JUDICIARY. The judges of the Supreme Court are elected for six years; the judges of District Courts, for four years. The valuation of the State in 1860, according to the Census, was $31,327,895, and the State valuation the same year was-real estate, $16,088,602; personal property, $6,429,630. and no hospital for the insane; but these will come in time. Some provision has been made for a convict prison, but we believe the buildings are not yet completed. Census Statistics.-The State had in 1860 but 372,835 acres of improved land in farms, yet its farms had a cash value of $11,394,184, and its farming implements and machinery were worth $675,336. Its area is larger than that of Missouri, and but little smaller than that of Minnesota; and it has a large amount of arable land. Its population is larger than that of Oregon, and, when it can enjoy peace, will undoubtedly rapidly increase. It has made a fair beginning in manufactures, having in 1860 produced goods to the value of $2,800,000,-an amount greatly increased since that time. The State has been so recently admitted into the Union, and has been so constantly involved in border frays and civil war since the commencement of its territorial and State existence, that it has had neither the opportunity nor resources for thoroughly organizing the school system or the charitable institutions which are a part of the organic life of the other States. It had in 1860 one bank, with $52,000 capital, $48,256 loans, $8,268 specie. $8,895 circulation, and $2,695 deposits, but we believe this has wound up. It has several projected, but as yet no completed, railroad. It has made a beginning in the way of education. Four colleges have been chartered, and one of them at least is moderately well endowed. Two are sustained by the Methodists, one by the Congregationalists, and one by the Roman Catholics. There are as yet no professional schools Contributions of Kansas to the Volunteer Army. in the State. The land-grants (16th and 36th sec--The experience of the State in border wartions) made to every new State for the support of schools have furnished the means for the maintenance of public schools in the larger towns; and there are many good academies and private schools. In its facilities for popular education it is probably, notwithstanding its constant troubles, as well provided as most of the new States. There Is as yet no institution for deaf-mutes or the blind, fare had disciplined her citizens for the contest so suddenly sprung upon the nation, and she has sent into the field in proportion to her population a larger number of volunteer troops, many of them cavalry, than any other State in the Union. The exact number is not known; but it exceeds 14,000 in a population of 107,206, Settled in 1769. Ceded to United States in 1848. Admitted into the Union in 1850. Capital, Sacra. mento. Area, 188,982 square miles. Population, 1860, 379,994, of whom 23,348 are Chinese and Mexican half-breeds, and 14,555 Indians. The justices of the Supreme Court are elected | table below, but the amendments of the Constituby the people for six years, and are so classified that one goes out of office every two years. The senior judge in office is the Chief-Justice. The judges were elected for the terms specified in the tion adopted recently provide that the term of office of the judges of the Supreme Court, the district judges, and the county judges shall expire January 1, 1864. 1863.] Valuation and Taxation.-The Census valuation of the real and personal property of the State was $207,874,613; the assessors' valuation in 1861 was $147,811,617 16. The State tax of 1861 collected in 1862 was $899,081 90. RAILROADS.-The State has as yet but three railroads,-viz.: 1. The California Central, 43.8 miles in length, but, we believe, not yet in operation: the cost of this road and equipment is stated at $1,900,000. 2. The Sacramento Valley, 22.5 miles in length, and whose last report (1861) gives the following statement of its condition:-cost of road and equipment, $1,493,850; share capital paid in, $793,850; funded debt, $700,000; gross earnings, $230,251; net earnings, $104,594. 3. The Las Mariposas, a railway 3.7 miles in length, constructed by General Frémont on his mining property at Mariposa, which cost $100,000, and is remarkable for the skill with which it has overcome serious There are no State engineering difficulties. canals; but the canals constructed by private companies for purposes of mining and navigation are of extraordinary extent. In 1859 there were 5726 miles of artificial water-courses constructed for mining-purposes, at a cost of $13,574,400. A single county (El Dorado) had 1160 miles of these canals. These are independent of aqueducts for the supply of water to four or five of the larger towns. They have nearly or quite doubled since that time. ..$1,462,690 81 EDUCATION.-There is as yet no State University, though the State received from Congress the usual grant of 46,080 acres of land for its endowment. The greater part of this land has been sold, and the proceeds, constituting the University fund, safely and well invested to accumulate until it shall be sufficient for the establishment of a university of high character. The State has, however, incorporated a sufficiency of colleges, there being no less than 12 in the State, 5 of them in San Francisco. Of the 12, 4 are Roman Catholic, 2 Methodist, 2 Episcopal, 1, each, Congregationalist, Presbyterian, and Baptist, and 1 (City College, San Francisco) not sectarian. There is also a Roman Catholic Theological Seminary, and a medical school (the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific), at San Francisco. Academies and seminaries of high grade for both sexes are established in most of the cities and larger towns. Statistics of Schools.-According to the report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the following were the statistics of the schools of the State for the year ending Sept. 1, 1861:-Number of children in the State under 21 years of age, 107,€37; number of children between 4 and 18 years of age, 68,395 (boys, 35,667; girls, 32,728); number of children under 4 years of age, 35,334; number of youths between 18 and 21 years, 3908. Total number of children (under 21) born in California, 59,644. Total number of children attending public schools, School Fund.-In January, 1862, the avails of the school lands sold were $1,038,843, and there were several millions of acres yet unsold. Of the University lands, 39,646 acres had been sold, leaving 6434 acres to be disposed of. Institution for the Education and Care of the Indigent Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, at San Francisco. This institution was founded in 1859, and in January, 1862, had 33 pupils, of whom 11 had been admitted the previous year. The Legislature had appropriated $20,000, the city of San Francisco $7000, and individuals had contributed $2000 more toward the purchase of grounds and the erection and furnishing of buildings for the institution, and two-wing buildings had been erected, the main edifice being delayed till the number of pupils in attendance should be such as to require more room. INSANE ASYLUM, at Stockton, Dr. W. P. Tilden, Superintendent.-On the 1st of December, 1860, there were in this asylum 417 patients (332 males and 85 females). From that date to April 20 (when there was a change of superintendents), 121 (95 males and 26 females) were admitted, and during the same period 85 were discharged, died, or eloped. On the 20th of April, 1861, when the present Superintendent took charge, there were 453 patients (362 males and 91 females); from that date to December 1, 1861, 198 (159 males and 39 females) were admitted, and 188 (149 males and 39 females) discharged; 33 (30 males and 3 females) died; and 14 (all males) eloped. The whole number remaining, December 1, 1861, was 416, and the average number resident through the year, 434. Of those discharged from April December 1, 154 were cured, 23 improved, and 11 unimproved; while, as above stated, 33 died. The percentage of recoveries to admissions was 77.77; of recoveries to whole number resident, 35.48; proportion of deaths to whole number resident, 7.60. The per capita annual expense of patients was $152 50. The Superintendent complains in strong terms of the crowded condition of the asylum, and urges the importance of additional buildings, and means of classification, occupation, and amusement for the patients. The asylum, he insists, is now only a prison, and not so well off as some convict prisons. The expenditures, including a little more than $9000 for improvements. &c., were $74,046 00. The receipts were $75,311 31. to State Prison, at San Quentin, W. E. Robinson, Warden.-There were in the prison, January 1, 1861, 554 prisoners; during the year ending January 1, 1862, there were 247 committed, of whom 238 were new prisoners, and 9 escaped prisoners recaptured; 212 in all were discharged, of whom 130 were discharged by expiration of sentence, 34 were pardoned, 35 escaped, 8 died or were killed, 1 was sent to the insane asylum, and 4 were delivered to sheriffs. On the 1st of January, 1862, there were in the prison 589 prisoners. Of these, 87 were committed for murder or manslaughter, 78 for other crimes against the person, 414 for crimes against property, of which 8 were crimes in regard to the currency, and 8 for crimes against society. Sixteen were sentenced for life, and 116 others for terms of 10 years or more, while 76 were sentenced for 1 year or less. Forty-six were not more than 20 years of age when convicted; 256 were natives of the United States, and 333 of foreign countries. Of those natives of the United States, 227 could read, 216 could write, and 29 could neither read nor write. Of those of foreign birth, 140 conld read, 120 could read and write, and 141 could neither read nor write. Of the native Californians, 8 could read, 5 could read and write, and 44 could not read or write. The expenditures for the prison, |