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-Failure to pay interest on public debts-Army
unruly-Commercial war between colonies-Selfish
policy of New York-Isolated policy of Transvaal—
Quarrel between New York and Connecticut over
duties-Similar tariff war between Cape and Trans-
vaal-Closing of drifts-Feeling of Uitlander popula-
tion-Dangers of this-Necessity for peaceful fusion
of races-Fine qualities of Boers-English and Dutch
traits complementary-Both necessary for develop-
ment of South Africa.
CHAPTER III.
THE CRITICAL PERIODS—Continued.
Territorial troubles in America-Quarrel between Con-
necticut and Pennsylvania over Wyoming-Between
New York and New Hampshire over Green Moun-
tains-Territorial troubles in South Africa-Wash-
ington's remedy-Financial distress after war-
Legislative attempts to remedy-Serious troubles in
Rhode Island and Massachusetts-Armed risings-
Attack on Federal arsenal-Army of 4000 men called
out-Congress unable to restore order-Currency
legislation at Cape-Trouble due to want of central
power-Dangers of similar position in South Africa-
America applied remedy-Will South African states-
men apply similar remedy-Danger of enmities if
delayed-Common commercial interests brought
states together in America-Similar operations of
commercial interests in South Africa.
CHAPTER IV.
PAGE
CONDITIONS WHICH FAVOUR UNION IN SOUTH AFRICA.
One continuous territory-No great natural barriers—
Healthy climate-Boundaries of South Africa defined
-Republics populated from Cape Colony-European
9
27
population uniformly dispersed-Assimilating power
of Africander population - Similar distribution of
English and Dutch languages throughout South
Africa-Similar institutions—Same common law-
Racial distinctions quickly disappear-Local patriot-
ism supplants national antipathies-Distance from
Europe favours freedom from European complica-
tions-Monroe Doctrine for South Africa .
38
CHAPTER V.
ADVANTAGES CONFERRED BY UNION.
Preservation from evils of dissension
-
Arguments of
Federalist applicable-Dangers from hostile duties
and commercial rivalry-Territorial disputes-Loss of
northern territories to South African system-Union
would provide remedy-Northern territories com-
pared with western territory of America-Surrender
of claims of individual states to union-Precedent for
South Africa-Necessity of dealing with the question
-Success of American plan-Chartered Company's
rule only temporary-Union would remove danger
of hostile commercial action-Jealousies of South
African states-Cost of collection of customs reduced
by union-Abolition of internal customs' boundaries—
Stimulus to commerce by internal free trade—Free ·
interchange of products-Prosperity of each adds to
prosperity of all-South Africa would present to
world united front in matters of commerce.
CHAPTER VI.
ADVANTAGES CONFERRED BY UNION-Continued.
Native question-Importance of combined action-Saving
effected by one common administration instead of
several-Form of government guaranteed to each
a
42
colony and state Law and order guaranteed-
Security against native risings-Uitlander population
in Transvaal-New population of Rhodesia-Im-
portance of dealing with these questions in early
stage-Objection that freedom of states would be
destroyed met by Federalist
CHAPTER VII.
THE EXCLUSION OF FOREIGN INTERFERENCE.
Danger of foreign interference-Arguments of Federalist
Interference of Germany Deliberate plan
German annexations-Danger of adding interference
of another power in South Africa-Estrangement of
Transvaal-Territory necessary for South African
system Similar question in America in 1787-
Successful solution in America-Loss of valuable
territories owing to supineness of British Government
-Walwich Bay-Delagoa Bay-Union necessary to
enforce claims-Failure of English statesmen to
understand South Africa-Mr. Gladstone's opinion-
Complication of many factors-Difficulty of discover-
ing true South African opinion-A neglected warn-
ing-Sir Owen Lanyon's military rule-Disastrous
results-The late Sir John Molteno's views on ex-
clusion of foreign interference
61
72
CHAPTER VIII.
THE FORM OF FEDERAL UNION.
Maintenance of present governments—Attachment to
governments-Feeling at Cape-Feeling in America
-How far present governments must part with rights
-Two forms of Federation-Essentials of Federation
-Independence in matters of local concern-Depen-
dence in matters of common concern-Examples
from history-Relation of states to Federal govern-
ment One class of Federation represents only
several members of Union-Viciousness of this form
-Example of America before present union formed—
Evil results-Analysis of causes of weakness-These
of universal operation-Other class of Federation
operates on governments and on citizens as well-
Latter good form of Federation-America since union
formed on this principle has prospered-Importance
of subject-Argument of Federalist-If operation
of central government be on separate states, only
force can compel obedience to Federal mandate—
Evils of resort to force-Remedy, operation of central
government on individuals-If opposition to central
government offending party must take aggressive
action-Impossibility of providing for every con-
tingency - Application of Federalist argument to
Africa .
93
CHAPTER IX.
FEDERAL OBJECTS AND FEDERAL MACHINERY.
Objects described as Federal by United States Constitu-
tion By Constitution of Dominion of Canada-Con-
stitution written-Not subject to legislature-Supreme
over all authorities-Contrast to flexible constitution of
England-Historical origin of American Constitution
-Similar written and supreme constitution for South
African Federation-Idea familiar owing to existence
of constitution ordinances in colonies and grondwets
in republics-Provision in constitution for discharge of
duties by Federal government-President-Mode of
election and powers Administration by Cabinet
preferable-Principles of Cabinet government-Senate
-Powers and functions-Has succeeded- Desirable
in South Africa-House of Representatives-Powers
and duties-Desirable in South African Federation
117
CHAPTER X.
THE FEDERAL COURTS.
Necessity for federal courts-Established by constitution
-Jurisdiction of courts-Courts have worked well-
Provide means of operation of federal government on
individuals-Civil process for securing authority of
state against infringement-Success of these provi-
sions-Further function of federal courts-Maintain
the supremacy of the constitution-Give effect to rela-
tive validity of federal constitution, of federal statutes,
of state constitutions and state statutes-Court acts as
international arbiter between states—Has preserved
peace among states-Unanimous verdict in favour of
success of courts-Valuable precedent for South
African Federation
138
CHAPTER XI.
GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION.
Preface-No export taxes-No preferential commercial
regulations-No titles of nobility-Importance of
excluding titles from South Africa-No state shall
make law impairing the obligation of contract-Im-
portance of this provision-No state can impose
duties on exports or imports-Value of this article for
securing internal free trade-No state may make war
or make engagements with foreign powers-Recogni-
tion of judicial records of courts throughout Union—
Citizens of each state entitled to all privileges of citi-
zens in any other state-Mutual extradition-Congress
to have power to legislate for common territory-
Guarantee of form of government and internal order
in each state-Mode of amending constitutions-No
religious tests-Freedom of speech, of press, of