VERMONT.

STATUTES OF 1894.

CHAPTER 220.-Intimidation of employees.

SECTION 5041. A person who threatens violence or injury to another person with intent to prevent his employment in a mill, manufactory, shop, quarry, mine or railroad, shall be imprisoned not more than three months or fined not more than one hundred dollars.

SEC. 5042. A person who, by threats or intimidation, or by force, alone or in combination with others, affrights, drives away and prevents another person from accepting, undertaking or prosecuting such employment with intent to prevent the prosecution of work in such mill, shop, manufactory, mine, quarry or railroad, shall be imprisoned in the State prison not more than five years or fined not more than five hundred dollars.

[Original act approved in 1867.]

VIRGINIA.

ACTS OF 1891-92.

CHAPTER 622.-Blacklisting.

SECTION 1. No corporation, manufacturer, or manufacturing company doing business in this State, or any agent or attorney of such corporation, manufacturer or manufacturing company, after having discharged any employee from the service of such corporation, manufacturer, or manufacturing company, shall willfully and maliciously prevent or attempt to prevent, by word or writing, directly or indirectly, such discharged employee from obtaining employment with any other person or corporation. For any violation of this section the offender shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction thereof, be fined not less than one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars. But this section shall not be construed as prohibiting any corporation, manufacturer, or manufacturing company from giving in writing, on application from any other person or corporation, a truthful statement of the reason for such discharge.

Approved March 3, 1892.

WASHINGTON.

ACTS OF 1893.

CHAPTER CXXXV.-Employment, etc., of bodies of armed men unlawful.

WHEREAS, the State of Washington has provided for and maintains an efficient military and police force, ample for the protection of all her citizens in their persons and property: Therefore,

Be it enacted by the legislature of the State of Washington:

SECTION 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person, corporation or association of persons, or agents of any person, or member, agent or officer of any corporation or association of persons, to organize, maintain, or employ an armed body of men in this State for any purpose whatever; and all parties so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by fine of not less than one thousand dollars nor more than five thousand dollars, and in a like sum for each day they shall continue to offend after having been once fined, and in addition to such fine such offender, if a person, may be imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding one year, at the discretion of the court. The fines shall be paid into the general fund of the county in which the offense was committed. And all arms, uniforms, accouterments and any other property of a military character in possession of such person, member, agent, officer, corporation, or armed bodies of men shall be seized by the officer making the arrest under the provisions of this section, [and] be forfeited to the State of Washington,

[Became a law March 3, 1891.]

ACTS OF 1899.

CHAPTER XXIII.—Blacklisting.

SECTION 1. Every person in this State who shall willfully and malicionsly, send or deliver, or make or cause to be made, for the purpose of being delivered or sent or part with the possession of any paper, letter or writing, with or without name signed thereto, or signed with a fictitious name, or with any letter, mark or other designation, or publish or cause to be published any statement for the purpose of preventing any other person from obtaining employment in this State or elsewhere, and every person who shall willfully or maliciously "blacklist" or cause to be “blacklisted" any person or persons, by writing, printing or publishing, or causing the same to be done, the name, or mark, or designation representing the name of any person in any paper, pamphlet, circular or book, together with any statement concerning persons so named, or publish or cause to be published that any person is a member of any secret organization, for the purpose of preventing such person from securing employment, or who shall willfully and maliciously make or issue any statement or paper that will tend to influence or prejudice the mind of any employer against the person of such person seeking employment, or any person who shall do any of the things mentioned in this section for the purpose of causing the discharge of any person employed by any railroad or other company, corporation, individual or individuals, shall, on conviction thereof, be adjudged guilty of misdemeanor and punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than ninety days nor more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

Approved March 3, 1899.

WEST VIRGINIA.

CODE OF 1891.

APPENDIX-PAGE 991.-Intimidation of mine workers, etc.

*

SECTION 14. * * Nor shall any person or persons or combination of persons by force, threats, menace or intimidation of any kind, prevent or attempt to prevent from working in or about any mine, any person or persons who have the lawful right to work in or about the same, and who desire so to work; but this provision shall not be so construed as to prevent any two or more persons from associating themselves together under the name of Knights of Labor, or any other name they may desire, for any lawful purpose, or from using moral suasion or lawful argument, to induce any one not to work on and about any mine.

[Original act passed in 1890.]

ACTS OF 1893.

CHAPTER XLII.-Employment of nonresidents for police duty prohibited.

SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any officer in this State, to knowingly engage or employ any person not a bone [bona] fide resident of West Virginia, at the time of such employment, to do or perform police duty of any sort therein, or in any way to aid or assist in the execution of the laws of this State.

SEC. 2. It shall be unlawful for any corporation, company, firm or persons, under any circumstances, to knowingly engage or employ any person not a bona fide resident of this State, at the time of such employment, to do or perform police duty of any sort therein, or in any way to aid or assist in the execution of the laws of this

State.

SEC. 3. It shall be unlawful for any person, not a bona fide resident of this State, as aforesaid, to do or perform, or to attempt to do or perform, any sort of police duty in this State, or, in any way, to aid or assist, or attempt to aid or assist, in the execution of the laws thereof. Any officer, corporation, company, firm or person, violating any of the provisions of this, or either of the two preceding sections, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, be fined not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, and may at the discretion of the court be imprisoned in the county jail of the county in which the offense is committed not exceeding twelve months.

SEC. 4. All persons violating any of the provisions of sections two and three of this act shall be taken and deemed to be rioters, and shall be proceeded against in all respects as such, as provided in chapter one hundred and forty-eight of the Code of West Virginia. And all the provisions of sections one, two, three, four, five and six of said chapter, shall be applicable to said proceedings. If any person be killed by one or more rioters engaged with him at the time of such riot, such rioter or rioters shall be guilty of murder and punished as provided by law in other cases of murder: Provided, That nothing in this act contained shall be so construed as to interfere with the right and duty of the governor to call upon the President of the United States for aid in the enforcement of the laws, in cases provided for in the Constitution.

Approved February 25, 1893.

WISCONSIN.

STATUTES OF 1898.

CHAPTER 84a.—Antitrust act—Exception in favor of laborers.

*

SECTION 1747h. * *- Provided, That nothing therein shall be construed to affect labor unions or any other association of laborers organized for the purpose of promoting the welfare of its members, nor associations or organizations intended to legitimately promote the interests of trade, commerce or manufacturing in this State. [Original act approved April 17, 1893. ]

SEC. 4440a. Any person who shall, individually or in association with one or more others, willfully break, injure or remove any part or parts of any electric, horse or other railway car, coach or locomotive, or any other portable vehicle or traction engine, or any part or parts of any stationary engine, machine, implement or machinery for the purpose of destroying such locomotive, engine, car, coach, vehicle, implement or machinery, or of preventing the useful operation thereof, or who shall in any other way willfully or maliciously interfere with or prevent the running or operation of any locomotive, engine or machinery, shall be punished as provided in the preceding section [imprisonment in the State prison not more than three years nor less than one year, or in the county jail not more than one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars].

[Original act approved April 12, 1887.]

CHAPTER 182.-Boycotting, blacklisting, intimidation, etc.

SEC. 4466a. Any two or more persons who shall combine, associate, agree, mutually undertake or concert together for the purpose of willfully or maliciously injuring another in his reputation, trade, business or profession by any means whatever, or for the purpose of maliciously compelling another to do or perform any act against his will, or preventing or hindering another from doing or performing any lawful act shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

[Original act approved April 2, 1887.]

SEC. 4466b. Any two or more persons, whether members of a partnership or company or stockholders in a corporation, who are employers of labor, who shall combine or agree to combine for the purpose of preventing any person seeking employment from obtaining the same, or for the purpose of procuring or causing the discharge of any employee by threats, promises, circulating blacklists or causing the same to be circulated, or who shall, after having discharged any employee, prevent or attempt to prevent such employee from obtaining employment with any other person, partnership, company or corporation by the means aforesaid, or shall authorize, permit or allow any of his or their agents to blacklist any discharged employee or any employee who has voluntarily left the service of his employer, or circulate a blacklist of such employee to prevent his obtaining employment under any other employer, * * * shall be punished by fine of not more than five hundred dollars nor less than one hundred dollars, which fine shall be paid into the State treasury for the benefit of the school fund. Nothing in this section shall prohibit any employer of labor from giving any other such employer, to whom a discharged employee has applied for employment, or to any bondsman or surety, a truthful statement of the reasons for such discharge, when requested so to do by such employee, the person to whom he has applied for employment, or any bondsman or surety; but it shall be a violation of this section to give such information with the intent to blacklist, hinder

or prevent such employee from obtaining employment; neither shall anything herein contained prohibit any employer of labor from keeping for his own information and protection a record showing the habits, character and competency of his employees and the cause of the discharge or voluntary quitting of any of them.

[Original act approved April 8, 1887.]

SEC. 4466c. Any person who by threats, intimidation, force or coercion of any kind shall hinder or prevent any other person from engaging in or continuing in any lawful work or employment, either for himself or as a wage-worker, or who shall attempt to so hinder or prevent shall be punished by fine not exceeding one hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail not more than six months, or by both fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

[Original act approved April 12, 1887.]

CHAPTER 185.-Conspiracy.

SEC. 4568. Any person guilty of a criminal conspiracy at common law shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not more than one year or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars; but no agreement, except to commit a felony upon the person of another or to commit arson or burglary, shall be deemed a conspiracy or punished as such unless some act, beside such agreement, be done to effect the object thereof by one or more of the parties to such agreement. [Original act passed in 1878.]

CHAPTER 185.-Employment of unauthorized persons as peace officers prohibited.

SEC. 4575b. Any person who, for himself or as agent or officer of any firm, joint stock company or corporation, shall use or employ or aid or assist in employing any body of armed men to act as militiamen, policemen or peace officers for the protection of persons or property or for the suppression of strikes, whether such armed men be employees of detective agencies, so called, or otherwise, they not being authorized by the laws of this State to act in such capacity, shall be punished by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or by imprisonment in the State prison not less than one year nor more than three years, or by both such fine and imprisonment. [Original act appproved April 13, 1893.]

WYOMING.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE XIX.-Police powers-Importation of men for police duty prohibited.

SECTION 1. No armed police force, or detective agency, or armed body, or unarmed body of men, shall ever be brought into this State, for the suppression of domestic violence, except upon the application of the legislature, or executive, when the legislature can not be convened.

[Adopted September 30, 1889.]

ACTS OF 1890-91.

CHAPTER 10.—Importation of armed men for police duty prohibited.

SECTION 2. It shall be unlawful for any person, persons, company, copartnership, associations of persons, corporation or corporations, to bring or import into this State, any person, persons, or association or company of persons, for the purpose of discharging any of the duties devolving upon or required of any sheriff, deputy sheriff, marshal, policeman, constable, or any peace officer, in the protection, or preservation of any public or private property, in the preservation of the public peace, or in the punishment, arrest or detention of any person or persons violating or charged with violating any of the laws of this State.

SEC. 3. Any person or persons, who shall, in this State, without possessing the qualifications therefor, prescribed and required in section one of this act, or who shall without due authority, from the lawfully and properly constituted authority or authorities of or in this State, as herein, or by law is, or may be provided, exercise or attempt to exercise any of the functions, powers, duties, power or privileges incident to, required of or belonging to, any special deputy sheriff, special constable,

marshal or policeman, or any peace officer, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail for a term not less than three months nor more than nine months, or shall be fined in any sum not less than three hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, for each and every offense, or both in the discretion of the court.

SEC. 4. Any person or persons, whether acting in his or their own behalf, or as agent, officer or employee of any person, persons, association or company of persons, company, copartnership, corporation, or corporations, who shall violate any of the provisions of section two of this act, shall, upon conviction thereof, be liable to the same punishment as is prescribed and provided for persons found guilty of violating any of the provisions of section three of this act. Approved December 24, 1890.

UNITED STATES.

REVISED STATUTES OF 1878.

TITLE XLVI.—Obstructing the mail.

SECTION 3995. Any person who shall knowingly or willfully obstruct or retard the passage of the mail, or any carriage, horse, driver, or carrier carrying the same, shall, for every such offense, be punishable by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars. [Original act approved June 8, 1872.]

TITLE LXIX.-Suppression of insurrection, domestic violence, conspiracy, etc.

SEC. 5298. Whenever, by reason of unlawful obstructions, combinations, or assemblages of persons, or rebellion against the authority of the Government of the United States, it shall become impracticable, in the judgment of the President, to enforce, by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, the laws of the United States within any State or Territory, it shall be lawful for the President to call forth the militia of any or all of the States, and to employ such parts of the land and naval forces of the United States as he may deem necessary to enforce the faithful execution of the laws of the United States, or to suppress such rebellion, in whatever State or Territory thereof the laws of the United States may be forcibly opposed, or the execution thereof forcibly obstructed.

[Original act approved July 29, 1861.]

SEC. 5299. Whenever insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combinations, or conspiracies in any State so obstructs or hinders the execution of the laws thereof, and of the United States, as to deprive any portion or class of the people of such State of any of the rights, privileges, or immunities, or protection, named in the Constitution and secured by the laws for the protection of such rights, privileges, or immunities, and the constituted authorities of such State are unable to protect, or, from any cause, fail in or refuse protection of the people in such rights, such facts shall be deemed a denial by such State of the equal protection of the law.. to which they are entitled under the Constitution of the United States; and in all such cases, or whenever any such insurrection, violence, unlawful combination, or conspiracy, opposes or obstructs the laws of the United States, or the due execution thereof, or impedes or obstructs the due course of justice under the same, it shall be lawful for the President, and it shall be his duty, to take such measures, by the employment of the militia or the land and naval forces of the United States, or of either, or by other means, as he may deem necessary, for the suppression of such insurrection, domestic violence, or combinations.

[Original act approved April 20, 1871.]

TITLE LXX.-Conspiracy.

SEC. 5440. If two or more persons conspire either to commit any offense against the United States, or to defraud the United States in any manner or for any purpose, and one or more of such parties do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, all the parties to such conspiracy shall be liable to a penalty of not less than one thousand dollars and not more than ten thousand dollars, and to imprisonment not more than two years.

[Original act approved March 2, 1867.]