X. DELAWARE. Settled in 1627. Capital, Dover. Area, 2120 square miles. Population, 1860, 112,216. John Sorden.................Georgetown... Speaker of the House........ 350 & fees. $4 per day & mileage. 3 per day & fees. 4 per day & mileage. 3 per day & fees. office for five years. The Chancellor and Judges hold office during good behavior. The pay of members of the Legislature is $3 a day and mile age. The sessions are biennial. The next com. The Governor is elected by the people for a term of four years. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor, and serves for an equal term with him. The State Treasurer and Auditor are elected by the Legislature for two years. The Attorney-mences in Jan. 1863. General is appointed by the Governor, and holds The receipts from all sources for the general expenditure of the State for the year ending Jan. 1, 1862, were.......... For school and educational purposes.... ..$00,385 51 State were-New Castle county, $62,057 77; Kent county, $34,149 54; Sussex county, $24,914 05: total, $121,121 36. The expenditures of the School Fund consisted | total of about $41,500,000. The total taxes of the of the payment of arrearages due certain districts, and advances made for the counties of sums for education of the deaf, dumb, blind, and idiotic, the whole amounting to $2,850 73, and the division of the remainder among the districts of the several counties, $18,374, the income of the General School Fund, being distributed to the counties according to their population in 1830, and $16,200, the interest of the surplus fund, divided in equal sums to each county. Under these principles of distribution, New Castle county received $12,807 36, Kent county, $9,755 48, and Sussex county, $12,011 22. The State has no debt. It has a fund of $71,750, invested in bank-stocks, the income of which is applied to the general expenses of the State, and a school fund of $431,392, invested in bank and railroad stocks, and bonds and mortgages. The income of this, and the receipts from marriage, liquor, tavern, retailers', and peddlers' licenses, constitute the State school revenue. TAXES AND VALUATION.-The valuation of property, real and personal, in the State, according to the census of 1860, was $46,242,181. The assessors' valuation for the same year was $39,767,233. The assessors' valuation in 1862 was-for New Castle county, $22,984,361; for Kent county, $8,537,137; for Sussex county, about $10,000,000; making a BANKS.-The State has 14 banks, which in May, 1862, had an aggregate capital of $1,915,010, a circulation of $1,000,000, and specie to the amount of $250,000. In Jan. 1861, twelve of them reported the following resources and liabilities: loans and discounts, $3,014,653; stocks, $3.250; real estate, $83,963; due by other banks, $336,767; notes of other banks, $130,423; cash items, $104,005; specie, $187,263. Liabilities: capital, $1,640,785; circulation, $1,080,822; deposits, $818,201; due to other banks, $105,948. RAILROADS.-The State has five railroads,-the Delaware road, intended to form part of a line connecting by steamers at Princess Ann, on Tangier Sound, Maryland, with Norfolk, Va. This is now extended by the Delaware and Maryland road to Salisbury. The Junction and Breakwater road is a branch of this, extending from Milford to Lewes. The New Castle and Frenchtown, and the New Castle and Wilmington roads connect those towns respectively. The Philadelphia, Wilmington and Delaware road forms an important link in the great Southern route. The following table gives particulars in regard to these roads : EDUCATION.-Delaware has two colleges, Delaware College, at Newark, of which only the preparatory department is now in operation, and St. Mary's College, at Wilmington, a large and wellconducted institution under the care of the Roman Catholic Church. There are, we believe, no professional schools in the State. tution was adopted, is now manifestly wrong, since, in consequence of it, one voter in either Sussex or Kent counties is practically equal to two in New Castle county,—that county having twice the population of either of the others. CENSUS STATISTICS.-The population consists of 90,589 whites (45,940 males and 44,649 females), 19,829 free colored (9889 males and 9940 females), and 1798 slaves (860 males and 933 females). Of the slaves, 1341 are in Sussex county, 254 in New Castle, and 203 in Kent. The entire population of the three counties is-Kent, 27,804; New Castle, 54,797; Sussex, 29,615. In area and population Delaware stands thirty-second in rank; in density of population, ninth, having 52.93 inhabitants to the square mile; in mean ratio, thirty-third, and Common Schools.-The State has a tolerably efficient school system, though varying in effectiveness in the different counties. There are 304 school districts organized, and in 1861 there were 296 schools organized. 15,036 children attended school; the schools were maintained an average of 6.97 months,-viz., in New Castle county 8.53 months, in Kent county 7.65, and in Sussex county 4.74 months. The whole amount received for school purposes was $56,850 57; the whole ex-in absolute increase of population during the last penditure was $85,333 03, of which $59,495 55 was for tuition, and $25,837 48 for contingencies. Of the whole amount received for school purposes, $33,355 49 was from the school fund, and $53,495 08 was raised by contribution. Of this sum, $37,731 80 (more than two-thirds) was raised in New Castle county. We have no statistics of the amount of monthly wages paid respectively to male and female teachers; but the average wages paid to teachers, without distinction of sex, is quite high. being $29 41 per month throughout the State, $40 65 in New Castle county, $26 in Kent county, and $21 60 in Sussex county. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS.-The Constitution of the State provides for an equal number of Representatives in the Legislature from each of the three counties of the State; a provision which, though it may have been just when the Consti decade, tenth. In products of industry she ranks twenty-fifth, her aggregate manufactures amounting to $9,920,000, the most considerable items being flour and meal, steam engines and machinery, carriages and cars, lumber, cotton and woollen goods, and boots and shoes. In the amount of improved lands she occupies the twenty-eighth rank, and in the quantity of unimproved land in farms, the thirty-third. Though twenty-ninth in the cash value of its farms ($31,426,357), the small extent of the State must be taken into the account Its valuation according to the census ($46,242,181) gives nearly $420 as the average amount of property to each inhabitant. It ranks twenty-third among the wheatgrowing States, and the quality of its grain and flour is excellent. XI. MARYLAND. Settled in 1634. Capital, Annapolis. Area, 11,124 square miles. Population, 687,049. |