COLORS.

Battalion of Engineers.

215. The national color of stars and stripes, as described for flags, will be made of silk, 5 feet 6 inches fly, 4 feet 4 inches on the pike, which will be 9 feet long, including spearhead and ferrule. The union to be 2 feet 6 inches long, and "U. S. Engineers" embroidered in silver on the center stripe, stars embroidered in white silk, yellow silk knotted fringe, cord and tassels red and white silk. The battalion color will be of scarlet silk, same dimensions, having in the center a castle, with "U.S." above and "Engineers" below in silver, fringe white, cord and tassels red and white

silk.

Artillery Regiments.

216. The national color will be of material and dimensions and with union, stars, and pike as prescribed in paragraph 215, having the number and name of regiment embroidered in yellow silk on the center stripe, fringe yellow, cord and tassels red and yellow. The regimental color will be of scarlet silk, same dimensions, bearing in the center two cannon crossed, with "U.S." above and number and name of regiment below, each in a scroll, the scrolls yellow, letters scarlet, fringe yellow, cord and tassels red and yellow.

Infantry Regiments.

217. The national color will be of material and dimensions and with union. stars, and pike as prescribed in paragraph 215, having the number and name of the regiment embroidered in white silk on the center stripe, fringe yellow, cord and tassels blue and white. The regimental color will be of blue silk, same dimensions, the coat of arms of the United States embroidered in silk on the center, beneath the eagle a red scroll, with number and name of regiment embroidered in white, fringe yellow cord and tassels blue and white.

STANDARDS FOR CAVALRY REGIMENTS.

218. The national standard of stars and stripes, as described for flags, will be made of silk, 4 feet fly and 3 feet on the lance, which will be 9 feet 6 inches long, including spear and ferrule. The union to be 22 inches long, and the number and name of regiment embroidered in yellow silk on the center stripe, fringe yellow. The regimental standard will be of yellow silk, same dimensions, the coat of arms of the United States embroidered in silk on the center, beneath the eagle a red scroll, with number and name of regiment embroidered in yellow, fringe yellow.

COLORS AND STANDARDS.

219. The silken national color or standard will be carried in battle, campaign and on all occasions of ceremony at regimental headquarters in which two or more companies of the regiment participate. The regimental color or standard will be carried in like cases in battle, campaign and at reviews and inspections; at ceremonies other than reviews, inspections and escort of the color, it will be carried only when so ordered by the regimental commander. A similar rule applies to the use of the colors of the Battalion of Engineers. When not in use as prescribed in this paragraph, colors and standards will be kept in their waterpoof cases.

SERVICE COLORS AND STANDARDS.

220. A national color made of bunting or other suitable material, but in all other respects similar to the silken national color, will be furnished to the Battalion of Engineers and to each regiment of artillery and infantry, for use at drills and on marches and all service other than battles, campaigns, and occasions of ceremony. A similar color of the same dimensions as the silken standard will be furnished for like purposes to each regiment of cavalry.

GUIDONS FOR CAVALRY.

221. Each troop of cavalry will have a silken guidon, cut swallow-tailed, 15 inches to the fork, 3 feet 5 inches fly from lance to end of swallowtail, and 2 feet 3 inches on the lance, having two horizontal stripes each one-half the width of the flag, the upper red and the lower white, the red stripe having on both sides in the center the number of the regiment in white silk, and the white stripe the letter of the troop in red silk, the letter and number block-shaped, 4 inches high, the lance 11 inches in diameter and 9 feet long, including spear and ferrule. Each troop will also have a service guidon made of bunting or other suitable material, in shape and design the same as the silken guidon; the latter will be used only in battle, campaign, or on occasions of ceremony.

GUIDONS FOR LIGHT ARTILLERY.

222. Each battery of light artillery will have a guidon of scarlet silk, dimensions and shape same as described for cavalry guidons, in the center on both sides of the guidon two cannon crossed, about 144 inches in length, with number of regiment above and letter of battery below the crossed cannon, letter and number of yellow silk, letter and number block-shaped, 43 inches high, lance same as for cavalry guidon. This silken guidon will be used only in battle, campaign, or on occasions of ceremony. Each battery will also have a service guidon of bunting or other suitable material, in shape and design the same as the silken guidon.

223. Whenever, in the opinion of a commanding officer, the condition of any silken color, standard, or guidon in the possession of his command has become unserviceable, a board of survey will be appointed to report for the information of the Secretary of War its condition and as to the necessity of supplying a new one. If requiring repair, application to have it placed in a serviceable condition should be made to the QuartermasterGeneral. Service colors and guidons will be submitted to the action of an inspector when unfit for further use. Upon receipt of new silken colors, standards, or guidons, commanding officers will cause those replaced to be suitably labeled and sent to the Adjutant-General of the Army for preservation.

224. The names of the battles in which one or more companies of a regiment or of the Battalion of Engineers have borne a meritorious part may be engraved upon silver rings, fastened on the pikes or lances of the colors or standards, and in cases where less than half the number of companies of the regiment or battalion were engaged, the company letters will follow the name of the battle. The names of battles in which light batteries or troops of cavalry have, when detached, been engaged separately, may be inscribed upon rings on the lances of their guidons. The lance of the service guidon

will not be thus marked. The fact that an action in which any organization has been engaged is entitled to be called a battle, and the name to be engraved on the rings, will be announced from the Adjutant-General's Office. Requisitions for new colors and guidons will be accompanied by lists of battles.

CAMP COLORS.

225. To be as described for flags, printed upon bunting, 18 by 20 inches, on a pole of ash 8 feet long and 1 inches in diameter, the butt end armed with a pointed ferrule.

ARTICLE XXXI.

REGIMENTS.

ORGANIZATION AND INSTRUCTION.

226. The regiment is the administrative unit; for purposes of discipline and instruction, it will be divided into battalions, each containing two or more companies. The command of a regiment devolves upon the senior officer on duty with it, wherever he may be stationed. Each battalion is commanded by the senior officer on duty therewith. Whenever portions of different regiments are serving together, the commanding officer may designate the battalions.

227. The designation "company," as used in these regulations, applies to troops of cavalry, batteries of artillery, light or foot, and companies of infantry.

228. Upon the organization of a regiment, its companies receive perma、 nent designation by letters in alphabetical order, and officers are assigned to them in order as lettered, according to rank. Subsequently officers, upon promotion or appointment, are assigned to fill vacancies regardless of relative rank.

229. A regimental commander should continually labor for the instruction and efficiency of his regiment. He should encourage among his officers harmonious relations and a friendly spirit of emulation in the performance of duty. His timely interference to prevent disputes, his advice to the inexperienced, and immediate censure of any conduct liable to produce dissension in the regiment or to reflect discredit upon it, are of great importance in securing and maintaining its efficiency. In such efforts he will receive the loyal support of his subordinates. He will make an inspection of his

immediate command on the last day of every month.

230. Each department commander will announce in orders annually the period of the year to be given to practical instruction in drill and other military exercises, prescribing their character and the time to be devoted thereto. He will also designate a period of four consecutive months in each year for theoretical instruction, imparted in lyceums or by lectures, recitations, or other methods, to be given twice each week during the period designated. Each regimental commander will supervise the instruction of the officers under his immediate command, and each post commander that of regimental officers of his command who are absent from the headquarters of their respective regiments. Each company commander is responsible for the practical and theoretical instruction of his noncommissioned officers. These duties will be so performed as not to interfere with proper rest and recreation.

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231. Upon the last day of September and March of each year, commanding officers of companies will forward to their regimental commanders reports showing the character and scope of instruction imparted during the previous six months, the number and kind of drills, and number of recitations with average attendance thereon. Regimental commanders will forward abstracts of these reports through military channels to the AdjutantGeneral of the Army for the information of the Commanding General.

232. Regimental field officers are assigned by department commanders to the posts or stations where their services are most required, provided troops of their own regiments are stationed there. Lieutenant-colonels and majors on duty at posts are assigned to battalions by post commanders.

THE REGIMENTAL STAFF.

233. The staff of a regiment consists of the adjutant and quarterinaster and they will be so designated. They will be appointed by the regimental commander, who will at once report his action to the Adjutant-General by telegraph; the appointment of the quartermaster is made subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. Each appointment will take effect the day on which it is made, and the officer appointed will be entitled to the pay pertaining thereto from the date when he assumes the duties under such appointment.

234. The adjutant or quartermaster may hold office for four years, including all periods of such service, and no longer. He will not be eligible for a second tour of such duty nor for appointment or reappointment to either position, except to serve an unexpired term of four years.

235. A regimental commander is restricted in his choice of staff officers to the lieutenants on duty with the regiment and who are not at a school of instruction nor with light batteries. Should he desire to appoint a lieutenant absent from the regiment, the lieutenant must join before the appointment can be made.

236. The adjutant, under the direction of the regimental commander, will have charge of the various rosters of service; he will make, publish, and verify all details, keep the records of the regiment, and perform such military duties with troops as are required by regulations. Through him the regimental commander communicates with the officers and men of his command.

237. The adjutant should be courteous to, and on friendly terms with, the officers of the command he represents, and will avoid all discussions of the orders or military conduct of his superiors. He should inform himself upon all points of military usage and etiquette, and, on proper occasions, aid with his advice and experience the subalterns of the regiment, especially those just entering the service. He will endeavor at all times to exert the influence belonging to his station in sustaining the reputation, discipline, and harmony of the regiment.

238. The adjutant and quartermaster are, under the regimental commander, responsible for the discipline and efficiency of the noncommissioned staff and band.

239. The quartermaster is responsible for all quartermaster's supplies of the regiment, and may be required to perform the duties of quartermaster and commissary of the post where he is stationed.

240. An officer of the regimental staff may be assigned to duty with a company, or to any staff duty which his regimental commander may impose. 241. The regimental commander appoints the noncommissioned staff, which consists of the sergeant-major and quartermaster-sergeant; also the regimental noncommissioned officers, consisting of the chief musician, and principal musicians or chief trumpeter and saddler-sergeant, according to arm, each of whom will be furnished with a warrant (his personal property), signed by the regimental commander and countersigned by the adjutant. The appointment takes effect the day on which it is made, and the warrant may be continued in force upon discharge and re-enlistment, if re-enlistment is made on the day following discharge, every such re-enlistment to be noted on the warrant by the regimental commander. Regimental noncommissioned staff officers and regimental noncommissioned officers may be reduced to the ranks by sentence of a court-martial or by order of the regimental commander.

242. The public property pertaining to the headquarters of the regiment will be marked "H. Q.," with arm and number of regiment; the equipments in possession of the noncommissioned staff, regimental noncommissioned officers and band will be marked "N. C. S.," "N. C.," and "Band," respectively, and with the arm and number of the regiment and of the man to whom the articles are issued.

REGIMENTAL RECORDS.

243. Regimental records will consist of an order book, a letters-received book, an index book for letters received, a letters-sent book, an index book for letters sent, and a regimental fund book, furnished by the Quartermaster's Department; a descriptive book, furnished by the Adjutant-General of the Army; all orders, circulars, and instructions from higher authority, copies of the monthly returns, muster rolls of the field, staff, and band, other regimental returns and reports, and all correspondence concerning the regiment or affecting its personnel.

244. All orders and circulars from the Headquarters of the Army, or of the corps, division, brigade, or territorial department in which the regiment may be serving, will be filed in book form and indexed as soon as received.

REGIMENTAL BANDS.

245. Each regimental band will consist of one sergeant and twenty privates, in addition to the chief musician, and principal musicians or chief trumpeter. The regimental commander will designate the company from which the sergeant is to be taken and the number of men of each company to serve with the band. Vacancies thus caused will not be filled. The number of men in and attached to the band will not exceed twenty-four.

246. Band musicians will be dropped from company muster rolls, but will be instructed as soldiers, and are liable to serve in the ranks on any occasion. They will be mustered with the regimental noncommissioned staff and be included in the aggregate on all regimental returns.

247. When a regiment occupies several stations the band will be kept at the headquarters, provided one or more companies be serving there. The field musicians of companies will not be separated therefrom.