the same pistol was seen again in its proper place. The prisoner did not attempt to deny that he was in the neighbourhood of the plantation, as deposed by the witnesses for the prosecution, but accounted for the possession of the money by saying that he had found it in the road, and insisted that no one had ever seen him kill the man.

The jury, without any hesitation, returned a verdict of "Guilty."

He was sentenced to death, and executed on the 16th instant, having confessed his guilt.

29. GOODWOOD RACES. This fashionable meeting went off to the great satisfaction of a very numerous and fashionable company -the weather was fine, excepting a tremendous squall of rain at the close of Wednesday's racing, which rendered the retreat from the course "most disastrous." The Craven Stakes were won by Sir R. Pigot's "Runnymede;" the Gratwicke Stakes by Lord Enfield's 'Hernandez; the Goodwood Stakes by Colonel Anson's "Backbiter;" the Goodwood Cup by Mr. Martinson's" Nancy;" the Chesterfield Cup by Mr. Merry's "Miss Ann."

you have been severally convicted of the manslaughter of your nephew, a young boy. The circumstances under which this unfortunate event took place it would be useless for me to detail, for warning or instruction to you; but, for public example, and in hopes of preventing a recurrence of it, I must refer to the particulars of this truly tragic scene. The poor boy whose death you caused was between 12 and 13 years of age. His mother

at one time held a little dwelling, from which she was expelled. His father was dead. His mother had left him, and he was alone and unprotected. He found refuge with his grandmother, who held a farm, from which she was removed in consequence of her harbouring this poor boy, as the agent on the property had given public notice to the tenantry that expulsion from their farms would be the penalty inflicted on them if they harboured any persons having no residence on the estate. This boy was then left without a house to shelter him or a friend to assist him. He was an unhappy outcast, possessing a bad character, it is true, but that character was probably the result of his abandonment, and his being left without a friend to protect him. He went to the house of a man named Coffee, whose wife humanely gave him a little food, but she was afraid to shelter him in her house, as the agent had given orders that distress for 12 months' rent would be made on any tenant who should harbour persons not resident on the estate, and that they would also be expelled from their farms. He is turned adrift on the world friendless and unprotected. He came to Casey's house, where you, his uncle and aunt, resided. He

applied for relief, as he was in a state of destitution. Casey, with whom you lodged, desired you to turn him from the house, as he was afraid that the orders of the agent would be enforced against him. It was in consequence of this that the Crown did not press the charge of wilful murder against you, and only sought for a conviction for manslaughter. The Crown exercised a wise discretion in so doing; as, however unjustifiable your conduct, you committed the offence, not with a desire to inflict death, but influenced by fear that Casey would be expelled from his holding. The poor child is turned out of doors, and the next proof was, that you, Judith, took a pike-handle and beat him violently with it, while lying on the ground. You, Michael Donoghue, then bound him with cords behind his back, and beat him violently with a rod thick enough to wound him severely, though, perhaps, not to kill him. You then got another instrument and beat him violently, he still lying on the ground. He implored of you to spare him, and he promised to quit the place. He raised himself from the ground, and, bound as he was, went tottering along from house to house; but there was no refuge for the wretched outcast. (Here the learned Judge was much affected.) As a last resource he turned his steps to Coffee's house, but some of the neighbours threatened to tell the agent if Coffee harboured him. Coffee had, however, the humanity to take him to Casey's house, where you resided.

He

fell twice on the way from weakness, and the result of the injuries you inflicted on him.

He is supported to the house, and a scene

ensued which I find difficult to describe. The door was opened by you, Judith, and a struggle ensues. Coffee and another man endeavoured to force the boy inyou keeping him out. He bleeds profusely, the threshold is smeared with his blood. You succeed in keeping him out, and he, unable to walk, rolls himself along the ground till he gets to the wall, where he remains. Night passes over him, and on the following morning he is found by the neighbours, cold, stiff, and dead. On that testimony alone the jury would have been warranted in finding you guilty; but the doctor's testimony has left the case without any doubt.

The doctor tells you

the body of the boy was a mass of contusions and bruises. He made a post mortem examination of the stomach, and it appeared as if he had had no food for about 24 hours previously. He was halfstarved, bound with cords, beaten, exposed to the cold chilling blast, and from those causes his death arose. Such conduct was brutal on your part. I do not think, however, that you inflicted the injuries with an intention to cause death; it was through fear that the threat would be carried out against Casey. Casey acted under the influence of the threats of those in authority; but such is no justification for the offence."

The learned Chief Baron, after pointing out the violation of God's law involved in such barbarity, sentenced the prisoners to two years' imprisonment, with hard labour in the case of Michael Donoghue.

ELECTIONS TO PARLIAMENT.The seat for Knaresborough, vacant by the death of the Hon. Wm. S. Lascelles, has been filled up

by the election of Mr. Collins, by a small majority over Mr. A. Lawson; the former a moderate Conservative, the latter a Protectionist. Mr. E. Strutt was returned for Arundel, vacant by the resignation of the Earl of Arundel and Surrey. At Scarborough Mr. G. F. Young, the strenuous advocate of the agricultural interest, by a majority of 33 over the Whig, Lord Mulgrave. Mr. Alderman Salomons was returned for Greenwich, in the room of Mr. Bernard, deceased.

LONDON STREET TRAFFIC. The immensity of the volume of traffic which pours its ceaseless tide through the principal London thoroughfares, has long been the subject of marvel. The real statistics of the subject have probably

not been officially collected until the present year. The report of Mr. Haywood, Surveyor of the City Sewer Commission, records these marvels in the precise language of arithmetic. It reports the number of vehicles of all descriptions (including saddle-horses) which passed per hour for 12 hours, viz. from 8 A.M. to 8 P.M., through certain streets within the city of London. The number of streets included in the return is 24; and the days on which the passage through each was noted are 24 consecutive week-days from the 8th July, 1850. The nine streets included in the following table are the principal entrances into London, and will serve to give a striking idea of the immensity of the transit.

465

336 385 416

570

Total of 24 situations

These figures having been obtained for the purpose of calculating the effect of attrition and vibration on the road-paving and

9757

sewer-work, contain no estimate of the numbers of foot-passengers, or of the passengers on horseback and in carriages. It must

be enormous. The carriage traffic of the twelve hours of the night would probably equal the total daily traffic of the largest continental cities-especially when it is considered that the whole influx of the carts which bring into the city its daily supply of meat, vegetables, hay, straw, and other articles of consumption, occurs, and the vehicles have for the most part returned, long before the hour when this account begins.

AUGUST.

2. MURDER BY POISONING.Ipswich.-Maria Gage, 50, of short stature, and rather sullen appearance, was arraigned for the wilful murder of her husband, James Gage, by administering to him a certain quantity of arsenic.

This murder appears to have resulted from the same disregard of all morality which disgraced the parties in the case recently tried at Nottingham. The deceased Gage was an agricultural labourer, and, at the time of his death, lived with his wife at Stonham Aspal, a small village a few miles from Ipswich. They had a family of seventeen children, but one of them, now a lad of twenty years of age, was not the result of marriage. The deceased was imprisoned for twelve months for some offence, and during his incarceration the prisoner cohabited with another man, and the result was the birth of the boy. however, was brought up with the other children, no difference being made. Her unfaithfulness did not end there, for during the last eighteen months she left her home more than three times, and ran away with her paramour. Her husband happened to meet her in the streets with her companion,

He,

and assaulted her, for which he was punished. Altogether the parties led a very dissolute and depraved life, and, as a natural consequence, the quarrels between the woman and her husband were frequent and violent. On one occasion she left home with a paramour, accompanied by her daughter, sixteen years of age, and a man by whom the girl had been debauched, and with whom she cohabited.

About three weeks before the deceased died he was taken suddenly ill while working in the fields. He went home; had the violent vomiting and burning of the stomach attending the administration of arsenic; and after suffering excruciating tortures for a fortnight, he died. Preparations for burying him were made in great haste; and although from previous circumstances suspicions of poisoning were very strong, no one interfered; and in fact the funeral procession was in the very act of leaving the cottage for the parish churchyard, and the bell was tolling, when the clergyman, in consequence of rumours which reached him respecting the character of the deceased's death, caused the body to be taken back for further inquiry. An inquest was called, and according to the testimony of Mr. Image, an eminent chemist of Bury, it was clear that the unfortunate man had died from the effects of arsenic. It then transpired that the prisoner had on more than one occasion procured that description of poison. The deceased died on the night of the 22nd March. While he was ill, and a few days before his demise, the prisoner called upon a Mrs. Lambert, a widow, at Debenham, and stated that her husband

was very ill. After staying with her about an hour, Mrs. Lambert accompanied her on her way home, when she asked the widow to fetch her a pennyworth of stuff for the rats and mice, for her daughter. Mrs. Lambert at first declined, desiring her to go herself. She eventually yielded. The prisoner gave her a penny, and she went to Mr. Smith, a chemist, of Debenham, got the stuff, and gave it to the prisoner. Mr. Smith stated that the stuff consisted of a compound of linseed and arsenic, sufficient to poison six men.

The daughter was examined, and deposed that she never ordered her mother to procure the stuff for her.

Considerable evidence was gone into as to the deceased's state, and it was shown that she had wished that God would take him. In one instance, when she was spoken to as to what would become of her if she lost her husband, she remarked that it would matter little, as she had t'other man near. The cottage in which the deceased lived belonged to him. A strong and conclusive chain of facts was given, although it did not appear quite satisfactory as to how the poison was administered, but the inference was that it was mixed in his food.

The prisoner was found "Guilty" and executed on the 19th instant. It is very much feared that this was not the only murder perpetrated by this wretched woman. About six years ago five of her children died within the space of a fortnight. Suspicions were raised; one of the bodies was exhumed; but no analysis of the stomach was made, and the jury returned a verdict of Natural death."

THE JUDGES' SALARIES.-By a statute passed last session (14th

and 15th of Victoria, chap. 41) the salaries of the Chief Justices of the Queen's Bench and Common Pleas are regulated. Under the 2nd and 3rd of William IV., chap. 116, the salary of the former was 10,000l., and of the latter 8000l. a year. From the death of Lord Tenterden, the chief of the Queen's Bench has accepted 80007. a year, and the chief of the other Court has been paid 7000l. for some time. The salaries are now declared to be to the Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench, 80001., and to the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, 7000l. a year.

The salaries of the Judges of the Equity Courts have also been settled by the 14th and 15th Vict. c. 83.

The Lord Chancellor is in future to receive 10,000l. per annum; the Master of the Rolls 6000l.; the Lords Justices 6000l. each. The Vice-Chancellors receive 50007. each.

THE PENSIONS ON THE CIVIL LIST.-By a Parliamentary Return it appears that pensions on the Civil List have, during the present year, been granted to the following persons: To John Payne Collier, for literary merits, 100l.; Hon. Dulcibella Maria Eden, and Hon. Caroline Courtenay Boyle, for services to the Queen Dowager, 100l. each; Mary Maclear, for the discoveries of her husband, Astronomer Royal at the Cape of Good Hope, 100l.; James Baily, literary merits, 100l.; Dr. Kitto, biblical literature, 100l.; George Petrie, archæological literature, especially of Ireland, in addition to former pension of the same amount, 100%.; Harriott Waghorn, widow of Lieutenant Waghorn, in addition to pension of 40l., 60l.; John Poole, literary merits, 1007.; Christina Liston,