first preceptor, by whom he had eight children. He survived all these, as well as all his medical contemporaries of the State Faculty. His first wife dying, he married in 1845 Miss Merryman, a lady of fortune, who survived him a number of years. Dr. Alexander enjoyed in a very marked degree the confidence and respect of the people of Baltimore. He was a remarkably handsome man, and distinguished for his courtly and elegant manners. He was a true type of the old school physician and gentleman. He died of pneumonia in the eighty-third year of his age. Dr. Alexander was one of the first members of the American Medical Association, his name appearing in the list of 1848.

JOHN NORRIS, M.D.

BANCROFT, AMOS BIGELOW, M.D., was born in Groton, Mass., April 3, 1811; and died, after a week's illness of pneumonia, in Florence, Italy, Nov. 8, 1879. His remains were embalmed, brought to this country, and interred in the cemetery of his native town, where a plain stone sarcophagus marks his final resting place and that of his only son, who died in Boston, March 7, 1879.

Dr. Bancroft was the youngest son of an old and highly respected family. His father, Dr. Amos Bancroft, was one of the leading physicians of Middlesex County, and his mother, Sarah Bass, was a lineal descendant of Henry Bass, Major Thomas Savage, and Ann Hutchinson, families of prominence in Revolutionary and Colonial times. Dr. Bancroft was fitted for college at Lawrence Academy in Groton and by private tutors, among whom was Prof. Benj. Peirce, and entered Harvard University (where his father had graduated before him) at the age of sixteen, and graduated in 1831. After leaving college he studied medicine with the late Dr. Geo. E. Shattuck, and in 1833 began practice in Groton, where he remained until 1859, when he removed to Charlestown and associated himself with Dr. Jonathan Bemis. Besides his general practice he held the office of Surgeon of the Massachusetts State Prison for more than ten years. In 1869 he was appointed Superintendent and Surgeon-in-charge of the United States Marine Hospital at Chelsea, which position he held for eight years. After his resignation, in 1877, he moved to Boston, where he resided until his departure for an extended tour in Europe in May, 1879.

Dr. Bancroft was a man of fine physique, a handsome, noble face and fine presence; he had great dignity, yet his manner was kind and affectionate to all. "A gentleman of the old school,” his friends have often said of him.

The Hon. Geo. S. Boutwell has offered the following tribute to his memory: "My acquaintance with Dr. Bancroft began in March, 1835. This acquaintance soon ripened into a warm friendship, which continued without change until his death. For several years, between 1835 and 1840, he was my tutor in Latin, my guide in the selection of books for reading and study, and my careful and generous critic in style and belles-lettres, inquiries, and efforts. He was well educated in academic learning and in his profession. His love for good learning was enthusiastic, and his admiration for learned men was akin to reverence. In the practice of his profession he treated his patients as though they were members of his family, never failing in kind words. and generous sympathies. To his friends he gave his confidence without measure, and he expected a like return from them. His sense of honor was keen, and in his profession, as in his general conduct, he was careful to observe every, even its least requirement. With aristocratic tastes and fastidious ideas of life, he was thoroughly democratic in opinion, and he was always the unswerving advocate of human equality. The death of Dr. Bancroft was a serious loss to his profession and an irreparable calamity to his family and friends."

Dr. Bancroft was greatly beloved by his numerous patients in and out of the hospital, and many a letter did he receive from persons in distant parts of the country (who had been patients under his care at the Marine Hospital) thanking him for his kindness to them, and for the comfort he had given them during their illness in the hospital. He was a diligent and conscientious student, and kept himself familiar with the general topies and literature of the day. He had a great antipathy to quackery of every kind, but especially in medicine. In politics he was a staunch Republican, but from his reserved and sensitive nature never was willing to appear prominently in any party convention. He was a devout Christian and a constant attendant at the Unitarian Church wherever he resided. He was a member of the North Middlesex District Medical Society; a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and also a

member of the American Medical Association, and attended its meetings in 1849 and 1865.

He married Marietta Shipley, a great-granddaughter of Rev. Joseph Emerson, of Pepperell. His widow and two daughters survive him and reside in Boston.

L. F. WARNER, M.D.

BUDLONG, CALEB, M.D., of Frankfort, Herkimer County, N. Y., died at his residence Nov. 3, 1865, aged 74 years. He graduated in medicine at Fairfield in 1817. Shortly after he settled in Fairfield, and was indeed the pioneer physician of that place. The doctor was possessed of talent and amiable and eminently humane traits of character. IIis habits were good, and his attention to the duties of his profession all that could have been expected. He was a member of the Herkimer County Medical Society, and was a delegate to the American Medical Association in 1853, and again in 1854. After this he attended no more. He was, however, a practitioner of ability and character, and his memory deserves a record for his devotion to duty and his many virtues. (Data in letter from Dr. W. Smith.)

J. M. T.

CHAPIN, ALONZo, M.D., was born in West Springfield, Mass., Feb. 24, 105, and died in Winchester, Mass., Dec. 25, 1876. He was the son of Moses A. and Lucina Chapin, and graduated from Amherst College in 1826, and from the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, February, 1831. His thesis was on the non-contagiousness of typhus. During the same year, he received an appointment from the American Board of Foreign Missions as missionary physician, and accordingly, in the autumn following, together with his wife, whom he had married in Boston the month before, sailed for the Sandwich Islands, the field designated for their future work. For three and a half years he continued in this service, which was to him one of great enjoyment, and then, on account of serious illness of his wife, contracted on the way to the islands, he was obliged to return to his native country, which he reached in May, 1836. He made several changes for various reasons during the early years of his profession, but in the year 1850 settled himself permanently in Winchester, where he practised and discharged the duties of his calling until his death. As a man Dr. Chapin was

social, genial, honorable to the last degree, rigid in the performance of duty. As a physician he was faithful, conscientious, prompt, skilful, and, as testified by his brethren in the profession, exceedingly well read, and of excellent judgment. As a citizen he was always alive and active in the interests of the town, being especially so in the department of schools, serving on the school committee for many years, and, indeed, dying in the harness. He entered into this work with great zeal and fidelity, enjoying it much, and executing it faithfully. He served the town in many other ways, interesting himself greatly in the public library. Dr. Chapin became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in the year 1837, and of the American Medical Association in 1860, and clung to them and their principles with strong fidelity. He hated quackery in all its forms, and every species of medical irregularity annoyed him exceedingly. He was very exact in all forms of medical etiquette, which the profession so well understand and appreciate in one another. His death was most sudden and unexpected. Seated in church on the Sabbath morning of Dec. 17, 1876, which was unusually cold, he became unconscious, was taken to his home, and after fluctuating between deep sleep and half consciousness for a few days he breathed his last on Christmas-day of 1876. The post-mortem examination revealed an extreme congestive state of the brain.

L. F. WARNER, M.D.

COWLING, RICHARD OSWALD, A.M., M.D., was born near Georgetown, S. C., April 9, 1839; died at his residence, Louisville, Ky., April 2, 1881. He was the son of Mr. John V. Cowling, who came to Louisville in the year 18-, where his son received such educational training as the public schools of the city afforded. He graduated as a Bachelor of Arts at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., in 1861, and received the degree of A.M. in the same institution in 1865. Immediately after Dr. Cowling graduated as a Bachelor of Arts he undertook the profession of civil engineer, and was engaged in railroad engineering in the West. He afterwards studied law in New York, at Columbia College, and was licensed to practice, but the charms of the school-room were irresistible, and Cowling went to Philadelphia, where he entered Jefferson Medical College, and graduated as Doctor of Medicine at the close of the session of 1866-67. He at once pro

ceeded to his old home in Louisville, where he began the practice of medicine, and in Sept. 1867, he was married to Miss Mary Churchill, daughter of Col. Samuel B. Churchill, then Secretary of State of Kentucky. Dr. Cowling was in the summer of 1868 appointed demonstrator of anatomy in the medical department of the University of Louisville-a position he held until 1873, when, at the death of the late Prof. George W. Bayless, Dr. Cowling was made professor of surgical pathology and operative surgery in that institution-a position he held until his death.

Dr. Cowling was a prolific and fascinating writer. He contributed valuable articles to the American Practitioner, the New York Medical Record, the Archives of Clinical Surgery, the Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter, the Richmond and Louisville Medical Journal, and founded and established the Louisville Medical News, in 1876. The Louisville Medical News, under Dr. Cowling's management, possessed many original features. It began as the avowed enemy of corruption in the medical schools. It set out to expose glaring frauds which were at the time being practised by the management of the Louisville Medical College. So actively and forcibly did Dr. Cowling prosecute the matter that the institution referred to was forced to abandon its disreputable course. Dr. Cowling was not only an able writer, but he was a ready and gifted speaker, perhaps the finest orator in the medical profession of the West.

Dr. Cowling was a member of the Kentucky State Medical Society, the Louisville College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the American Medical Association. The latter he joined in

1873, and attended in 1875 and 1878.

He was a man of very active mind, and he performed a deal of valuable work. He possessed a commanding and magnificent personal appearance; he was about six feet two inches high, and weighed about two hundred and thirty pounds, and was one of the finest specimens of physical manhood it were possible to find; he possessed a noble, generous, and impulsive nature; he was genial, witty, and fascinating; he had never known physical affliction until about the middle of March, 1881, when he had an attack of rheumatism, beginning in the lumbar muscles and extending to the limbs. He was at times confined to the house, and again able to be out with the aid of a cane. He finally improved on the last of March, so far as to be able to make a flying