is not enough: A graceful way and fashion in every thing, is that which gives the or nament and liking. And in moft cafes, the manner of doing is of more confequence, than the thing done; and upon that depends the fatisfaction of difguft wherewith it is received. This therefore, which lies not in the putting off the hat, nor making of compliments, but in a due and free composure of language, looks, motions, pofture, place, &c. fuited to perfons and occafions, and can be learned only by habit and ufe, though it be above the capacity of children, and little ones. fhould not be perplexed about it; yet it ought to be begun, and in a good measure learned by a young gentleman, whilft he is under a tutor, before he comes into the world upon his own legs: for then ufually it is too late to hope to reform feveral habitual indecencies, which lie in little things. For the carriage is not as it fhould be, till it is become natural in every part, falling, as fkilful musician's fingers do into harmonious order, without care, and without thought. If in converfation a man's mind be kept up with a folicitous watchfulness about any part of his behaviour, inftead of being mended by it, it will be constrained, unealy, and ungraceful.

Belides, this part is moft neceffary to be formed by the hands and care of a gover nor; because, though the errors committed

in breeding are the first that are taken notice of by others, yet they are the laft that any one is told of: Not but that the malice, of the world is forward enough to tattle of them; but it is always out of his hearing, who fhould make profit of their judgment, and reformn himself by their cenfure. And indeed, this is

a

fo nice a point to be meddled with, that even those who are friends, and wish it were mended, scarce ever dare mention it, and tell those they love, that they are guilty in fuch or fuch cafes of ill breeding. Errors in other things may often with civility be fhewn another: and 'tis no breach of good manners or friendfhip, to fet him right in other mistakes: but good breeding itself allows not a man to touch upon this, or to infinuate to another that he is guilty of want of breeding. Such informa tion can come only from thofe who have au. thority over them; and from them too it comes very hardly and harfhly to a grown man; and however foftened, goes but ill down with any one, who has lived ever fo little in the world. Wherefore it is neceffary that this part fhould be the governor's principal care, that an habitual gracefulness and politeness in all his carriage, may be fettled in his charge, as much as may be, before he goes out of his hands; and that he may not need advice in this point, when he has neither time nor difpofition to receive it, nor has any body left to

give it him.

The tutor therefore ought, in the firft place, to be well-bred: and a young gentleman, who gets this one qualification. from his governor, fets out with great advantage, and will find, that this one accomplishment will more open his way to him, get him more friends, and carry him farther in the world, than all hard words, or real know. ledge he has got from the liberal arts, or his tutor's learned Encyclopaidia. Not that thofe fhould be neglected, but by no means preferred, or fuffered to thruft out the o ther.

§ 94. Besides being well-bred, the tutor fhould know the world well the ways, the humours, the follies, the cheats, the faults of the age he has fallen into, and particularly of the country he lives in. Thefe he fhould be able to fhew to his pupil, as he finds him capable; teach him kill in men, and their manners; pull off the mafk which their feveral callings and pretences cover them with, and make his pupil difcern what lies at the bottom, under fuch appearances, that he may not, as unexperienced young men are apt to do, if they are unwarned, take one thing for another, judge by the out fide, and give himfelf up to fhew, and the infinuation of a fair carriage, or an obliging application. A governor should teach his fcholar to guefs at, and beware of the defigns of men he hath

to

to do with, neither with too much fufpicion, nor too much confidence; but, as the young man is by nature most inclined to either fide, rectify him, and bend him the other way. He fhould accuftom him to make as much as is poffible, a true judgment of men by thofe marks which ferve beft to fhew what they are, and give a profpect into their infide; which often fhews itfelf in little things, especially when they are not in parade, and upon their guard. He should acquaint him with the true ftate of the world, and dispose him to think no man better or worse, wifer or foolisher, than really he is. Thus, by fafe and infenfible degrees, he will pafs from a boy to a man; which is the most hazardous step in all the whole courfe of life. This therefore should be carefully watched, and a young man with great diligence handed over it; and not as now ufually is done, be taken from a governor's conduct, and all at once thrown into the world under his own, not without manifeft dangers of immediate fpoiling: there being nothing more frequent, than instances of the great loofenefs, extravagancy and debauchery, which young men have run into as foon as they have been let loofe from a fevere and ftrict education: which I think may be chiefly imputed to their wrong way of breeding, efpecially in this part: for having been bred up in a great ignorance of what the world truly

F 5

truly is, and finding it a quite other thing, when they come into it, that what they were taught it should be, and fo imagined it was, are eafily perfuaded, by other kind of tutors, wich they are fure to meet with, that the difcipline they were kept under, and the lectures read to them, were but the formalities of education, and the restraints of childhood; that the freedom belonging to men, is to take their fwing in a full enjoyment of what was before forbidden them. They fhew the young novice the world full of fafhionable and glitter; ing examples of this every where, and he is presently dazzled with them. My young mafter failing not to be willing to fhew himfelf a man, as much as any of the sparks of his years, lets himself loofe to all the irregularities he finds in the moft debauched ; and thus courts credit and manlinefs, in the cafting off the modefty and fobriety he has till then been kept in; and thinks it brave, at his first fetting out, to fignalize himfelf in running counter to all the rules of virtue, which have been preached to him by his tutor.

The fhewing him the world as really it is before he comes wholly into it, is one of the best means, I think, to prevent this mischief. He should by degrees be informed of the vices in fashion, and warned of the applications and defigns of thofe who will make it their business to corrupt him. He should be

told