m.) above the water, and visible 15 miles. The fog signal is a steam whistle sounding a group of 2 blasts, each of 2 seconds duration, every 30 seconds; silent intervals 2 and 24 seconds. The lookout tower of the Coast Guard, located on the highest part of the ridge, is prominent.

Sail Rock and Little Sail Rock are two bare rocks of a group of ledges which lie 1/4 mile southeastward of West Quoddy Head Lighthouse. Swirls form just southward and eastward of Sail Rock during the strength of the tidal current, and it should be given a good berth. A black whistling buoy is moored 3⁄4 mile south-southeastward of Sail Rock, in line with it and West Quoddy Head Lighthouse.

Round Rock and Liberty Point Ledge lie a little over 1/4 mile westward of Liberty Point, the eastern point at the entrance of Quoddy Roads. These rocks show above water, and vessels should pass at least 300 yards southward of the southernmost rock.

Middle Ground, with a least depth of 4 feet (1.2 m.), is a shoal in the middle of Quoddy Roads, 5% mile northward of West Quoddy Head. It is marked on its southwestern side by a red buoy.

Wormell Ledges, partly bare at low water, lie along the southern shore of Quoddy Roads westward of West Quoddy Head.

Above Middle Ground and Wormell Ledges, Quoddy Roads is full of shoals, largely bare at low water, through which is the buoyed channel to Lubec Narrows.

Lubec Channel has been dredged to a width of 500 feet and a depth of 12 feet (3.7 m.) at mean low water, but low spring tides may fall 4 or 5 feet (1.2 to 1.5 m.) below this level. The average draft of vessels passing through this channel is 12 feet (3.7 m.); the deepest draft are regular steamers drawing 16 feet (4.9 m.), and they pass only from about 2 hours before to 1 hour after high water. It is necessary for sailing vessels to have a fair wind to pass through the dredged channel and the Narrows, the most favorable time being about 2 hours before high water.

Lubec Channel Lighthouse (white tower on black pier) marks the western edge of the channel. The light flashes white every 15 seconds, and the fog signal is one stroke of a bell every 10 seconds.

Lubec Narrows is a narrow strait between Mullholland Point (marked by Lubec Narrows Lighthouse) and the town of Lubec. The channel has been dredged 250 to 400 feet wide and 12 feet (3.7 m.) deep and has strong tidal currents and eddies; for current information, see page 61. The narrowest part of the channel is at the northern end.

There are shoals, bare at low water, on both sides of Lubec NarMaking off from the northeastern point of Lubec, opposite Lubec Narrows Lighthouse, is a dangerous ledge, on the shore end of which is a breakwater which shows out of water; the northern end of this ledge is marked by a black buoy, which also marks the western side of the northern end of the dredged channel.

Lubec, with a population of about 3,000, is a town on the western side of the Narrows. There are several fish factories with wharves that go dry at low water. The steamboat wharf on the north side of the town has a depth alongside of 18 feet (5.5 m.) and is equipped

with a large transit shed. There is a customs office and public landing float just eastward of the steamer landing. Lubec is connected with Eastport by ferry and is visited by steamers running between Boston and St. John, New Brunswick. There is also steamer connection with Grand Manan Island. There are no adequate hotel accommodations at Lubec. A standpipe 1 mile west of the town is prominent.

Johnson Bay, on the northwest side of Lubec, is a well-sheltered anchorage for vessels of any draft, and is frequently used. It is approached from southward through Quoddy Roads and Lubec Narrows and from northward through Friar Roads. The southwestern part of Johnson Bay is shoal for a distance of 11⁄2 mile from its head, and a shoal with 17 feet (5.2 m.) over it lies on the west side, near the middle. The shores of the bay should be given a berth of about 300 yards. The best anchorage for deep-draft vessels is just southward of a line from Lubec Narrows Lighthouse to Rodgers Island, in 7 to 9 fathoms (12.8 to 16.5 m.).

A channel, navigable by launches at high water, exists between Johnson Bay and South Bay. It is crossed by a fixed bridge, and local knowledge is necessary.

Pope Folly is a wooded islet 1/4 mile northward of the northern entrance to Lubec Narrows. The bar connecting it with the shore southeastward has a least depth of 15 feet (4.6 m.) in mid-channel, and is crossed by most local vessels bound to Lubec or through Lubec Narrows. A ledge extending northeastward from the island is marked at its end by a black buoy.

Dudley Island, 11⁄2 mile northward of the northern entrance to Lubec Narrows, is high and mostly grass covered.

Treat Island, the larger of the islands between Lubec Narrows and Eastport, is high and grass covered on the south end and wooded on the north end. Three hundred yards northwestward of Treat Island is Burial Islet, grass covered and distinguished by a single tree in the center; and 350 yards westward of Treat Island is Gull Rock, bare at all times.

Friar Roads (Eastport Harbor).-This harbor is on the western side of Campobello Island, north of Johnson Bay and east of Moose Island (Eastport). It is approached from northward around East Quoddy Head and from southward through Quoddy Roads and Lubec Narrows, and is the principal approach to Passamaquoddy Bay and St. Croix River. Vessels seldom anchor in Friar Roads, as the water is deep, the bottom irregular, and the tidal currents have considerable velocity.

Harbor de Loutre, in the northwestern part of Campobello Island, is sometimes used as an anchorage by small vessels.

Friar Bay, a broad bight in the west shore of Campobello Island, southeastward of Eastport, is sometimes used as an anchorage.

Welshpool is a fishing village on Campobello Island. A rockfilled wharf here affords good protection for fishing boats and small launches in westerly weather.

Whirlpools.-Between Dog Island and Deer Point, the southern extremity of Deer Island, there are whirlpools and eddies which at the strength of the tide are dangerous for small boats.

Broad Cove, in the south shore of Moose Island and west of Eastport, is a good anchorage for vessels of any draft; vessels anchored off Eastport get under way and anchor here or in Johnson Bay to ride out a gale. The head of the cove is shoal for a distance of 1/4 mile. Rocks bare at low water extend 400 yards southeastward and southward from Shackford Head, on the western side of the entrance, and are marked at their southwest end by a red buoy. A good berth for vessels of moderate size is about 250 yards off the point on the eastern side near the head of the cove, with the lone tree on Burial Islet in line with the high spire in Lubec, in 4 to 6 fathoms (7.3 to 11 m.). The eastern side of the cove is bold and should be favored when entering.

A wrecked barge with foremast standing and decks awash at low water lies on the point eastward from Shackford Head.

There is a wharf, bare at low water, at the head of the cove. Eastport, on the southeastern end of Moose Island, has a population of about 4,500 and has some commerce, its principal business being in fish, coal, and general merchandise. Vessels discharging and loading usually lie at the wharves, some of which are dry at low water; others have from 5 to 15 feet (1.5 to 4.6 m.) at their ends. The steamer wharf has about 19 feet (5.8 m.) alongside. There is a customs office on the water front and a public float landing. In 1926 there were no adequate hotel accommodations at Eastport.

Communication.-There is regular steamer service with Boston and St. John, New Brunswick. A local Canadian steamer plies between Grand Manan Island and way ports to St. Stephen, calling at Eastport and Lubec. There is rail connection with Calais and a good highway paralleling the St. Croix River northward. There is a regular ferry service with Lubec.

Pilots.-Pilotage is not compulsory for Maine ports. There is a pilot residing at West Quoddy Head, and vessels desiring his services should signal the Coast Guard lookout station. Pilots for the local inside waters can be obtained from among the local fishermen at Eastport.

Towboats.-There is one towboat at Eastport. Vessels desiring a towboat should signal the Coast Guard lookout station on West Quoddy Head. Schooners laden with coal are towed to Calais on high water only.

Supplies.-Coal in limited quantities may be had in Eastport. Fresh water may be taken from the wharves or can be supplied by the towboat to vessels at anchor. Provisions, gasoline, and ship chandler's stores may be had in Lubec, Eastport, and Calais. There is no fuel oil available. Portland is the nearest United States port where fuel oil can be obtained.

Repairs.-Light repairs to hulls and machinery of vessels can be made at Eastport, vessels being hauled out on the beach. There are no facilities for dry-docking vessels.

Storm-warning displays, day and night, are made at Eastport from the customhouse tower and from a steel tower on the hill near the schoolhouse.

Anchorage.-The best anchorage off the town for small vessels is abreast the customhouse and quite close to the wharves, where the current has the least velocity.

Caution.-Vessels should keep in mind the two rocks which lie off the Eastport water front-Page Rock, with 16 feet (4.9 m.) over it, and Margie Rock, with 14 feet (4.3 m.) over it.

Clark Ledge, covered near high water only, lies about 225 yards from the wharves off the northern part of Eastport, and is marked by a spindle.

Dog Island, small, with grassy top, is about 1/4 mile northwestward of Clark Ledge and close to Moose Island. A shelving ledge extends 100 yards off its high-water mark. It is marked by an unwatched flashing white light with a red sector covering Clark Ledge.

Cobscook Bay. This bay, making in westward of Moose Island, is a large irregular bay with several arms. It is approached through the channel leading between Moose Island on the north and Seward Neck on the south. The arms of the bay are full of rocks and have dangerous currents, which require local knowledge to keep the vessel in the channel. Strangers seldom enter Cobscook Bay, and then only with a pilot, generally taken from Eastport. The deepest draft using it is 12 feet (3.7 m.). Good anchorage is found in many of the arms and coves, but everywhere in the channel the currents are too strong and the bottom too rocky for anchorage. Ice obstructs navigation during the winter.

Pennamaquan River, making northwestward from Cobscook Bay 2 miles inside the entrance, has ample depth for about 134 miles above the entrance, and the principal dangers are marked by buoys. It is bare at low water for 3/4 mile below Pembroke, a town on the railroad 3 miles above the entrance of the river, and the channel is usually marked by perches in summer. There is a fish cannery on the western branch at Pembroke; the deepest draft using the river is 12 feet (3.7 m.), and the usual draft not over 6 feet (1.8 m.).

Dennysville is a village at the head of the northwestern branch of Cobscook Bay, 81⁄2 miles above the entrance of the bay. The river is bare for 1/2 mile below the town at low water, and the deepest draft that can be taken to the town is about 12 feet (3.7 m.) at high water and with local knowledge. The channel is unmarked and difficult.

Whiting is a village at the head of the southern branch of Cobscook Bay, 912 miles above the entrance of the bay. The river is bare for 1 mile below the town at low water, and 12 feet (3.7 m.) is the deepest draft that can be taken to it at high water and with local knowledge. The channel is unmarked and difficult.

Bar Harbor, the thoroughfare between Moose Island and the mainland northward, has a through depth of about 4 feet (1.2 m.) at low water but is fringed with shoals, many of them bare at low water, and is unmarked and difficult without local knowledge. It is crossed by a railroad drawbridge between Carlow Island and Pleasant Point, with a draw 30 feet wide, and by a fixed highway bridge about 1 mile southwestward, which has a headroom of about 5 feet (1.5 m.) at high water.

Pleasant Point, marked by prominent green buildings, is an Indian reservation on the point of that name 32 miles northward of Eastport. There is no wharf.

Passamaquoddy Bay is a large bay indenting the shore of New Brunswick east of the mouth of the St. Croix River. Western Passage, the principal entrance to the bay, is between Deer Island on the east and Moose Island (Eastport) on the west. This passage has deep water and is comparatively free from dangers; it is 4 miles long from Eastport to Passamaquoddy Bay. Anchorage can be had out of the current in several coves on the sides of the passage, Johnson Cove being the best for vessels.

Frost Ledge, showing bare in places near low water, lies on the western side at the northern end of Western Passage, 300 to 600 yards eastward of Frost Island. It is marked at its eastern end by a black buoy.

St. Andrews is a Canadian town and port near the eastern point at the entrance to the St. Croix River. It is a railroad terminus and has some commerce. The anchorage is between the town and Navy Island, and is available for light-draft vessels only. A channel 13 feet (4.0 m.) deep has been dredged into the harbor from southeastward and northwestward. The channel from northwestward was reported to have shoaled to about 5 feet (1.5 m.) in 1923. The channel is marked by lights, buoys, and beacons. The railroad and steamboat wharf has a depth of 12 feet (3.7 m.) at the end.

A large hotel with a red roof is prominent at St. Andrews.

Boundary marks.-From West Quoddy Head northward to Calais, there are numerous range marks consisting of small white pyramidal shaped concrete beacons so placed as to mark the International Boundary Line between the United States and Canada. The mariner should not mistake these marks for aids to navigation.

St. Croix River (chart 801). This river, emptying into Passamaquoddy Bay from northward, forms the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick. It has a deep and comparatively clear channel for 8 miles above the mouth at Navy Island to Devils Head. Above this point it has a narrow winding natural channel with a least depth of about 12 feet (3.7 m.) for 34 miles to Hills Point, thence a dredged channel 12 feet (3.7 m.) deep and 150 to 200 feet wide to the steamer landing 1 mile below Calais, and 9 feet (2.7 m.) deep and 100 feet wide to Calais and St. Stephens. These channels have probably shoaled some in recent years.

These channels are marked by buoys and lights, and strangers should have little trouble in taking a draft of 6 feet (1.8 m.) to Calais at low water with the aid of the chart. With a deeper draft they should take advantage of the tide or employ a pilot. Vessels can anchor and lie afloat below The Ledge, a village on the New Brunswick side 211⁄2 miles above Devils Head, but above this point there is no room for anchorage.

Robbinston is a village on the west bank of the St. Croix River near the entrance. It is marked by a prominent brick chimney. There are fish factories with small wharves, but there is no steamer service.

Red Beach is a village on the west side of the St. Croix River 6 miles above the entrance. There is no commerce by water.

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