in the coaches. At Des Moines, the prisoners again demanded to know (as they had done at the time of their arrest,) upon what authority and for what cause they were seized. They were answered that they should know soon enough. They demanded trial, and were answered with jeers and insults.

Upon arrival at Des Moines, the prisoners, amid all kinds of insult, except personal violence, were marched to Camp Burnside, and given a sick man's allowance of dry bread. The next day they were again ironed, and driven to Newtown, in Jasper County, where they were joined by Naylor, Mann, and Beal. Their treatment from this time is given in Mr Naylor's narrative, all being confined together and treated alike.

The reception of the prisoners on arriving at Winterset, after their release, was most enthusiastic.

Their arrival at Des Moines was made known at Winterset in the shortest time possible, and in ten hours - hours of night mostly a concourse of jubilant Democrats, sufficiently large to form a procession one mile in length, convened at Winterset to welcome the martyrs home. The enthusiasm on the occasion baffles description.

The prisoners were met four miles east of the town, and escored in triumph to their homes.

HON. RICHARD BENNETT CARMICHAEL.

MARYLAND, from the first settlement of the State down

to the present time, has had many citizens to whose names she can point with pride and ad niration. Among them may be designated Richard Bennett Carmichael. Descended from one of the oldest families of the Eastern Shore, the name which has been identified with the best interests of the State, before, during, and since the Revolutiorary War-alone carries with it respect and confidence.

The father of Judge Carmichael was a lawyer of erudition and distinction, while he himself possesses the reputation of being one of the soundest and most learned lawyers of his State.

When quite a young man, he was elected a member of Congress, which position he filled with great satisfaction to his constituency. After his retirement from Congress, he engaged in professional and agricultural pursuits, at the same time being the recipient of many offices of honor and trust. Subsequently, he was chosen Judge of the Circuit Court comprising the Counties of Kent, Queen Anne, Caroline, and Talbot.

The election of Mr. Lincoln, in 1861, upon the issues involved, accomplished a great revolution in the State of Maryland as well as in the United States generally. The vote of the State of Maryland disclosed an almost total absence o1 sympathy in the principles which prevailed in that election. The doctrine of secession had not much favor with either of the parties which had divided the State from the foundation of the Federal Government. But the right of coercion of a State, by that Government, had never been recognized by either, and the leading men on both sides had disclosed decided

opposition to it. The sympathies of the State were with the South generally, and with Virginia in particular, when the prospect of separation began to be developed, after the elec tion. Little doubt exists with any who observed the condition of things at that period, that, if Virginia had seceded in the early part of the winter following, Maryland would have gone with her. Geographical relation, community of interests, of institutions, association, and every tie which binds States and peoples together, served to make their fortunes one.

These causes, and the consequences so natural to them, led to the jealousy which possessed the Federal authorities toward Maryland throughout the war, and to the continued and multiplied oppression by which the State was borne down to its very close. This, at least, is the charitable conclusion to be drawn from the course and conduct of the Government in this relation, and no Government ever stood more in need of charity in finding a pretext for its tyranny to the people of a "loyal State." For, notwithstanding her sympathy was in the main the other way, her action, as a State organization in all the departments, was firmly in adherence to the Union.

If statesmanship at Washington had not been so shallow, it would have discovered, what the people of the State had come to feel, long before the war broke out, that participation in the war on the side of the South, would lead inevitably to the sacrifice of the material interests of the State. When the people, in the first view of the situation, were ready to co-operate with Virginia in the movement of secession, they were under the sway of sympathy- of impulse to act with those with whom they felt in common. Moreover, it was believed that co-operation in such a movement would carry along Kentucky and Missouri, and a general conviction possessed every heart, that such concurrent action by these States would prevent the outbreak of war, and, after a time, bring about terms of conciliation between the North and the South. But, while Virginia was debating the policy of sepa ration, impulse in Maryland was giving way to reflection

and, when finally war was inevitable-when Mr. Lincoln, on the one side of the Potomac, had flung his banner to the breeze and called his hosts to arms, and Virginia, responsive on the other side, thundered forth her ordinance of secession-to the calm, sound, sober thought of Maryland, it was manifest she had no place but with the Union; that place she held geographically, and she assumed it politically. Her Governor, Hicks-though pledged, time and again, to individuals and to committees, in private and in public, to join the fortunes of the South, in the event of conflict between the North and the South-rallied to the Union; and her Legislature, although Democratic, resolved that Maryland had no alternative but to adhere to the Union.

Individual sympathy remained much with the South, but State purpose and policy was adhesion to the Union. The elections followed soon after, and disclosed heavy majorities in favor of the Union candidates.

In this condition of things, the policy taken by the Federal Government was to treat the State as a conquered province, and her people as enemies. The civil power was overborne, and military rule established on its ruins. Citizens were subject to the caprice of such characters as Butler, and Banks, and Dix, and were arrested and cast into prison without warrant of law, or form of trial. Hordes of spies and informers waited on the bidding of Federal chieftains; and in that class, it was found, by the capture of one of their camps by the Confederate forces, that the Governor, Hicks, had taken his becoming place. The Marshal of Police of the city of Baltimore was captured in his bed by a Federal regiment. The Police Commissioners of that city and the Mayor shared like fortune; and, as if to assure the people of the State there was no place or person which they could regard secure against the march of unbridled power, the Legislature were beleaguer ed, captured, and transported to a prison in a distant State.

The subject of this narrative, Judge Carmichael, at this time, was a Judge of one of the Circuits comprising the Coun tics of Kent, Queen Anne, Caroline, and Talbot Before the

beginning of these arbitrary proceedings, the spring terms in all these counties had been held. In the course of the summer, military arrests were made in sundry cases in Queen Anne and Talbot Counties. On the approach of the fall elections, squads of the military were sent to both of them, to overawe the voters. Arrests were made, of Arrests were made, of persons for disloyalty," who had not favored the Union candidate at the election. The Clerk of the Circuit Court for Queen Anne was seized and taken to the camp of a Federal regiment established near the village, and called to answer before a Federal Colonel, on the very day before the regular fall term of the Court.

It was a time-honored custom, in this Court, for the Judge to charge the grand jury in respect of offences subject to their cognizance, to which Judge Carmichael had conformed; and, as the proceedings of the Federal officers had caused much distress and alarm throughout the jurisdiction, he had to perform or shrink from the duty belonging to the occasion.

He charged the grand jury, that every arrest, without “warrant of law," was arbitrary and unlawful, and that the parties thereto were subject to their cognizance. Bills of presentment followed, but the camp had been broken up and the regiment removed before proceedings from the Court could reach the offenders.

The term of the Court in Talbot County followed in a fortnight after. In this county, wrongs similar to those presented in Queen Anne had been suffered; and here the Judge charged the grand jury to the same effect, and in the same general terms as in Queen Anne, with similar results. One of the county papers made a gross misrepresentation of the terms and meaning of the charge to the grand jury. The purpose of this was so transparent that, at the instance of his friends, the Judge reduced his charge to writing, and gave it to the press. It was written out, as nearly as might be, in the very terms delivered, so that those who had heard could verify its identity when they should see it in print. So it is giver here, in the simple didactic form in which it was the Judge'