other statement, regarding any person or persons who may have been in the employ of any of the above-mentioned railroads, telegraph, or other companies, corporations, or individuals, which will deprive said person or persons of, or in any way prevent them from obtaining employment.

SEC. 2. Any dismissed employee shall on demand be furnished by the aforesaid employer of said dismissed employee specific reasons in writing for said dismissal: Provided, That no person or corporation shall be held liable either civilly or criminally for any such reasons so given upon such request.

SEC. 3. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, or combination of persons, or society, or union, to establish or institute, or engage in a boycott against any individual, firm or corporation carrying on any kind of trade or business, by agreeing not to patronize, trade or do business with any such individual, firm or corporation, or to induce others not to so patronize, trade or do business with any such individual, firm or corporation.

SEC. 4. Any violation of this act shall be a misdemeanor and punishable by fine of not less than five hundred (500) dollars, nor more than one thousand (1,000) dollars, or imprisonment not less than sixty (60) days, nor more than one year, or both fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court.

Approved April 21, 1897.

CONNECTICUT.

GENERAL STATUTES OF 1888.

CHAPTER 99.-Offenses of strikers.

SECTION 1517 (as amended by chapter 87, acts of 1895). Every person who shall unlawfully, maliciously, and in violation of his duty or contract, unnecessarily stop, delay, or abandon any locomotive, car, or train of cars, or street-railway car, or shall maliciously injure, hinder, or obstruct the use of any locomotive, car, or railroad, or street-railway car, or street railway, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months.

SEC. 1518. Every person who shall threaten, or use any means to intimidate any person to compel such person, against his will, to do or abstain from doing any act which such person has a legal right to do, or shall persistently follow such person in a disorderly manner, or injure, or threaten to injure, his property with intent to intimidate him, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six months.

[Original act approved March 29, 1878.]

ACTS OF 1897.

CHAPTER 184.-Blacklisting.

Every employer who shall blacklist an employee with intent to prevent such employee from procuring other employment shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than two hundred dollars.

Approved May 25, 1897.

DELAWARE.

REVISED CODE OF 1893.

PAGE 928.-Strikes of railroad employees.

SECTION 1. If any locomotive engineer, upon any railroad within this State, whoshal', at the time, be engaged in any strike, or with a view to incite others to such strike, or in furtherance of any combination or preconcerted arrangement with any other person or persons to bring about or produce such strike, shall abandon the locomotive engine in his charge, when attached either to a passenger or freight train, at any place other than the schedule or otherwise appointed destination of such train, or shall refuse or neglect to proceed with said train to the place of destination, as aloresaid, every such person, so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction thereof by indictment, be fined not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 2. If any locomotive engineer, or railroad employee, within this State, for the purpose of furthering the object of, or lending aid to, any strike or strikes organ

ized or attempted to be maintained on any other railroad, either within or without this State, shall refuse or neglect, in the course of his employment, to aid in the movement over and upon the tracks of the company employing him of the cars of such other railroad company, or receive therefrom in course of transit where strikes are, either then, or may have been organized or attempted to be maintained, as aforesaid, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by indictment, shall be fined not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 3. If any person in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike upon any railroad within this State, shall interfere with, molest or obstruct any railroad employee engaged in the discharge and performance of his duty, as such, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by indictment, shall be fined not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 4. If any person or persons, in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike, shall obstruct any railroad track within this State, or shall injure or destroy the rolling stock or any other property of any railroad company, or shall take possession of or remove any such property, or shall prevent, or attempt to prevent, the use thereof by such railroad company or its employees, or shall, by offer of recompense, induce any employees of any railroad company within this State, to leave the service of such company, every such person, so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof by indictment, shall be fined not less than five hundred, nor more than one thousand dollars, and may be imprisoned, not less than six months, nor more than one year, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 5. If any conductor, baggage master, brakeman, or other train man, employed on either a freight or passenger train, on any railroad within this State, shall abandon the train to which he is so attached, or with which he is connected in furtherance of any strike, or with a view of inciting others to such strike, or in aid of any others who may be engaged in such strike, at any place other than the schedule or otherwise appointed destination of such train, or shall refuse or neglect to proceed with such train to its place of destination, every such person, so offending, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, by indictment, shall be fined not less than one hundred, nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court. [Passed March 8, 1877.]

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

ACTS OF CONGRESS OF 1892-93.

PAGE 591-CHAPTER 208.-Employment of private detectives forbidden.

* * Hereafter no employee of the Pinkerton Detective Agency, or similar agency shall be employed in any Government service or by any officer of the District of Columbia.

*

*

*

Approved March 3, 1893.

FLORIDA.

REVISED STATUTES OF 1892.

PART 5-TITLE 2-CHAPTER 6—ARTICLE 8.—Conspiracy.

* * *

* * *

SECTION 2593. If two or more persons shall agree, conspire, combine or confederate: (1) To commit any offense; (6) To commit any act injurious to the public health or public morals, or for the prevention or obstruction of justice; they shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

[Original act approved August 6, 1868.]

ACTS OF 1893.

CHAPTER 4144.-Conspiracy against workingmen.

SECTION 1. If two or more persons shall agree, conspire, combine, or confederate together for the purpose of preventing any persons from procuring work in any firm

or corporation, or to cause the discharge of any person or persons from work in such firm or corporation, or if any person or persons shall verbally or by a written or printed communication, threaten any injury to the life, property or business of any person, for the purpose of procuring the discharge of any workman in any firm or corporation, or to prevent any person or persons from procuring work in such firm or corporation, such person or persons so combining shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction [thereof] shall be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars each, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year. Approved May 31, 1893.

CHAPTER 4207.-Protection of employees—Blacklisting, etc.

SEC. 1. If any railroad company or other corporation doing business in this State, or any person, agent or employer of any such company or corporation after having discharged any employee from the service of any such company or corporation, shall attempt to prevent by word or writing, sign or other means, directly or indirectly, such discharged employee from obtaining employment with any other person, company or corporation such person, agent, employer, company or corporation shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars or less than one hundred dollars, and such person, agent, employer, company or corporation shall be liable in damages to such discharged person, to be recovered by civil action; but this section shall not be construed as prohibiting any person, agent, employer, company or corporation_from giving in writing to any other person, company or corporation to whom such discharged person has applied for employment, a truthful statement of the reasons for such discharge; and shall furnish to such discharged employee on his application, to such address as may be given by such discharged employee, within ten days after such application made as aforesaid, a true copy of any such written statement. SEC. 2. If any railroad company or other corporation doing business in this State, shall authorize or permit, with its knowledge and consent, any of its officers, agents, employers or employees to commit either or any of the acts prohibited by this act (except as herein provided), such railroad company or corporation shall be liable in damages to such employee so prevented from obtaining employment, to be recovered by him in a civil action.

SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of any person, officer, agent, employer, company or corporation aforesaid, after having discharged any employee from the service of any such company or corporation, upon written demand by such employee, to furnish to him, within ten days from the application for the same, a full statement in writing of the cause or causes of his discharge, and if any such person, officer, agent, employer, company or corporation as aforesaid shall refuse within ten days after demand as herein provided to furnish such statement to such discharged employee, it shall be ever after unlawful for any such person, officer, agent, employer, company or corporation to furnish any statement of the cause of such discharge to any person or corporation or to in any way blacklist or to prevent such discharged employee from procuring employment elsewhere, subject to the penalties prescribed in section one of this act. And on the trial of any person company or corporation for a violation of the provisions of this act, any other person who may have authorized or permitted, with knowledge and consent as aforesaid, any such offense, or who may have participated in the same, shall be a competent witness, and be compelled to give evidence, and nothing then said by such witness shall at any time be received or given in evidence against him in any prosecution against the said witness, except on an indictment for perjury in any matter to which he may have testified; and on the trial of any such person for any violation of this act, the prosecution shall have the authority and process of the court trying the case to compel the production in court, to be used in evidence in the case, the books and papers of any such person, company or corporation, and a failure to produce the same, after such reasonable notice as the court may in each case provide, shall be in contempt of court, and punishable as such against the custodian or person, company or corporation having the control or in charge of such books and papers, who shall fail to produce the same; Provided, That such written cause of the discharge, when so made as aforesaid, at the request of such discharged employee shall never be used as the cause for an action for slander or for libel, either civil or criminal, against the person or authority furnishing the same.

SEC. 4. It shall be the duty of any person, company or corporation who has received any request or notice in writing, sign, word or otherwise, from any other person, company or corporation, preventing or attempting to prevent the employment of any person discharged from the service of either of the latter, on demand of

such discharged employee, to furnish to such employee within ten days after such. demand, a true statement of the nature of such request or notice, and if in writing, a copy of the same, and if a sign, the interpretation thereof, with the name of the person, company or corporation furnishing the same, with the place of business of the person or authority furnishing the same; and a violation of this section shall subject the offender to all the penalties, civil and criminal, provided by the foregoing sections of this act.

SEC. 5. The provisions of this act shall apply to and prevent, under all the penalties aforesaid, railroad companies or corporations under the same general management and control but having separate divisions, superintendents or master mechanics, master machinists or similar officers, for separate or different lines, their officers, agents and employees, from preventing or attempting to prevent, the employment of any such discharged person by any other separate division, or officer or agent or employer of any such separate railroad line or lines. Approved June 10, 1893.

GEORGIA.

CODE OF 1895-CIVIL CODE.

SECOND TITLE-CHAPTER 1-ARTICLE 4.-Blacklisting, etc.

SECTION 1873. If any corporation doing business in this State, or any agent or employee of such corporation, after having discharged any employee from the service of such company, shall prevent or attempt to prevent by word, writing, sign or other means, directly or indirectly, such discharged employee from obtaining employment with any other person or corporation, such person, agent, employee or corporation shall be liable in penal damages to such discharged person; but this section shall not be construed to prohibit any person or corporation from giving in writing any other person or corporation, to whom such discharged person has applied for employment, a truthful statement of the reasons for such discharge, and shall furnish to such discharged employee on his application, to such address as may be given by such discharged employee, within ten days of such application, a true copy of such written

statement.

SEC. 1874. If any corporation doing business in this State shall authorize or permit, with its knowledge and consent, any of its or their officers, agents or employees to commit any of the acts prohibited in the preceding section (except as provided), such corporation shall be liable in treble damages to such employee so prevented from obtaining employment, to be recovered in a civil action.

SEC. 1875. Any person, officer, agent, employer, or company or corporation aforesaid, after having discharged any employee from the service of any such corporation, upon written demand by such employee, shall furnish to him, within ten days from the application for the same, a full statement in writing of the cause of his discharge; and if any such person, officer, agent, employer or corporation shall refuse within ten days after demand to furnish such statement to such discharged employee, it shall be ever after unlawful for any such person or corporation to furnish any statement of the cause of such discharge to any person or corporation, or in any way to blacklist, or to prevent such discharged person from procuring employment elsewhere, subject to the penalties prescribed.

SEC. 1876. On the trial of any person for offending against the provisions of this article, any other person who may have authorized or permitted, with knowledge and consent, any such offense, or who may have participated in the same, shall be a competent witness, and be compelled to give evidence, and nothing then said by such witness shall at any time be received or given in evidence against him in any prosecution against the said witness, except on an indictment for perjury in any matter to which he may have testified. On the trial of any person for any violation of this article, the prosecution shall have the authority and process of the court trying the case to compel the production in court, to be used in evidence in the case, of the books and papers of any such person, company or corporation, and a failure to produce the same, after such reasonable notice as the court may in each case provide, shall be a contempt of court, and punishable as such as against the custodian or person, company or corporation having the control or in charge of such books and papers, who shall fail to produce the same: Provided, That said written cause of discharge, when so made as aforesaid, at the request of such discharged employee, shall never be used as the cause for an action for slander or for libel, either civil or criminal, against the person or authority furnishing the same.

SEC. 1877. Any person, company or corporation, who has received any request or

notice in writing, sign, word or otherwise, from any other person, company or corporation, preventing or attempting to prevent the employment of any person discharged from the service of either of the latter, on demand of such discharged employee, shall furnish to such employee, within ten days after such demand, a true statement of the nature of such request or notice, and if in writing, a copy of the same, and if a sign, the interpretation thereof, with the name of the person, company or corporation furnishing the same; with the place of business of the person or authority furnishing the same, and a violation of this section shall subject the offender to all the penalties, civil and criminal, provided by the foregoing sections. SEC. 1878. The provisions of this article shall apply to and prevent, under all the penalties aforesaid, railroad companies or corporations, under the same general management and control but having separate divisions, superintendents or master mechanics, master machinists or similar officers for separate or different lines, their officers, agents and employers, from preventing or attempting to prevent the employment of any such discharged person by any other separate division, or officer, or agent or employer of any such separate railroad line or lines. [Original act approved August 13, 1891.]

CODE OF 1895-PENAL CODE.

FOURTH DIVISION.

ARTICLE 14.-Prevention of persons from learning or working at trades.

SECTION 119. If any two or more persons shall associate themselves together in any society or organization, with intent and for the purpose of preventing, in any manner, any person from apprenticing himself to learn and practice any trade, craft, vocation, or calling, or for the purpose of inducing, by pursuasion, threats, fraud, or any other means, any apprentice or apprentices to any such trade, craft, vocation, or calling, to leave the employment of their employer, or for the purpose, by any means, of preventing or deterring any person from learning and practicing any such trade, craft, vocation or calling, every such person so associating himself in such society or organization shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 120. Upon the trial of any person under the preceding section, any person may be made a witness; and no statements made by him, on such trial, shall be given in evidence against him, except upon an indictment for perjury. [Original act passed at session of 1862-63.]

ARTICLE 15.-Intimidation, etc., of employers and employees.

SEC. 123. If any person or persons, by threats, violence, intimidation or other unlawful means, shall prevent or attempt to prevent any person or persons in this State from engaging in, remaining in, or performing the business, labor or duties of any lawful employment or occupation, such offender or offenders shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 124. If any person or persons, singly or together, or in combination, shall conspire to prevent or attempt to prevent any person or persons, by threats, violence or intimidation, from engaging in, remaining in, or performing the business, labor, or duties of any lawful employment or occupation, such offender or offenders shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 125. If any person or persons, singly or by conspiring together, shall hinder any person or persons who desire to labor from so doing, or hinder any person, by threats, violence or intimidation, from being employed as laborer or employee, such offender shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 126. If any person or persons, by threats, violence, intimidation or other unlawful means, shall hinder the owner, manager or proprietor for the time being from controlling, using, operating or working any property in any lawful occupation, or shall by such means hinder such person from hiring or employing laborers or employees, such offender or offenders shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. [Original act approved October 20, 1887.]

ARTICLE 17.-Protection of discharged employees

SEC. 128. If any railroad corporation or company or other corporation doing business in this State, or any agent or employer of any such company or corporation, after having discharged any employee from the service of any such company or cor