silica. The total value of the mineral products of Wisconsin decreased from $14,192,287 in 1912 to $12,452,480 in 1913, the distribution by substances being as shown in the following table:

Wyoming, like New Mexico, is one of the Rocky Mountain States which lays little claim to distinction as a metal miner, and depends principally upon its coal mines for recognition as a mining State. The value of the coal production in Wyoming represents nearly 90 per cent of the total mineral production. The principal coal-mining operations are in Sweetwater, Uinta, Sheridan, Fremont, Carbon, Bighorn, Lincoln, and Western counties, with smaller quantities from Converse, Crook, Johnson, and Park counties. The total value of all the mineral products in 1913 was $13,682,091, of which the coal mines contributed $11,510,045. In 1912, out of a total production of $13,374,088, the coal production was valued at $11,648,088. The quantity of coal produced was 7,393,066 short tons in 1913 and 7,368,124 tons in 1912.

The only other mineral product of any importance in 1913 was petroleum, which amounted to 2,406,522 barrels, valued at $1,187,232, against 1,572,306 barrels, valued at $798,470, in 1912. Outside of

the coal and petroleum the value of the mineral products of the State combined was a little less than $1,000,000. The substances which contributed to this are clay products, copper, gems, gold, gypsum, iron ore, lime, mineral waters, natural gas, phosphate rock, sand and gravel, silver, stone, and sulphur. As in idaho, the development of the extensive phosphate deposits in the southwestern part of Wyoming gives promise of the establishment of an important industry at some time in the future. The following table gives the quantity and value of the mineral production of Wyoming in 1912 and 1913:

Mineral production of Wyoming in 1912 and 1913.

SUMMARY OF THE MINERAL PRODUCTION OF THE

UNITED STATES IN 1913.

Compiled by W. T. THOM.

GENERAL REMARKS.

The different units of measurement employed in the mineral industry make it impossible to combine and compare the output of the several minerals except in value.

In 1905, for the first time, the total value of the domestic mineral production exceeded $1,500,000,000; and in 1907, and again in 1912 and 1913, it exceeded $2,000,000,000.

In 1908 the results of the financial depression of the latter part of 1907 became apparent in the decrease in value of the mineral output, which declined for the year to about $1,595,000,000 from over $2,000,000,000 in 1907. In 1909 the general recovery in business carried the value of the domestic mineral production up to $1,887,582,445. In 1910 the continued favorable business conditions raised the value to $1,992,431,412, almost to the high level of 1907. In 1911 there was a sharp decline in pig iron that brought the total value for the year down to $1,927,532,128. In 1912 the general swing of business carried the value of mineral production up to $2,243,972,481, a gain of $316,440,353 over the production of 1911. In 1913 the mineral production attained its highest value thus far recorded, the total being $2,445,805,017, a gain of $201,832,536, or 9 per cent, over the production of 1912.

As heretofore, iron and coal are the most valuable of our mineral products. The value of iron (pig iron being the basis of valuation) in 1913 was $458,342,345; the value of coal was $760,488,785. The fuels-coal, natural gas, and petroleum-increased from $944,383,275 in 1912 to $1,085,456,850 in 1913, a gain of $141,073,575. Anthracite coal showed an increase in value of $17,558,501 from $177,622,626 in 1912 to $195,181,127 in 1913. The increase in value of the bituminous coal output from $517,983,445 in 1912 to $565,307,658 in 1913 was $47,324,213.

The value of metals produced increased $15,882,071, or 1.83 per cent, from $867,103,085 in 1912 to $882,980,156 in 1913. The value of the nonmetals increased $185,955,465, or 13.51 per cent, from $1,376,369,396 in 1912 to $1,562,324,861 in 1913. The unspecified products, including bismuth, cadmium, lithium, marl, selenium, and other minerals, valued, as in 1912, at $500,000, bring the total value of the mineral production for 1913 up to $2,445,805,017.

The total values for 1912 and 1913 exceeded the hitherto unsurpassed total value for 1907 by about $171,000,000 and $373,000,000,

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respectively. Judged by the record of mineral production, therefore, 1912 and 1913 were years of more general domestic welfare than 1907. The imports cited in this summary and in the volume are "imports for consumption," which may or may not be identical with the "total imports" for the calendar year. Merchandise brought into the country late in December, for example, may be entered for consumption or it may be put into a warehouse and not be withdrawn for consumption until some months later. It will then be credited for consumption to the year of its withdrawal from the warehouse.

METALS AND ORES.

Metals and metallic ores.-The report on metals and metallic ores was published for the first time in this series in the volume for 1909. The output of metals in the United States in 1913 from domestic ores was valued at $855,351,064, from foreign sources at $161,256,794, the total value being $1,016,607,858; in 1912, from domestic ores, $834,520,702; from foreign sources, $161,277,916; total value, $995,798,618. The output of crude metallic ores of all kinds from domestic mines amounted in 1912 to 130,728,622 short tons and in 1913 to 134,215,858 short tons.

Iron and steel. Twenty States produced and marketed pig iron (exclusive of ferro-alloys) in 1913, as in 1912. The total marketed production of pig iron in 1913 was 30,388,935 long tons, valued at $458,342,345, compared with 30,180,969 long tons, valued at $420,563,388, in 1912, and 23,257,288 long tons, valued at $327,334,624, in 1911. The average annual output and value for the five years from 1905 to 1909, inclusive, was 23,162,484 long tons, valued at $418,321,000. The marketed production in 1913 showed an increase in quantity of 207,966 long tons, or 0.69 per cent, over the production of 1912, and an increase in value from $420,563,388 to $458,342,345, amounting to $37,778,957, or 8.98 per cent. The average price per long ton of pig iron rose from $19.98 in 1906 to $20.56 in 1907, fell to $15.96 in 1908, rose to $16.25 in 1909, fell to $15.45 in 1910, to $14.07 in 1911, to $13.93 in 1912, and rose to $15.08 in 1913.

Iron ore. The marketed production of iron ore in 1913 amounted to 59,643,098 long tons, valued at the mines at $130,905,558, as compared with 57,017,614 long tons, valued at $107,050,153, in 1912, and 41,092,447 long tons, valued at $86,716,575, in 1911. As in the 14 preceding years, the production of iron ore in the United States in 1913 was not equaled by that of any other country. The general imports of iron ore were valued at $8,336,819 in 1913, $6,499,690 in 1912, $5,412,636 in 1911, and $7,832,225 in 1910, and $3,154,081 was the average annual value for the five years from 1905 to 1909. The exports were valued at $3,513,419 in 1913, $3,537,289 in 1912, $2,653,448 in 1911, $2,474,164 in 1910, and $1,365,325 in 1909.

Ferro-alloys. In the iron report for 1911 the United States Geological Survey undertook for the first time to present the statistics of production of ferro-alloys separately from those of pig iron, with which they had been included.

As reported, the marketed production of ferro-alloys in 1913 was 296,207 long tons, valued at $13,015,362, compared with 328,685 long tons, valued at $12,223,776, in 1912, and 253,375 long tons,