913. Some activity has recently been shown in prospecting old gold mines of Fauquier County near Morrisville, some of which were productive before the Civil War and most of which have been but little worked since. These include the Franklin, in which development has recently disclosed a quartz sericite vein carrying gold associated with pyrite and chalcopyrite. The Little Elliot and Liberty prospects, the latter near Pine View, have also been reported under recent development. Louisa County. At the Allah Cooper property, near Mineral, in Louisa County, considerable work was reported in 1913. A leadzinc sulphide vein with siliceous gangue was developed and ore was placed on the dump. Cement copper was recovered and shipped, as usual, from mine waters of the Sulphur mine, which produces pyrite for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Prince William County.-The Cabin Branch pyrite mine, near Dumfries, again produced copper ore resulting in a recovery of copper and silver in 1913. Rockingham County.-Prospecting near Timberville, in Rockingham County, disclosed a new deposit of zinc ore which was undeveloped late in 1913. The ore is reported to carry some lead and pyrite and to lie in a fault breccia in the Shenandoah limestone. Spotsylvania County. There was no production of ore nor output of metals in 1912 or 1913 from the mixed gold-silver-lead-zinc pyrite ores of the Grindstone or Holladay properties, which lie in a northeast extension of the pyritic mineral belt of Louisa County. Prospecting, however, was continued in 1913. Wythe County.-There was an important and increased output of lead and zinc from the Austinville, Bertha, and Little Wythe mines in Wythe County in 1913. The Austinville mine produces both lead and zinc, and the Bertha and Little Wythe mines zinc only. The Austinville is developed by a vertical shaft 471 feet deep, by a 1,500foot adit, and by 10,000 feet of drifts, and the mill has a capacity of 10 tons per 10-hour shift and includes crushers, Hancock and Hartz jigs, and tables. The coarse ore goes to Hancock jigs and the fine 63057-M to Hartz jigs and tables. The lead concentrates are shipped to smelters and the zinc to oxide furnaces. The ore is disseminated as sulphides of zinc, lead, and iron in a dolomite gangue and is oxidized to 235 feet. The crude milling ore averages over 5 per cent in zinc and 4 per cent in lead, and the lead and zinc concentrates each average over 19 per cent. At the Little Wythe property hand-sorted zinc ore averaging 40 per cent in zinc is recovered and shipped incidental to mining iron ores. At the Bertha mine old tailings averaging about 15 per cent in zinc are shipped to the Austinville plant for treatment. A new prospect, showing carbonates and silicates of zinc on an extension of the Bertha and Austinville belt, was reported promising in 1913, but remained undeveloped. SURVEY PUBLICATIONS. The following list contains the more important publications of the United States Geological Survey on gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc mines of the Eastern States, or of interest in this connection. The Survey publications, except those to which a price is attached, can be had free so long as the stock remains available for distribution, by applying to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The priced publications can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Publications marked "exhausted" are not available for distribution but can be consulted at most of the larger public libraries. BAIN, H. F., Zinc and lead ores in 1905: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1905, pp. 379-392, 1906. $1. BASCOM, F., DARTON, N. H., CLARK, W. B., KÜMMEL, H. B., and SALISBURY, R. D., U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Trenton folio (No. 167), 1909. 5c. BECKER, G. F., Gold fields of the southern Appalachians: U. S. Geol. Survey Sixteenth Ann. Rept., pt. 3, pp. 251-331, 1895. $1. BOUTWELL, J. M., Lead: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1906, pp. 450-452, 1907. Zinc: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1906, pp. 465-468, 1907. BUTLER, B. S., Copper: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1908, pt. 1, pp. 214219, 1909. Copper: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1909, pt. 1, pp. 171-172, 1910. Copper: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1910, pt. 1, pp. 206-211, 1911. Copper: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1911, pt. 1, pp. 255-313, 1912. Copper: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1912, pt. 1, pp. 275-334, 1913. CAMPBELL, M. R., U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Bristol folio (No. 59), 1899. 5c. CLERC, F. L., The mining and metallurgy of lead and zinc in the United States: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1882, pp. 358-386, 1883. 50c. DARTON, N. H., and KEITH, ARTHUR, U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Washington folio (No. 70), 1900. Exhausted. ECKEL, E. C., Gold and pyrite deposits of the Dahlonega district, Georgia: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 213, pp. 57-63, 1903. 25c. EMMONS, W. H., Some ore deposits in Maine and the Milan mine, New Hampshire: U. S. Geol Survey Bull. 432, 62 pp. 1910. The enrichment of sulphide ores: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 529, 260 pp. 1913. Exhausted. EMMONS, W. H., and LANEY, F. B., Preliminary report on the mineral deposits of Ducktown, Tenn.: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 470, pp. 151-172. 1911. GRATON, L. C., Reconnaissance of some gold and tin deposits of the southern Appalachians, with notes on the Dahlonega mines, by Waldemar Lindgren: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 293, 134 pp. 1906. Copper: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1906, pp. 403-404, 1907. 50c. HAYES, C. W., U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Cleveland folio (No. 20), 1895. 5c. U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Knoxville folio (No. 16), 1894. Exhausted. U. S. Geol Survey Geol. Atlas, Maynardville folio (No. 75), 1901. 5c. U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Cranberry folio (No. 90), 1903. 5c. Recent zinc mining in east Tennesee: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 225, pp. 208213, 1904. 35c. U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Nantahala folio (No. 143), 1907. 5c. LA FORGE, L., and PHALEN, W. C., U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Ellijay folio (No. 187), 1913. 25c. LINDGREN, WALDEMAR, The production of gold in the United States in 1904: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 260, pp. 32-38, 1905. 40c. The production of silver in the United States in 1904: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 260, pp. 39-44, 1905. 40c. Gold and silver in southern Appalachian States: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1905, pp. 297-304, 1906. $1. A geological analysis of the silver production of the United States in 1906: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 340, pp. 23-25, 1908. 30c. Resources of the United States in gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 394, pp. 114-156, 1909. MCCASKEY, H. D., Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc (mine production) in the Southern Appalachian States: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1906, pp. 323–332, 1907. Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc (mine production) in the Eastern States: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1907, pt. 1, pp. 551-570, 1908. Notes on some gold deposits of Alabama: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 340, pp. 36-52, 1908. 30c. Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc (mine production) in the Eastern States: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1908, pt. 1, pp. 645–682, 1909. Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc (mine production) in the Eastern States: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1909, pt. 1, pp. 533-548, 1910. Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc (mine production) in the Eastern States: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1910, pt. 1, pp. 675–692, 1911. Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc (mine production) in the Eastern States: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1911, pt. 1, pp. 873-888, 1912. Precious and semiprecious metals in the Eastern States (mine production): U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1912, pt. 1, pp. 417-436, 1913. NITZE, H. B. C., History of gold mining and metallurgy in the Southern States: U. S. Geol. Survey Twentieth Ann. Rept., pt. 6, pp. 111-123, 1899. PHALEN, W. C., Copper deposits near Luray, Va.: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 285, pp. 140-143, 1906. Exhausted. SANFORD, SAMUEL, and STONE, R. W., Useful minerals of the United States: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 585, 250 pp., 1914. SIEBENTHAL, C. E., Lead: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1910, pt. 1, pp. 221-259, 1911. Zinc: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1910, pt. 1, pp. 261-304, 1911. Lead: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1911, pt. 1, pp. 315-351, 1912. Zinc: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1911, pt. 1, pp. 353-398, 1912. Lead: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1912, pt. 1, pp. 335-372, 1913. Zinc: U. S. Geol. Survey Mineral Resources, 1912, pt. 1, pp. 373-416, 1913. SMITH, G. O., Note on a mineral prospect in Maine: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 315, pp. 118-119, 1907. SMITH, G. O., BASTIN, E. S., and BROWN, C. W., U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Penobscot Bay folio (No. 149), 1907. 5c. SPENCER, A. C., The Mine Hill and Sterling Hill zinc deposits of Sussex County, N. J.: New Jersey Geol. Survey, Ann. Rept. 1908, pp. 25-52, 1909. SALISBURY, R. D., and KÜMMEL, H. B., U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, Franklin Furnace folio (No. 161), 1908. 5c. STOSE, G. W., The copper deposits of South Mountain in southern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 430, pp. 122-131, 1910. WATSON, T. L., Notes on the Seminole copper deposits of Georgia: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 225, pp. 182-186, 1904. 35c. WEED, W. H., Notes on the gold veins near Great Falls, Md.: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 260, pp. 128-131, 1905. 40c. Copper deposits of the Appalachian States; U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 455, 166 pp., 1911. WILLIAMS, ALBERT, jr., Popular fallacies regarding precious-metal ore deposits: U. S. Geol. Survey Fourth Ann. Rept., pp. 253-271, 1884. $1.65. WOLFF, J. E., Zinc and manganese deposits of Franklin Furnace, N. J.: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 213, pp. 214-217, 1903. 25c. |