land, formerly resided in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, where they were members of the Associate Reformed Church under the pastoral care of the late Rev. Mungo Dick. James was the eighth of nine children, and when only in the fifth year of his age was deprived of his father by death. The widowed mother, however, well filled that father's place in the destituShe at once entered tion at that early day of the regular means of grace. upon the course which her lamented husband had long pursued of having family worship regularly observed morning and evening, and each of the children carefully commit to memory and recite to her the Shorter Catechism and portions of the Scriptures and the Scripture Psalms. At length as a Presbyterian Church was organized, as the only one near her, she united with it and had James and two of his sisters baptized. Under this mother's judicious and faithful training he learned to read and write, and His advantages at any attained considerable knowledge of arithmetic. kind of schools were very limited, and under painful reverses in the circumstances of the family, he early began to hire himself out in the employ of others. At fourteen his mother suggested to him the importance of learning a trade, that thus he might be able in some degree to make provision for his future livelihood, but even at that early period he had his heart set upon some day obtaining an education, in which his sole object in this purpose was to gratify a certain undefined but earnest longing to become a minister of the gospel. Accordingly he succeeded in persuading his mother to allow him to continue in the brick-yard where he was at that time employed, with a view of his being able after a while to study, and then teach school, and finally prosecute a regular literary course, to the completion which he so ardently desired. At seventeen he began to teach, and after continuing thus two years and carefully using every means of improving himself, he went to an academy in Ripley, Ohio, where he remained, studying and teaching as a principal of common schools and as assistant in the academy until 1843, when he entered the Sophomore class in Miami Here he boarded himself, studied very University, at Oxford, Ohio. closely, and though compelled to teach school six months during his course, yet graduated with an honorable standing in his class, in 1845.

During his residence in Ripley his mind became deeply impressed with religious truth, and after much struggling and earnest prayer for divine light, he was led to entertain what he ever afterwards with increasing joy regarded as a good hope in Christ. While he was meditating a connection with the church, a new hymn-book was introduced into the Sabbath-school and he was led to examine the whole subject of Psalmody. In this way he was brought at length to feel that only the Spirit of God could give the proper material for divine praise, and concluding that the Psalms of the Bible were specially given for this purpose, he was led to seek a church where he thought the songs that were used in divine worship were as nearly as possible those of inspiration. This brought him finally, about the year 1838, to unite on a profession of his faith with the Associate Reformed Church of Cherry Fork, Ohio, at that time under the pastoral care of the late Rev. Robert Stewart, and then more than ever was he resolved upon the work of the ministry. This purpose was steadily continued, and in the autumn following his graduation for college, he placed himself under the care of the Associate Reformed Presbytery of Chillicothe, and entered the Theological Seminary of the Second Synod of the West, at Oxford, Ohio, under the instruction of the late excellent Rev. Dr. Claybaugh.

In the winter of 1847-8 he was induced, from a variety of circumstances, to visit the South, where he was usefully employed for some months in the State of Mississippi as a colporteur of the Bible Society of that State, and also of the American Tract Society in New York. Shortly after his return

to the North he was licensed by the Associate Presbytery of Michigan, to whose care he had been transferred. On returning the ensuing fall to the Seminary at Oxford, he shortly afterwards received an earnest call from the congregation at Martin, Michigan, to become their pastor. This call he felt it his duty to accept, and in May, 1849, he was ordained and installed by the Associate Reformed Presbytery of Michigan, under most favorable prospects of usefulness and comfort.

Hitherto the work of foreign missions had often been before his mind; he had uniformly and earnestly advocated it, but he had never formally consecrated himself to it, further than to cultivate a feeling of holding himself ready to go and preach the gospel wherever the Head of the Church might call him. At the meeting of the General Synod of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, in 1849, it being felt that the missionary force in Syria ought to be increased, he was, on motion of Rev. James Caskie, of Ripley, Ohio, unanimously named with another brother, for that service. Notice of this act of the Synod came to him on the day of his ordination at Martin, Michigan, and carefully considering the question of personal duty, he resolved upon the foreign missionary life. Feeling it his duty, however, to remain with the congregation for one year, he did so; and then, after proper preparation, sailed, in company with the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Gulian Lansing, on the 12th of December, 1850, from Boston, in the bark Utah, Captain Gowdy, for Smyrna, which he reached after the long passage of fifty-three days. Thence he sailed in an Austrian steamer for Beirut, and finally reached Damascus, March 1, 1851, and immediately entered upon the great work of learning the Arabic language, preparatory to his engaging in the missionary service. For this he had considerable aptitude, and was able at the end of his first year's study to commence holding family worship in Arabic, and at the end of the second he began sermonizing in it, when he was forced, from the circumstances of his family, to return to the United States.

After being absent a little more than a year, during which time he saw many of the churches and sought to advance the cause of missions, he sailed again for Syria, from Philadelphia, September 30, 1854, and on the 18th of November reached Damascus again as his fondly coveted field of labor. Here he steadily pursued his labors until the terrible outbreak in Syria, in 1860, about which time, in consequence of the state of his family, again he felt it was his duty to revisit his native land. While here, many things combined to make him feel that possibly there was no more work for him to do in Syria, troubled and distracted as it was. The entire Christian quarter in Damascus, containing the dwellings of thirty-five thousand people, had been destroyed, his own residence, library, &c., burned, and the mission for the time at least utterly broken up. Here home, too, there were congregations wishing his services. Under these circumstances he had about concluded to settle, at least for a time, in a pastoral charge, at Clayton, Ill., when on the reopening of the Syrian field and the earnest application of the missionaries in Damascus for his return, the General Assembly of our Church reappointed him to the work, and accordingly, on the 25th of October, 1862, he sailed again for Damascus. At length he safely reached it, devoted himself more than ever to his work, saw a good house rebuilt in the midst of the ruined quarter, rented it on reasonable terms, had it fitted up for a very inviting place of public worship, Bible-classes, and other religious meetings, as well as for his own residence; and when we visited him last spring he assured us that now he felt he was in his place, and that, more than ever, with the change that had been made to take place in Damascus, and the openings that were at Nebk, Yabrud, Deir Atiyeh, and Rasheiah, God was showing that he had mercy in store for

He died of Con

Syria, and would prosper the work of their hands. Nor was his warm heart deceived in its expectations. The past season has been one of arduous labor, and it has been one also of much promising fruit. But the laborer has fallen-fallen with his armor on. gestion of the Lungs on Sabbath, the 30th of August, 1863. This day will be sadly remembered in our history of the Syrian Mission. Then a standard-bearer fell-fell nobly, in the front of the field, and his last work, a work of toiling, anxious love for souls. Who will take his place?

Mr. Frazier was, in many respects, well fitted for the missionary service. He was self-made, and his training had fitted him well for the work. Affable, cheerful, and ready, he had easy access to the natives, and happily combined prudence with zeal in his work. In no way brilliant as a preacher in an English audience his prayers always fixed attention, and his ministry and his instructions in the Bible-class in Arabic, were earnestly and usefully received.

He was three times married; first, on the 7th of December, 1847, to a Miss Mary H. Lyon, sister-in law of Professor Bishop, of Miami University, and with whom he immediately went South for the good of her health, but had the hard trial of finding that she was not benefited, and on the 27th of the following April she expired in his arms on a steamer while returning to her home in Ohio. His second marriage was just before his setting out the first time for the foreign field, to Miss Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of Robert E. Stewart, Esq., near Hamilton, Ohio, on the 11th of September, 1850. This estimable lady went cheerfully to her work, but on the 29th of the following July was called to enter her rest, and now mingles her dust with that of those in Syria whom she went to save. His third marriage was to Miss Joanna Stephenson, of Sidney, Ohio, on the 12th of July, 1854. His widow, with four children, survives him.

Hanna,

HANNA, D.D., THOMAS-The son of Thomas and was born October 4, 1799.* His father was an Elder in the Associate Congregation of North Buffalo, Washington County, Pa., then under the care of Rev. David French. He was the youngest child in the family, and he appears from an early period of his life to have had his heart turned to the Lord and to his service in the ministry. His classical studies were commenced under the direction of Joseph Scroggs, D.D., then a theological student in a select school at Mount Hope Church, near West Middletown, Pa., afterward he attended several terms at Washington College, Pa., when in 1816 his collegiate connection was transfered to Jefferson College, Canonsburgh, Pa., where he was graduated in 1818. His theological studies which had been pursued for some time before the completion of his collegiate course, were now continued under the venerable Rev. Dr. John Anderson. His deportment was always exemplary, according to the uniform testimony of those who knew him. Even from boyhood he was distinguished for uprightness and sobriety of behaviour. Although of a cheerful disposition. he carefully avoided all unbecoming levity, and applied himself diligently to his studies. Great things could not reasonably be expected at the first from one so young, and whose early years had been employed in studies so remote from theology as the usual course of classical literature, yet it was the opinion of his fellow-students that no one of them exceeded him in the amount of his progress.

In the spring of 1819 Dr. Anderson resigned his professorship, and as no successor was appointed until two years afterwards, Mr. Hanna was left to complete his theological course under the care of the Presbytery of Char

*This Memoir was prepared by THOMAS BEVERIDGE, D.D., Xenia, Ohio.