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A SAYING OF LIONARDO'S (cliii. 480). bottle with perforated top, for sand

-Lionardo may have said this, but he certainly did not originate the saying, which was already many hundred years old. Xenophon, 'Memorabilia,' II. i. 20, puts in Socrates's mouth the trochaic line of Epicharmus (5th century в.с.),

equivalent.

A. STEPHENS DYER.

207, Kingston Road, Teddington, Middx.

or

[Several correspondents have kindly referred us back to exlvi, 399, 422, 437, 477; cxlvii. 36, for information on blotting-paper. The third reference is the fullest.]

HOSPITALITY

IN

POETRY AND STORY (cliii. 479). Thomas Bailey Aldrich (1836-1907), poet and prose-writer,

Τῶν πόνων πωλοῦσιν ἡμῖν πάντα τἀγάθ' οἱ θεοί and the oft-quoted line from Hesiod, 'Works and Days, 288, is at least a parallel. But Epicharmus's line expresses precisely the sentiment attributed to Lionardo, save that of the United States, wrote a poem on 'Hosthe Greek has "all good things," not "all things," and that the gods are plural. Otto, Sprichwörter der Römer,' quotes the German In Gottes Kram ist alles um arbeit feil," At God's shop you can buy everything

for work.

EDWARD BENSLY.

in

A.

BLOTTING-PAPER AND INKSTANDS
(cliii. 459).
Blotting paper is men-
tioned, as such, in Horman's 'Vulgaria,' in
1519, but sand is still used
offices
(especially booking offices) on the continent
(especially in Italy) at the present day.
bought a nice little porcelain sand-castor in
Italy last spring.

EDWARD HERON-ALLEN.

،،

I

At the age of 67 early childhood's recollections call back to vivid remembrance the butcher who stooped to his sawdusted floor to sprinkle the ink-wet receipt for money taken in payment of his weekly account by my mother, and of watching the elapse of the few seconds to allow of absorption," and then the puff of breath to clear, or even the hand passed over, leaving a smear after all; a like process took place at the poulterer's, where the flour sprinkler or puff (used for basting the plucked poultry before sending home) answered to exactly the same operation.

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At this time blotting paper was obviously not in use in the shop "counting-house" of that day trader.

WILLIAM R. POWER.

Reference to 'N. E. D.' and the 'Encyclopædia Britannica' show that while blotting paper was known in the fifteenth century, it was in fairly common use by the middle of the eighteenth century.

ARCHIBALD SPARKE.

I have a desk which belonged to my greatgrandmother, having a label affixed-"R. Ackermann, Dec. 1, 1803." It still has the

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EDWARD HERON-ALLEN.

WOLFE'S FUNERAL OF SIR JOHN MOORE': FRENCH VERSION WANTED (cliii. 404, 445). - May I correct a slip in my reply at p. 446? The 'Mémoire de Lally-Tollendal,' published in 1690, is a political pamphlet, written by the younger Lally, and has nothing to do with his father's campaign in India. The elder Lally published no Mémoires,' and his official reports to the French Government were never made public. See Preface to 'La fin d'un empire français aux Indes: Lally-Tollendal d'après des documents inédits, by Tibulle Hamont (Paris, 1887).

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The Library.

England and America, Rivals in the American Revolution. By Claude H. van Tyne. (Cambridge University Press. 6s. net).

THESE are

the 1927 lectures delivered on the Sir George Watson foundaton for American History, Literature and Institutions. Mr. Van Tyne, who is head of the Department of History in the University of Michigan, tells us in his Preface that there is a vastly greater number of Americans listening with interest to what English lecturers are saying about British history and imperial problems than there are Englishmen who care to try and understand the historical past and national problems of America. This is a book which may be recommended to Englishmen as a useful beginning. It deals in turn with the commercial rivalry between England and America: with the position of the Anglican Church and the Dissenters in the Revolution; with the rival Lawyers; and Soldiers; and Diplomats. The introductory lecture is a spirited vindication of the importance of truth in history as against propaganda, pointed by recounting some of the correction of current notions about the American Revolution which has comparatively recently been achieved by trained and historical scholars whose impartial investigation has established the loyalist as at any rate a person with some natural and reasonable argument on his side.

The Ottoman Empire and its Successors, 18011927, by William Miller. (Cambridge University Press. 16s. net).

THIS is

a

third edition of the work first produced in 1913; produced again with additions in 1923, and now brought up to 1927, as the author says, largely in the work of an

eye-witness since he has been living in Athens

for the past four years. The summary in Chapt. xxii. of the history of the Greek, Turkish and Albanian republics from 1923 to 1927, sets out skilfully and authoritatively, with a wonderful amount of detail in short space, a complicated situation which has not as yet taken on any character of solid finality, and Mr. Miller closes with reasonable warning against an unjust severity towards "these races of the Balkan peninsula [who] have stepped straight out of the middle ages," and with wonder that they have achieved what they have in comparatively so short a time. As he says, it will be a happy day when for the Balkan peoples their past history counts less than their future

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net). R.

to the Selections Leslie

introduction stands very well beside these. Apart from his positive excellences De Quincey reveals to us, better we think than any of his contemporaries, not only the differences in ideals and methods between the writers of his day and our own, but also the often noticed difference between the public he had to appeal to and the modern public. 'The English Mailcoach' in the long-drawn 'Vision of Sudden Death' is the most striking example of this. Milton Papers. By David H. Stevens, (University of Chicago Press. 10s. net).

THE first of these papers

THI

discusses certain

Real Estate Transactions of John Milton and his father, recorded in the Close Rolls for 1619 to 1629. These are interesting as illustrating the solid prosperity of the family, and as suggesting possibility of their having had a house outside the walls of London within this period. The second sets out particulars of Milton's father-in-law Richard Powell and his circumstances, with details of the family after his decease-in elucidation, of course, of the

an

business of Mary Powell's dowry and Milton's will cutting off her children from share in his estate. On Comus' we have discussions of the Bridgewater MS. and of the various stage versions. The last paper is about Edward King's will; and in an Appendix is given the text of four of the deeds with which the first paper is concerned. The writer, in attempt, we suppose, at style, sometimes expresses himself oddly, as when he says Milton studied at Horton "until his mother's death in 1637 forced the entry in the parish register" of her burial on April 6. Round Carlisle Cross. By James Walter Brown. (Carlisle: Charles Thurnam and Sons. 2s. 6d. net).

a

fine substantial

some remarkable

among

THE seventh series of these "old stories retold" in the columns of the Cumberland News treats at some length of the siege of Carlisle in 1644-5; discusses crimes and trials and has also something to say on the subject of dialect-these several other topics. Perhaps the item which interested us most was a homely but effective rendering into the Cumberland dialect of that chapter of St. Luke which contains the parable of the Prodigal Son. For "was lost and is found" agean." The elder brother is made to use a disparaging word which is not in the text. The father's answer here reads, we think, more persuasively than in

we have was lost an's kessen up

our versions.

"this nowt-at-dowe”

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.

APPROVED Queries' are inserted free of charge. Contributors are requested always to gives their names and addresses, for the information of the Editor, and not necessarily for publication.

Ridley prefixes M Stephen's essay on De Quincey from 'Hours in a Library,' and Francis Thompson's -rather slight-appreciation of him. His own Printed and Published by The Bucks Free Wycombe, in the County of Bucks.

Press, Ltd., at their Offices, High Street,

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(1880-1885), SEVENTH SERIES (1885-1891), EIGHTH SERIES (18921897), NINTH SERIES (1898-1903), TENTH SERIES (1904-1909), in paper covers. Price 18/ each; postage, 6d.

SIXTH SERIES

CONTENTS. No. 3.

MEMORABILIA: -37.

NOTES: Unpublished Letters of Warren Hastings, 39 Provincial Booksellers and Printers-A XVII MS. List of Tokens, 41-Teasdale and his wives, 43 Changing LondonPets, 44.

QUERIES:-Roger Wade and Warren de L'Isle, 44 -Letters of Junius: Grenville Archives-Baskerville of Crowsley Park, Oxon--Currant jelly, c. 1800-" Member of the Imperial Parliament," 1802-" Salterns," Portsea Island-Sir Thomas Kibblewhite and the Kibblewhites of South Fawley, Berks-Isabel and Elizabeth-Cumberland Incumbents-Capt. Huddleston, 46th Regt., 45-Butter rents-Cheese spitter-E. Angell Roberts, artist-Dr. Paulus Piper-Joseph Entwistle, 46.

REPLIES:-Parochial Libraries, 46-Charles I and the Banqueting House, Whitehall, 47-Burial of Charles I-Rising of the Lights, 49-Banking items-John Stilwell, 50-Beadles in London Squares-Pillion riding-"King" Allen-Mineral oil in ancient writings, 51-Bishop of Lohengrin Bishop Lönegren-Joseph Charles HorsleyKidnapped, 1818-Sexton's Wheels-Warren Lisle -Rate-books of country parishes, 52-Merchants' marks Songs about soldiers-Author wanted, 53.

THE LIBRARY:- Old Scotch Songs and Poems' - Three Oxford Ironies' XVIIth Century Lyrics.'

Booksellers' Catalogues.

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No. of Inserts.

Rates per line.

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BINDING CASES FOR VOLUME CLIII.

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PUBLISHER'S BINDING CASES for VOL. CLIII. (July-December, 1927) are now on sale, and should be ordered from NOTES AND QUERIES," 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks, England, direct or through local bookbinders. The Cases are also on sale at our London office, 22, Essex Street, Strand, W.C.2.

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NOTES AND QUERIES is published every

Friday, 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks (Telephone: Wycombe 306). Subscriptions (£2 2s. a year, U.S.A. $10.50, including postage, two half-yearly indexes and two cloth binding cases, or £1 15s. 4d. a year, U.S.A. $9, without binding cases) should be sent to the Manager. The London Office is at 22, Essex Street, W.C.2 (Telephone: Central 0396), where the current issue is on sale. Orders for back numbers, indexes and bound volumes should

sent either to London or to Wycombe; letters

for the Editor to the London Office.

Memorabilia.

IN the Journal of the Ministry of Agriculture, Mr. J. R. Bond, reviewing 1927 tells us that its crop-yields have proved to be not very different from the 10-year averages-a better result than was at one time expected. Corn yields, in fact, are actually above the average. Quality, however, leaves much to be desired; profit has been curtailed by the expense of additional labour in harvesting, and the wet land has deteriorated both in cleanliness and in physical condition. It seems that deterioration of grassland where drainage is defective is occasioning many inquiries to be made concerning the practicability of mole draining. An interesting topic touched on by Mr. Bond is the increased use of tractors which he has observed, in a recent visit, in certain arable districts of Germany. These are taking the place of steam tackle. Still, an English arable farmer, who accompanied Mr. Bond, expressed the conviction that the steam tackle engine had possibilities which have not been sufficiently worked out; and that the requisite power could be concentrated in an engine of less than half the weight of the ordinary ploughing unit, and would, with adoption of the latest principles of boiler construction and engine design, furnish all that the farmer wanted whether for cable ploughing or for direct haulage work. In Germany they are showing preference for the caterpillar type of tractor, having overcome the difficulty of the expensive repairing or renewing of the track.

The most interesting notes on foreign agriculture are, however, those supplied by Mr. H. V. Taylor on the fruit and vegetable

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lucerne, wheat, and mangolds in which goats and oxen were grazing tethered. Tethering is necessary, because here are no hedges or fences and a stranger cannot discern where lie the boundaries of the respective farms. Southward again, about Avignon, there is the interesting system of irrigation, in some places conducted by water companies, but in others contrived and worked by the peasant himself. Here the north wind is so strong that plants often have to be provided with shelter, which takes the form now of long single rows of cypress trees, now of hedges of tall canes, which, for melons or tomatoes or aubergines, are raised to a height of 9ft. Thus the vegetable farms are split up by windbreaks into very tiny fields. The growers, owning the land they till-mostly through inheritance and being thus free from rent and charges, and providing the needful labour from within their family enjoy happy lot, carrying on the business of cultivation and marketing very much as their fathers did before them.

a

THE January number of the Antiquaries' Journal sets off with Mr. C. Leonard Woolley's lavishly illustrated account of the Excavations at Ur during 1926-7, being the second portion of his report; the first portion appeared at p. 385 of vol. vii. His conclusions, as most of our readers probably know, point to a state of Sumerian civilization in 3500 в.С. which implies a long antecedent period of ever higher development, and, while it contrasts with the contemporary barbarism of Egypt, throws the origin of the arts centuries deeper into pre-history than we have been wont to place it, as well as removing it from the Nile Valley. A very interesting paper, lavishly illustrated also, is that by Mr. W. L. Hildburgh, entitled 'Some unusual Medieval English Alabaster Carvings.' most beautiful-to judge by the photograph-

The

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