work or labor for any person, persons, corporation or corporations, whenever in his, her or their opinion the wages paid are insufficient, or his, her or their treatment is offensive or unjust, or whenever the continued labor or work by him, her or them would be contrary to the constitution, rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions of any club, assembly, association, organization or meeting of which he, she or they may be a member or may have attended, and as such individuals or members or as having attended any meeting it shall be lawful for him, her or them to devise and adopt ways and means to make such rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions effective, without subjecting them to indictment for conspiracy at common law or under the criminal laws of this Commonwealth: Provided, first, That this act shall not be held to apply to the member or members of any club, assembly, association, organization or meeting, the constitution, rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions of which are not in conformity with the Constitution of the United States and to the constitution of this Commonwealth: Provided, second, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment, under any law, other than that of conspiracy, of any person or persons who shall, by the use of force, threats or menace of harm to person or property, hinder or attempt to hinder any person or persons who may desire to labor or work for any employer from so doing for such wages and upon such terms and conditions as he, she or they may deem proper: And provided, third, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment of any persons conspiring to commit a felony.

[Original act approved June 16, 1891.]

RHODE ISLAND.

GENERAL LAWS OF 1896.

CHAPTER 278.-Intimidation of employees.

SECTION 8. Every person who, by himself or in concert with other persons, shall attempt by force, violence, threats or intimidation of any kind to prevent, or who shall prevent any other person from entering upon and pursuing any employment, upon such terms and conditions as he may think proper, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or be imprisoned not exceeding ninety days.

[Original act approved May 30, 1873.]

CHAPTER 279.-Obstructing conduct of business, etc.

SEC. 45. Every person who shall willfully and maliciously or mischievously injure or destroy the property of another, or obstruct the use of the property of another, or obstruct another in the prosecution of his lawful business or pursuits, in any manner, the punishment whereof is not specially provided for by statute, shall be fined not exceeding twenty dollars or be imprisoned not exceeding three months. [Original act approved in 1881.]

SOUTH CAROLINA.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE 8.-Importation of men for police duty prohibited.

SECTION 9. No armed police force or representatives of a detective agency shall ever be brought into this State for the suppression of domestic violence; nor shall any other armed or unarmed body of men be brought in for that purpose, except upon the application of the general assembly or of the executive of this State (when the general assembly is not in session), as provided in the Constitution of the United States The general assembly shall provide proper penalties for the enforcement of the provisions of this section.

[Adopted December 4, 1895.]

5. To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals, or to trade or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice or the due administration of the laws, they are guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 6427. No agreement except to commit a felony upon the person of another, or to commit arson or burglary amounts to a conspiracy, unless some act beside such agreement be done to effect the object thereof, by one or more of the parties to such agreement.

[Original act approved February 17, 1877.]

CHAPTER 58.-Intimidation of employers and employees.

SEC. 6924. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents or endeavors to prevent any hired foreman, journeyman, apprentice, workman, laborer, servant or other person employed by another, from continuing or performing his work, or from accepting any new work or employment, or to induce such hired person to relinquish his work or employment, or to return any work he has in hand before it is finished, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 6925. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents or endeavors to prevent another from employing any person, or to compel another to employ any person, or to force or induce another to alter his mode of carrying on business, or to limit or increase the number of his hired foremen, journeymen, apprentices, workmen, laborers, servants or other persons employed by him, or their rate of wages or time of service, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 6926. In all cases when two or more persons shall associate themselves together for the purpose of obtaining possession of any lode, gulch or placer claim, then in the actual possession of another, by force and violence, or by threats of violence, or by stealth, and shall proceed to carry out such purpose by making threats against the party or parties in possession, or who shall enter upon such lode or mining claim for the purpose aforesaid, or who shall enter upon or into any lode, gulch, placer claim or quartz mill or other mining property, or, not being upon such property but within hearing of the same, shall make any threats or make use of any language, sign or gesture calculated to intimidate any person or persons at work on said property from continuing work thereon or therein, or to intimidate others from engaging to work thereon or therein, every such person so offending, shall, upon conviction, be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months and not less than thirty days, and by fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars, such fine to be discharged either by payment or by confinement in such jail until such fine is discharged at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per day. On trials under this section, proof of a common purpose of two or more persons to obtain possession of property as aforesaid, or to intimidate laborers as above set forth, accompanied or followed by any of the acts above specified, by any of them, shall be sufficient evidence to convict any one committing such acts, although the parties may not be associated together at the time of committing the same. [Original act approved February 17, 1887.]

ACTS OF 1893.

CHAPTER 17.-Importation of men for police duty prohibited.

SECTION 1. No armed police force or detective agency or armed body of men other than United States troops shall ever be brought into the State for the suppression of violence, except upon the application of the legislature when in session, or the executive, when the legislature is not in session.

SEC. 2. Any violation of the provisions of this act shall be a felony.
Approved March 4, 1893.

TENNESSEE.

CODE OF 1884.

PART IV-TITLE 1.-Conspiracy.

SECTION 5588. The crime of conspiracy may be committed by any two or more persons conspiring

7. To commit any act injurious to public health, public morals, trade, or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice, or the due administration of the law.

SEC. 5584. Persons guilty of any conspiracy described in the preceding section, or of any conspiracy at common law, are guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 5585. No agreement shall be deemed a conspiracy unless some act be done to effect the object thereof, except an agreement to commit a felony on the person of another, or to commit the crimes of arson or burglary.

6. Any conspiracy by two or more persons to do an act injurious to public trade, as provided in section 5583.

[Original act approved in 1858.]

TEXAS.

REVISED STATUTES OF 1895.

CIVIL STATUTES.

TITLE XXXVA.—Employment of nonresident detectives prohibited.

ARTICLE 1701a. No person, corporation, or firm shall be permitted to employ any armed force of detectives, or other persons not residents of this State, in the Stat of Texas.

ART. 1701b. Any person, firm, or corporation employing such forces contrary ♪ the provisions of the preceding article shall be liable to pay to the State of Texas, s a penalty, not less than twenty-five nor more than one thousand dollars, to be recoered before any court of competent jurisdiction in this State; provided, that nothing herein shall be construed to deprive any person, firm, or corporation of the right of self-defense, or in defense of the property of said person, firm, or corporation by such lawful means as may be necessary to such defense. [Original act approved May 11, 1893.]

PENAL CODE.

TITLE IX.-Unlawful assembly, riots, etc.

ART. 299. An "unlawful assemby" is the meeting of three or more persons with intent to aid each other by violence or in any other manner either to commit as. offense or illegally to deprive any person of any right, or to disturb him in the enjoyment thereof.

ART. 309. If the purpose of the unlawful assembly be to prevent any person from pursuing any labor, occupation or employment, or to intimidate any perso from following his daily avocation, or to interfere in any manner with the lab or employment of another, the punishment shall be by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

ART. 314. Where the persons engaged in any unlawful assembly met at first for a lawful purpose, and afterward agreed upon an unlawful purpose, they are equally guilty of the offense defined in article 299.

ART. 315. If the persons unlawfully assembled together do or attempt to do any illegal act, all those engaged in such illegal act are guilty of riot.

ART. 324. If any person, by engaging in a riot, shall prevent any other person from pursuing any labor, occupation or employment, or intimidate any other perses from following his daily avocation, or interfere in any manner with the labor or employment of another, he shall be punished by confinement in the county jail not less than six months nor more than one year.

ART. 328. A person engaged in any riot, whereby an illegal act is committed, shall be deemed guilty of the offense of riot, according to the character and degree of such offense, whether the said illegal act was in fact perpetrated by him, or by those with whom he is participating.

ART. 329. Where the assembly was at first lawful, and the persons so assembled afterward agree to join in the commission of an act which would amount to riot, if it had been the original purpose of the meeting, all those who do not retire when the change of purpose is known are guilty of riot.

[Original act approved August 28, 1856.]

TITLE XV.-Intimidation of employees.

ART. 600. Any person who shall, by threatening words, or by acts of violence or intimidation, prevent or attempt to prevent another from engaging or remaining in or from performing the duties of any lawful employment, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five nor more than five hundred dollars, or by confinement not less than one nor more than six months in the county jail. [Original act approved March 8, 1887.]

TITLE XVII.-Intimidation of railroad employees.

ART. 806. Any person or persons who shall, by force, threats, or intimidation of any kind whatever, against any railroad engineer or engineers, or any conductor, brakeman, or other officer or employee, employed or engaged in running any passenger train, freight train, or construction train running upon any railroad in this State, prevent the moving or running of said passenger, freight, or construction train, shall be deemed guilty of an offense, and upon conviction thereof each and every person so offending shall be fined in a sum not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, and also imprisoned in the county jail for any period of time not less than three months nor more than twelve months.

SEC. 807. Each day said train or trains mentioned in section one of this act are prevented from moving on their road as specified in section one of this act, shall be deemed a separate offense, and shall be punished as prescribed in section one of this act.

[Original act approved March 30, 1887.]

ACTS OF 1899.

CHAPTER CLIII.-Protection of workingmen in the right of organization, etc. SECTION 1. From and after the passage of this act it shall be lawful for any and all persons engaged in any kind of work or labor, manual or mental, or both, to associate themselves together and form trades unions and other organizations for the purpose of protecting themselves in their personal work, personal labor, and personal service, in their respective pursuits and employments.

SEC. 2. And it shall not be held unlawful for any member or members of such trades unions or other organization or association, or any other person, to induce or attempt to induce by peaceable and lawful means, any person to accept any particular employment, or quit or relinquish any particular employment in which such person may then be engaged, or to enter any pursuit, or refuse to enter any pursuit, or quit or relinquish any pursuit in which such person may then be engaged; Provided, That such member or members shall not have the right to invade or trespass upon the premises of another without the consent of the owner thereof.

SEC. 3. But the foregoing sections shall not be held to apply to any combination or combinations, association or associations of capital, or capital and persons, natural or artificial, formed for the purpose of limiting the production or consumption of labor's products, or for any other purpose in restraint of trade; Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be held to interfere with the terms and conditions of private contract with regard to the time of service, or other stipulations between employers and employees; Provided further, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to repeal, affect or diminish the force and effect of any statute now existing on the subject of trusts, conspiracies against trade, pools and monopolies.

SEC. 4. Whereas, it is essential and desirable that this bill should go into effect at the earliest practicable moment, therefore an emergency and an imperative public necessity exists, requiring the suspension of the constitutional rule requiring bills to be read on three several days, and said rule is so suspended, and this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage, and it is so enacted,

Approved May 27, 1899.

UTAH.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE XII.-Importation of armed men for police duty prohibited.

SECTION 16. No corporation or association shall bring any armed person or bodies of men into this State for the preservation of the peace, or the suppression of domestic troubles without authority of law.

[Adopted May 8, 1895.]

ARTICLE XII.-Blacklisting.

SEC. 19. Every person in this State shall be free to obtain employment whenever possible, and any person, corporation, or agent, servant or employee thereof, maliciously interfering or hindering in any way, any person from obtaining or enjoying employment already obtained, from any other corporation or person, shall be deemed guilty of a crime. The legislature shall provide by law for the enforcement of this section.

[Adopted May 8, 1895.]

ARTICLE XVI.-Blacklisting.

SEC. 4. The exchange of blacklists by railroad companies or other corporations, associations or persons is prohibited.

[Adopted May 8, 1895.]

5. To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals, or to trade or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice or the due administration of the laws:

They are punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

SEC. 4550. No conspiracies, other than those enumerated in the preceding section are punishable criminally.

SEC. 4551. No agreement, except to commit a felony upon the person of another, or to commit arson, or burglary, amounts to a conspiracy, unless some act, besides such agreement, be done to effect the object thereof, by one or more of the parties to such agreement.

[Original act approved February 18, 1876.]

ACTS OF 1896.

CHAPTER VI.-Blacklisting.

SECTION 1. No company, corporation or individual shall blacklist or publish, or cause to be published or blacklisted any employee, mechanic, or laborer, discharged or voluntarily leaving the service of such company, corporation or individual, with intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation, company or individual.

SEC. 2. If any officer, or agent of any company, corporation, or individual, or other person, shall blacklist, or publish, or cause to be published, any employee, mechanic or laborer, discharged by such corporation, company or individual, with the intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic, or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation, company or individual, or shall in any manner conspire or contrive, by correspondence, or otherwise, to prevent such discharged employee from securing employment, he shall be deemed guilty of a felony and, upon conviction, shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars and be imprisoned in the penitentiary not less than sixty days. Approved February 3, 1896.