thus flowed from a free meeting of free minds.

Let me sum it up. The republics of North, Central, and South America have united in a hard and fast agreement that an attack upon one is an attack upon all. When the attack comes home to us within our "Region," they pledge immediate and effective action-all for one and one for all. When it originates outside our "Region" they pledge immediate consultation looking toward united action-again, all for one and one for all.

In both instances, the pledge is solely and exclusively a peace pledge. At all times it recognizes and I quote from the treaty that "peace is founded on justice. and moral order and, consequently, on the international recognition and protection of human rights and freedoms, on the indispensable well-being of the people, and on the effectiveness of democracy for the international realization of justice and security."

I submit, my friends, that such a "Regional Arrangement"-faithfully reflect

ing the purposes and the formula of the United Nations-is cheerful, encouraging and happy news in a cloudy, war-weary world which is groping, amid constant and multiple alarms, toward the hopes by which men live. It is good for us. It is good for all our neighbors. It is good for the world.

Yes, and it is good for the United Nations. We give them strength. We give them a useful and impressive model how big and little States can work together on a basis of absolute equality of both obligation and power in the pursuit of international peace and security. We also make plain how member nations, despite all obstacles, can persist in perpetuating international peace and security and justice among friendly, peace-living nations which think alike about these precious aspirations and which are determined to make them live.

What we have put on paper is important. But far more important is the spiritual unity which thus makes common cause in answer to the dearest prayers of humankind.

Death of

President Berreta

LATE in the evening of August 2, 1947, a tightly-packed crowd of mourning Uruguayans moved slowly through the streets of Montevideo bearing the coffin of their beloved President, Dr. Tomás Berreta. They had refused to allow it to be placed in a state coach at the Italian Hospital, where their Chief Executive had died following an emergency operation, and carried it themselves to his residence. For 71-year-old Tomás Berreta had been one of the most popular public figures in Uruguay.

In one of his last addresses, he spoke eloquently of the vital urge of the Uruguayan social system which, developing in a climate of freedom, impels the citizen, no matter what his station in life, to higher and higher standards of living.

The Uruguayan Congress decreed national mourning and most of the usual Sunday activities were suspended in memory of the President who had taken office only five months before. A state funeral took place on August 4. Burial, according to Dr. Berreta's last wish, was in his birthplace, near Villa La Paz in the Department of Canelones.

The recent Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security in Brazil paid tribute to the memory of Presidents Roosevelt and Berreta, saying of the latter that he "sym

544

bolized a faithful expression of the spirit of the River Plate, devoted to democracy and defender of its principles."

Vice-President Luis Batlle Berres, who had already assumed the duties of President, will finish out the four-year term. Congress will elect two Vice-Presidents, one of whom would succeed Senor Batlle Berres in the event of his resignation or death.

President Batlle Berres will continue the same foreign and domestic policy, including close friendship with the United States. Dr. Berreta made a visit to this country in February of this year. (See BULLETIN, July 1947, p. 377.)

ON July 2, 1947, Dr. Guillermo Enciso presented to President Truman his credentials as Ambassador from Paraguay to the United States. Replacing Dr. Juan. B. Ayala, who had served since July of last year, Dr. Enciso also represents his country on the Governing Board of the Pan American Union.

The new Paraguayan Ambassador is a distinguished writer, lawyer, and educator. Born in Ypané, near Asunción, on September 6, 1899, he is the son of Guillermo Enciso, a veteran of the War of 1864-70, and of María Inés Velloso de Enciso. After receiving his primary and secondary schooling in the capital, Dr. Enciso attended the University of Madrid, Spain, where he graduated in law and social science. He studied too in the School of Philosophy there, later turning to the study of psychology.

For the past eighteen years Dr. Enciso has been a member of the psychology department in the Asunción Normal School for Men. From 1932 to 1934 he was also an administrative official in the Chaco War and then Director General of Schools and Chairman of the National Board of Education, posts he held until 1936. From July 1946 until the time of his appointment as Ambassador, he was a member of President Higinio Morínigo's cabinet-as Minister of Education until January 1947, then as Minister of Economy.

Moreover, Dr. Enciso has had a long and active journalistic career. He was editor of the magazine Guaranía in 1936

and of Cultura from 1943 to 1947. In 1937-38 and 1939-40 he was editor of the daily Patria, an organ of the National Republican Party which was closed by the then government in 1937 and again in 1940. In addition he has written monographs and essays on social psychology and politics, and has drafted an organic charter of primary education.

Dr. Enciso has also been active in politics. In 1936 he joined the National Republican Association (the Colorado Party) and has been a member of its executive board since 1938. Several times from 1936 to 1941 he was deported or imprisoned for his newspaper and political activities. But

since July 1946 he has collaborated as a representative of his party in the Government of General Morínigo under a broad program.

Dr. Enciso married Isabel Planás; they

have six children, four sons and two daughters. He made his first trip to Washington in 1944, when he visited the United States at the invitation of the Department of State.

THE Secretary of State announced the appointment effective August 11, 1947 of the Honorable William Dawson as Special Representative of the United States, with the rank of Ambassador, on the Governing Board of the Pan American Union. Mr. Dawson, who succeeds the Honorable Spruille Braden in this capacity, has spent twenty years in Spanish America and is well known for his comprehensive Pan American outlook.

The appointment of Mr. Dawson marks a new development in this Government's representation on the Governing Board of the Union, in that he will be the first official to assume this post as a full-time responsibility. Until November 1945, the United States was represented on the Board by the Secretary of State. Thereafter it was represented by the Assistant Secretary of State for American Republics Affairs. The appointment now of an ad hoc representative with the rank of Ambassador is in accordance with conclusions reached by the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace, held at Mexico City in 1945.

While the Governments of the American republics have not considered the ap

Harris and Ewing

pointment of ad hoc representatives mandatory, the Department of State believed the appointment advisable in the interests of the United States policy of actively supporting the Inter-American System and contributing constructively to its develop