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NORTH DAKOTA.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE 1.-Preventing the obtainment of employment unlawful-Blacklisting.

SECTION 23. Every citizen of this State shall be free to obtain employment wherever possible, and any person, corporation or agent thereof, maliciously interfering or hindering in any way, any citizen from obtaining or enjoying employment already obtained, from any other corporation or person, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

ARTICLE 17.-Blacklisting.

SEC. 212. The exchange of "black lists" between corporations shall be prohibited. [Adopted October 1, 1889.]

REVISED CODES OF 1895-PENAL CODE.

CHAPTER 15.-Conspiracy, boycotting, etc.

SECTION 7037. If two or more persons conspire, either

1. To commit a crime; or

5. To prevent another from exercising a lawful trade or calling or doing any other lawful act, by force, threats, intimidation, or by interfering or threatening to interfere with tools, implements or property belonging to or used by another, or with the use or employment thereof; or,

6. To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals or to trade or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice, or of the due administration of the laws; each of them is guilty of a misdemeanor.

[Original act approved February 17, 1877.]

SEC. 7039. No conspiracy is punishable criminally unless it is one of those enumer ated in the last two sections, and the orderly and peaceable assembling or cooperation of persons employed in any calling, trade or handicraft for the purpose of obtaining an advance in the rate of wages or compensation, or of maintaining such rate, is not a conspiracy.

[Original act passed in 1895.]

SEC. 7041. Every person, corporation, or agent thereof, who maliciously interferes or hinders, in any way, any citizen of this State from obtaining employment or enjoying employment, already obtained from any other person or corporation, is guilty

of a misdemeanor.

[Original act passed in 1895.]

SEC. 7042. Every corporation, officer, agent or employee thereof, and every person of any corporation, on behalf of such corporation, who exchanges with or furnishes or delivers to any other corporation or any officer, agent, employee or person thereof, any "blacklist," is guilty of a misdemeanor. [Original act passed in 1895.]

CHAPTER 71.-Intimidation, etc.

SEC. 7660. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents or endeavors to prevent any hired foreman, journeyman, apprentice, workman, laborer, servant or other person employed by another, from continuing or performing his work, or from accepting any new work or employment, or to induce such hired person to relinquish his work or employment, or to return any work he has in hand before it is finished, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 7661. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents or endeavors to prevent another from employing any person, or to compel another to employ any person, or to force or induce another to alter his mode of carrying on business, or to limit or increase the number of his hired foremen, journeymen, apprentices, workmen, laborers, servants or other persons employed by him, or their rate of wages or time of service, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 7662. In all cases when two or more persons shall associate themselves together for the purpose of obtaining possession of any lode, gulch or placer claim, then in the actual possession of another, by force and violence or by threats of violence, or by stealth, and shall proceed to carry out such purpose by making threats against the party or parties in possession, or who shall enter upon such lode or mining claim for

the purpose aforesaid, or who shall enter upon or into any lode, gulch, placer claim or quartz mill or other mining property, or, not being upon such property but within hearing of the same, shall make any threats or make use of any language, sign or gesture calculated to intimidate any person or persons at work on said property from continuing work thereon or therein, or to intimidate others from engaging to work thereon or therein, every such person so offending, shall, upon conviction, be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months and not less than thirty days, and by fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars, such fine to be discharged either by payment or by confinement in such jail until such fine is discharged at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per day. On trials under this seetion, proof of a common purpose of two or more persons to obtain possession of property as aforesaid, or to intimidate laborers as above set forth, accompanied or followed by any of the acts above specified, by any of them, shall be sufficient evidence to convict any one committing such acts, although the parties may not be associated together at the time of committing the same.

[Original act approved February 17, 1877.]

OKLAHOMA.

STATUTES OF 1893.

CHAPTER XXV.-Conspiracy, intimidation, etc.

SECTION 2061. If two or more persons conspire, either:
First. To commit any crime; or

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Fifth. To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals, or to trade or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice or the due administration of the laws, they are guilty of a misdemeanor.

Src. 2063. No agreement to commit a felony or to commit a misdemeanor amounts to a conspiracy, unless some act beside such agreement be done to effect the object thereof, by one or more of the parties to such agreement.

SEC. 2544. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents or endeavors to prevent any hired foreman, journeyman, apprentice, workman, laborer, servant or other person employed by another, from continuing or performing his work, or from accepting any new work or employment, or induce such hired person to relinquish his work or employment, or to return any work he has in hand, before it is finished, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 2545. Every person who, by any use of force, threats or intimidation, prevents or endeavors to prevent another from employing any person, or to compel another to employ any person, or to force or induce another to alter his mode of carrying on business, or to limit or increase the number of his hired foremen, journeymen, apprentices, workmen, laborers, servants or other persons employed by him, or their rate of wages or time of service, is guilty of a misdemeanor. [Original act passed in 1890.]

ACTS OF 1897.

CHAPTER XIII-ARTICLE 4.-Blacklisting.

SECTION 1. No company, corporation or individual shali blacklist or require a letter of relinquishment, or publish, or cause to be published, or blacklisted, any employee, mechanic or laborer, discharged from or voluntarily leaving the service of such company, corporation or individual, with intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation, company or individual.

SEC. 2. Any person or persons, company or corporation violating this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined in any sum of not less than one hundred dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars, and any person so blacklisted shall have the right of action to recover damages.

SEC. 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and approval.

Approved March 11, 1897.

OREGON.

ANNOTATED LAWS OF 1892.

CRIMINAL CODE-TITLE II.-Intimidation, etc.

SECTION 1893. If any person shall, by force, threats or intimidation prevent, or endeavor to prevent, any person employed by another from continuing or performing his work, or from accepting any new work or employment; or if any person shall circulate any false written or printed matter, or be concerned in the circulation of any such matter, to induce others not to buy from or sell to or have dealings with any person, for the purpose or with the intent to prevent such person from employing any person, or to force or compel him to employ or discharge from his employment any one, or to alter his mode of carrying on his business, or to limit or increase the number of his employees or their rate of wages or time of service, such person shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be impris oned in the county jail not more than six nor less than one month, or by fine of not less than ten nor more than two hundred dollars.

[Original act approved February 27, 1891.]

ACTS OF 1899.

PAGE 96.-Employment, etc., of bodies of armed men by corporations, etc., unlawful. SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person, corporation or association of persons, or agents of any person, or member or agent or officer of any corporation or association of persons, to organize, maintain, or employ an armed body of men in this State for the purpose of assuming, discharging, or attempting to discharge in any city in the State of Oregon any of the duties or occupations properly belonging to the duly organized police patrol of such city.

SEC. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person, corporation or association of persons, or agent of any person, or member, agent, or officer of any corporation or association of persons, to establish or maintain in any city in the State of Oregon any armed or uniformed patrol system not under the direct control and appointed by the proper municipal departments, as provided for in the charter of such city.

SEC. 3. Any and all parties so offending or violating the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than $1,000 nor more than $5,000, and in a like sum for each day they shall continue to offend after having been once fined, and in addition to such fine, such offender, if a person, may be imprisoned in the county jail not to exceed one year at the discretion of the court. The fine shall be paid into the general fund of the county in which the offense was committed, and all arms, uniforms, accouterments and other property of a military or police character in possession of such person, member, agent, officer, corporation, or armed body of men shall be seized by the officer making the arrest under the provisions of this act and be forfeited to the State of Oregon.

Approved February 17, 1899.

PENNSYLVANIA.

BRIGHTLY'S PURDON'S DIGEST-1895.

PAGE 484.-Conspiracy-Labor combinations not unlawful.

SECTION 72. It shall be lawful for any laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen, acting either as individuals or as the member of any club, society or association, to refuse to work or labor for any person or persons, whenever, in his, her or their opinion, the wages paid are insufficient, or the treatment of such laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen, by his, her or their employer is brutal or offensive, or the continued labor by such laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen, would be contrary to the rules, regulations or by-laws of any club, society or organization to which he, she or they might belong, without subjecting any person or persons, so refusing to work or labor, to prosecution or indictment for conspiracy under the criminal laws of this Commonwealth: Provided, That this act shall not be

held to apply to the member or members of any club, society or organization, the constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations of which are not in strict conformity to the constitution of the State of Pennsylvania, and to the Constitution of the United States: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment, under existing laws, of any person or persons who shall, in any way, hinder persons who desire to labor for their employers from so doing, or other persons from being employed as laborers.

[Original act approved June 14, 1872.]

SEC. 73. It shall be lawful for employees, acting either as individuals or collectively, or as the members of any club, assembly, association or organization, to refuse to work or labor for any person, persons, corporation or corporations, whenever in his, her or their opinion the wages paid are insufficient, or his, her or their treatment is offensive or unjust, or whenever the continued labor or work by him, her or them would be contrary to the constitution, rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions of any club, assembly, association, organization or meeting of which he, she or they may be a member or may have attended, and as such individuals or members or as having attended any meeting, it shall be lawful for him, her or them to devise and adopt ways and means to make such rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions effective, without subjecting them to indictment for conspiracy at common law or under the criminal laws for this Commonwealth:

Provided, first, That this act shall not be held to apply to the member or members of any club, assembly, association, organization or meeting, the constitution, rules, regulations, by-laws, resolution or resolutions of which are not in conformity with the Constitution of the United States, and to the constitution of this Commonwealth: Provided, second, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment, under any law, other than that of conspiracy, of any person or persons who shall, by the use of force, threats or menace of harm to person or property, hinder or attempt to hinder any person or persons who may desire to labor or work for any employer from so doing for such wages and upon such terms and conditions as he, she or they may deem proper:

And provided, third, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment of any persons conspiring to commit a felony. [Original act approved June 16, 1891.]

PAGE 533.-Strikes of railroad employees.

SEC. 357. If any locomotive engineer, or other railroad employee, upon any railroad within this State, engaged in any strike, or with a view to incite others to such strike, or in furtherance of any combination or preconcerted arrangement with any other person to bring about a strike, shall abandon the locomotive engine in his charge, when attached either to a passenger or freight train, at any place other than the schedule or otherwise appointed destination of such train, or shall refuse or neglect to continue to discharge his duty, or to proceed with said train to the place of destination as aforesaid, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 358. If any locomotive engineer, or other railroad employee, within this State, for the purpose of furthering the object of, or lending aid to any strike or strikes, organized or attempted to be maintained on any other railroad, either within or without this State, shall refuse or neglect, in the course of his employment, to aid in the movement over and upon the tracks of the company employing him, [or] the cars of such other railroad company, received therefrom in the course of transit, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 359. If any person, in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike upon any railroad, shall interfere with, molest or obstruct any locomotive engineer, or other railroad employee, engaged in the discharge and performance of his duty as such, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than one hundred nor more than two hundred dollars, and may be imprisoned for a term not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court.

SEC. 360. If any person or persons, in aid or furtherance of the objects of any strike, shall obstruct any railroad track within this State, or shall injure or destroy the rolling stock or any other property of any railroad company, or shall take possession of, or remove any such property, or shall prevent or attempt to prevent the use thereof by such railroad company or its employees, every such person so offending

shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor; and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, and may be imprisoned not less than six months nor more than one year, at the discretion of the

court.

[Original act approved March 22, 1877.]

PAGE 1697.-Peace officers-Citizens only eligible.

SEC. 14. No sheriff of a county, mayor of a city, or other person authorized by law to appoint special deputies, marshals or policemen in this Commonwealth to preserve the public peace and prevent or quell public disturbances, and no individuals, association, company or incorporation incorporated under the laws of this State or of any other State of the United States, and doing business in this State, shall hereafter appoint or employ such special deputy, marshal or policeman, any person who shall not be a citizen of this Commonwealth.

SEC. 15. Any person who shall in this Commonwealth without due authority pretend or hold himself out to any one as a deputy sheriff, marshal, policeman, constable or peace officer,. shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 16. Any person or persons, company or association, or any person in the employ of such company or association, violating any of the provisions of this act, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars or undergo an imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both, or either, at the discretion of the court: Provided, That if any company or association be convicted under this act it shall be sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars: Provided further, That the provisions of this act shall not be construed as applying to policemen, constables or specials appointed by municipalities for municipal purposes. [Original act approved May 29, 1893.]

PAGE 2017.-Strikes not conspiracies.

SEC. 1. It shall be lawful for any and all classes of mechanics, journeymen, tradesmen and laborers to form societies and associations for their mutual aid, benefit and protection, and peaceably to meet, discuss and establish all necessary by-laws, rules and regulations to carry out the same; * * Provided, The provisions of this

*

act shall not apply to the counties of Clearfield and Center. [Original act approved May 8, 1869.] SEC. 2. It shall be lawful for any laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen, acting either as individuals or as the member of any club, society or association, to refuse to work or labor for any person or persons, whenever, in his, her or their opinion, the wages paid are insufficient, or the treatment of such laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen, by his, her or their employer is brutal or offensive, or the continued labor by such laborer or laborers, workingman or workingmen, journeyman or journeymen, would be contrary to the rules, regulations or by-laws of any club, society or organization to which he, she or they might belong, without subjecting any person or persons so refusing to work or labor, to prosecution or indictment for conspiracy, under the criminal laws of this Commonwealth: Provided, That this act shall not be held to apply to the member or members of any club, society or organization, the constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations of which, are not in strict conformity to the constitution of the State of Pennsylvania and to the Constitution of the United States: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the prosecution and punishment, under existing law, of any person or persons who shall, in any way, hinder persons who desire to labor for their employers from so doing, or other persons from being employed as laborers.

[Original act approved June 14, 1872.] SEC. 3. The second proviso in * * * section [2 above] * * * shall be so construed that the use of lawful or peaceful means, having for their object a lawful purpose, shall not be regarded as "in any way hindering" persons who desire to labor; and that the use of force, threat or menace of harm to persons or property, shall alone be regarded as in any way hindering persons who desire to labor for their employers from so doing, or other persons from being employed as laborers. [Original act approved April 20, 1876.]

PAGE 2019.-Strikes not conspiracies.

SEC. 11. It shall be lawful for employees, acting either as individuals or collectively, or as the members of any club, assembly, association or organization, to refuse to

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