200-ton concentrating plant erected in 1913. The dirt milled ran over 4 per cent in concentrates, of which nearly half was galena. North of the Prairie on Emma Gordon land similar ore was mined at the 260-foot and 280-foot levels and milled by the Miami Zinc & Lead Co. at a 250-ton concentrating plant operated by means of a gas engine. The large pump which has so successfully lowered the water level of the entire camp is situated on this lease.

Northeast across the road, on Commerce Mining & Royalty land, is situated the Lennan Zinc & Lead Co.'s mine and 200-ton mill. Two shafts were in operation at this mine, and ore was hoisted from the 260-foot, 280-foot, and 320-foot levels. The ore from the 320-foot level, which was first mined in November, 1913, is of much higher grade than that from the upper levels. Some ore from the new shaft on the Pius Quapaw land lying northeast of the Lennan, and on which M. R. Tidwell and the Commerce Mining & Royalty Co. hold first lease, was treated at the Lennan mill. The sphalerite concentrates recovered were low grade, but the galena concentrates, which predominated, were of high grade. Farther northeast, near Tar Creek, the McConnell Lead & Zinc Co. sank two shafts, one of which was down to the ore body in 1913. A large mill of 350 tons capacity was erected, but no concentrates were sold in 1913. The fuel used at this mill will be changed from coal to natural gas.

The Blue Bird mine, on the Cooper & Goodwin land, in sec. 25, T. 29, R. 22, was developed by Church & Mabon, and the erection of a 150-ton concentrating plant was commenced. The Grey Top Mining Co., on the Lennan land, operated a mine and mill which marked the northwest limit of the producing area in the district. A shaft was sunk and ore was hoisted from the 260-foot level, and a 250-ton concentrating plant, driven by a gas engine, was built in 1913. The dirt mined averaged 1 ton of galena concentrates to 6 tons of sphalerite. The productive mines on leases in the immediate vicinity of Hattenville, on land of the Commerce Mining & Royalty Co., were the Cactus, New State, Mispah, Queen City-Joplin, Frosty Morning, Eureka, Turkey Fat, Jeanette, King Jack, Never Sweat, Midas, Old Chief, and Miami Amalgamated (Sullivan). The Mispah, in the southeast end of the Hattenville camp, was the largest producer. The property is equipped with a 250-ton mill, and ore was mined from the 180-foot level by means of two shafts. The Cactus, on the adjoining lease to the south, also has two shafts and a 250-ton mill. Ore from the 200foot level was mined. The King Jack lease produced a large quantity of sphalerite, but very little galena. One mill of 150 tons capacity was run on ore from the 240-foot level, and a smaller mill of 80 tons capacity, owned by Zillar Bros., was run on old tailings. The Kansas Mining Co. raised ore from the 217-foot level of the New State mine, which adjoins the King Jack property. Standifer Bros. made a good production of high-grade concentrates from ore mined at the 244-foot level of the Old Chief mine which is equipped with a 150-ton mill. The Miami Amalgamated Lead & Zinc Co. (Sullivan lease) sold a large portion of the sphalerite produced in the district that assayed above 60 per cent zinc. This concentrate was derived from ore mined at the 235-foot level by means of two shafts, and was treated at a 200-ton concentrating plant. The ore body is said to extend 15 feet below the level mined in 1913. The Turkey Fat Min

ing Co. made its usual large production. The ore mined in 1913 came from the 220-foot level. The Midas, Lost Trail (Frosty Morning), and Queen City-Joplin all made good outputs. Each property is equipped with a mill of 150 tons capacity. The depth of mining was 190 feet at the Midas, 160 feet at the Lost Trail, and 205 feet at the Queen City-Joplin. Shipments of concentrates were made from the Eureka, Jeanette, and Never Sweat mines. Southwest of Hattenville a 90-foot shaft was sunk by W. B. Neel on the McCuddy & Co.'s land. The ore hoisted was treated by means of two hand jigs.

About a mile and a half northwest of the city of Miami a lease on Miami Royalty land was drilled by McConnell & Barnes. The drill cuttings were so good that two shafts were sunk and a 200-ton concentrating plant was under construction in the latter part of 1913. This is the most southern and western plant in the Miami district.

SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL OKLAHOMA.

Murray County.-No production of zinc concentrates was reported from the Arbuckle Mountain district in 1913. A description of the region, ore occurrence, and development of the mines was given in this report for 1912.

McClain County.-The production of silver in Oklahoma in 1913 amounted to 1,300 fine ounces, valued at $785. Although the quantity was small, it was notable for the reason that it was derived from ore in which silver values predominated, and was the first shipment of ore of that character from Oklahoma ever reported to the Survey. The ore shipped in 1913 was mined by C. T. Criswell, of Byars, in McClain County, from land owned by him, located about 5 miles west of Byars, on the SW.SE. sec. 33, T. 5, R. 3 E., about 100 yards north of the boundary line between Garvin and McClain counties. The ore deposits lie on the side of a canyon running north and south, and there was evidence that prospecting had taken place before the present owner of the property purchased it. The ore shipped in 1913, amounting to 29 tons (also 70 tons not sold in 1913), was obtained from shallow open cuts and hand-sorted before shipment. The ore, which is a light-gray decomposed sandstone, containing silver chloride and a small quantity of copper, has averaged about 37 ounces of silver a ton. The extent of the ore deposit has not been determined; but if further development warrants the expenditure, a suitable plant will be built to treat the ore.

WISCONSIN.

By J. P. DUNDOP.

PRODUCTION.

The production of lead and zinc in Wisconsin in 1913 is shown in the following table:

Production of lead and zinc in Wisconsin in 1913, by districts, in short tons,a

a Ir calculating the metal content of the ores from assays allowance has been made for smelting and concentration losses in the case of zinc, but not in case of lead. In comparing the values of ore and metal it should be borne in mind that the value given for the ore is that actually received by the producer and that the value of the metal is calculated from the average daily quotations at New York and St. Louis. b Includes a few tons of lead carbonate.

Tenor of lead and zinc ore and concentrates produced in Wisconsin, 1912 and 1913.

The lead and zinc mines of Wisconsin are in Grant, Iowa, and Lafayette counties and comprise the most important part of the ore deposits of the upper Mississippi Valley region. The ore deposits

occur in the Galena dolomite and in the upper part of the Platteville limestone, both of Ordovician age. The ores are galena, sphalerite or zinc blende and smithsonite or zinc carbonate, the latter locally known as "dry bone." As a lead region the district has been known from the earliest settlement days. In time the building of smelters near by made a market for the zinc ores. The first zinc ore to be mined was the carbonate found in association with lead in the shallow working above ground-water level. When all the main deposits were worked out down to water level there was a lull in mining in the region. Though the carbonate was known to give place to zinc blende and the lead to continue on below water, it was not deemed profitable to mine when continued pumping was necessary. About 8 or 10 years ago the higher price of zinc led to the opening of some of the deposits below water level, since which time zinc mining has increased until Wisconsin in 1911 and 1912 stood third and in 1913 fourth in rank among zinc-producing States. The ore bodies are found in perpendicular, horizontal, or inclined cavities known as "openings' "crevices," "flats," and "pitches." These openings sometimes extend for a considerable distance in a straight line called a "range," and may be operated at different places by different companies. When a range is once established it becomes an important guide in prospecting.

or

The galena of the district is nonargentiferous, and so far as known the zinc ores are free from cadmium. In some of the mines marcasite is so plentiful that the zinc blende concentrates are reduced to a very low grade. Owing to their nearness in specific gravity, marcasite and blende are very difficult to separate cleanly by hydraulic methods. Both electrostatic and electromagnetic separation processes have been used.

A small number of the concentrating plants in the district are equipped with roasters and magnetic separators. Some mining companies having such equipment did not operate it, and the companies constructing milling plants in 1913 did not report the erection of roasters. It is believed by many mine owners that it is more economical to sell the green concentrates than to invest in a roasting plant, entailing the employment of extra shifts of men during the entire day of 24 hours. The Linden Zinc Co. operate a roaster and magnetic separator at Linden to treat ores from the Optimo No. 1 and No. 2 mines owned by affiliated interests. The Mineral Point Zinc Co. operates a roaster and magnetic separator at Mineral Point, Wis., and green concentrates are treated by the Wisconsin Separating Co. at Benton, the National Zinc Separating Co. at Hazel Green, the Empire roaster at Platteville, and the Campbell Magnetic Separating Co. at Cuba City. The last-named plant, which has been purchased by the Wisconsin Zinc Co., and that of the Linden Zinc Co. use a patented process, which requires the ore to be only slightly roasted and which recovers the marcasite and pyrite in shape for sale to acid manufacturers.

At the other plants the concentrates, after being dried, are roasted, the customary form of roaster being a long, slowly revolving cylinder lined with fire brick. The roasting is carried far enough to render the marcasite magnetic, but not to drive off all the sulphur, after which the concentrates are passed under a magnetic separator, which removes the iron.

63057°- -MR 1913-VOL 1- -11

Production of "rock" and "mineral" and yield in silver and copper in Michigan in 1912 and 1913, by kinds of rock.

Three counties, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon, contributed to the output of copper and silver in 1913. The following table shows the relative importance of these counties in output of copper and silver for 1912 and 1913:

Production of silver and copper in Michigan for 1912 and 1913, by counties.

In the following reviews of the operations at the individual mines of the district during 1913 the statements concerning the quantity, character, and tenor of "rock" developed, the quantity of rock stamped, the copper recovered per short ton of rock stamped, and

1Those desiring more details concerning individual properties are referred to a report by Reginald E. Hore, Mineral resources of Michigan: Michigan Geol. and Biol. Survey, pp. 15-115, 1911. This report contains a description of the geology, ore deposits, methods of extraction, and treatment of ores, of developments at individual properties, of cost of production, etc., and gives references to the more important publications concerning the copper industry of the district.