rales de la República, pp. 9-134; Adhesiones y manifestaciones particulares, pp. 135-144; Juicios y homenajes de la prensa, pp. 145-566; Homenaje de la Lira, pp. 567-603; Homenaje nacional a Urquiza en la ciudad de Paranà, pp. 605-721; El Homenaje de la capital federal, pp. 723-828; Homenaje de la provincia de Buenos Aires, pp. 829-885; then follow various sections for the provinces of Entre Ríos, Santa Fe, Córdoba, San Luis, Mendoza, La Rioja, San Juan, Tucumán, Catamarca, Santiago del Estero, Salta, Jujuy, and Los Territorios Nacionales; and an appendix consisting of a statement of the treasury of the Comisión nacional.

The president of the Comisión was the well-known Ernesto Quesada and those taking part in the functions included many of the most prominent men of Argentina. Many of the newspaper comments are interesting and contain historical notes of value. The compiler has at times taken the pains to correct statements which he considers inaccurate. Urquiza is described by one writer as "Libertador de la tirania, organizador de nuestra república federativa, fautor de la unión argentina, y propulsor de la instrucción pública federal del pais". He is called the "Washington of the south", and it is recorded that he was praised by President Buchanan, while his assassination in 1870 is likened to that of Lincoln.

It is very fitting that a monument should have been erected to General and President Urquiza, who will always be remembered as the overthrower of the tyrant Rosas, and the proponent of Argentinian political solidarity. It is also fitting that this record should have been compiled in honor of that occasion. The numerous illustrations enhance the value of the work.

JAMES ALEXANDER ROBERTSON.

La Literatura Gauchesca en el Uruguay. By DOMINGO A. CAILLAVA, (Montevideo: 1921. Pp. 71.)

This is a valuable contribution to the literature and bibliography of that distinctive and interesting product of Argentina and Uruguay, the gaucho literature. The gaucho, like the vaquero of the western cattle ranges is a vanishing product, but he represented a very distinct phase of political and economic development; and the representation in poetry, prose, and especially the drama of his character and habit has produced this literature of great originality, the effects of which are still potent. Señor Caillava's object has not been to produce a critical work, but rather a catalogue of the publications of gaucho

character published in Montevideo. In this the author has succeeded. admirably, but it is to be regretted that he did not prepare an index of authors, titles, etc., that would greatly facilitate the use of this work as a bibliographical source.

C. K. JONES.

Mexico in Revolution. By VICENTE BLASCO IBÁÑEZ. Translated by Arthur Livingston and José Padin. (New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1920. Pp. vii, 245. $2.00.)

As explained by a slip pasted on the title page, "the articles in this volume were written originally at the request of and for 'The Chicago Tribune"". In his preface, the author states that his book consists of "simple impressions, hastily and incompletely jotted down as circumstances warranted or required. I regard them as first shots on the skirmish line, before my real battle, with all my heavy guns in action, begins." We are promised the final results of his observation and study on contemporary Mexico in his novel The Eagle and the Snake, but vague rumors, for which I can not vouch, have been heard to the effect that the novel will never appear because it was bought up by the Mexican government.

In his ten chapters, the author discusses in his racy, vigorous manner, the following matters: The cause of the revolution; The sad story of Flor de Te; "Citizen Obregón; The real author of Carranza's downfall; Carranza's official family; Condition of the country; The generals; The Mexican army; Mexico's ominous silence; and Mexico and the United States.

The volume is in many respects a satire on Mexico, rather than a sober portrayal of fact. It is not written from a sympathetic standpoint, and often, indeed, appears a burlesque. To this, the author might answer that that is the way Mexico impressed him, and of course, no rejoinder could be made to his reply. Let one not suppose that the book, notwithstanding its newspaper style, can be dismissed with a shrug of the shoulders. Blasco Ibáñez is too entertaining and too good a writer for that. He has instinctively picked out various features of Mexico of today and played upon them, not giving the whole truth, perhaps, nor yet missing the whole truth, but sometimes, especially to those who may know but little of Mexico, giving impressions that are far from the truth. His burlesque on the "General" business, is, as a friend of the reviewer has aptly said, refreshing, and he has here touched upon a real evil in Mexico. The last chapter on Mexico and the United States is not without interest to people in this country.

However, it is not books like this that are most needed about Mexico. We need books, and many of them, written in a calm, sympathetic spirit, that state both the evil and the good impartially. I can see how Blasco Ibáñez's book, with all its pleasantry, might even be a dangerous book unless it be offset by other works. Mexico needs not our laughter at this time, but our serious, and withal, honest, consideration. As a matter of fact, we of the United States have done very little toward helping Mexico to solve its latter-day problems; and we may not be assured in our self complacency that the dictates of history will not be against us in this regard.

How much the character of the book may have been changed in assuming an English dress, the present reviewer does not know.

JAMES ALEXANDER ROBERTSON.

Intimate Pages of Mexican History. By EDITH O'SHAUGHNESSY. (New York: George H. Doran Company, 1920. Pp. xii, 351.) Like Mrs. O'Shaughnessy's other books, this is cleverly written and readable. Throughout, she has written in a spirit of the utmost sympathy with Mexico, and she has dared to question and even to condemn the policy of the United States with respect to that unfortunate country. The volume deals mainly with the four presidents of Mexico whom the author has known, namely; Porfirio Díaz, the soldier and builder of modern Mexico prior to the late period of revolution; Francisco Leon de la Barra, the astute ad-interim president (el blanco presidente); Francisco I. Madero, the reckless and unstable idealist; and Victoriano Huerta, the Indian, sinning and sinned against, whose face was "dark, flat, cruel, crafty, strong, relentless, but possessed of a strong sense of humor". She has little sympathy for Madero, notwithstanding his evident honesty, but for the others, especially for Díaz, whom she admires, perhaps excessively and extravagantly, she has a ready and contagious friendliness, while Huerta gains new dignity. Of Carranza and the revolutionary leaders, Zapata, Pelaez, Villa, and others, little is said, and that, in general, not complimentary.

Her book is largely one of reminiscences and she relates in connection with the four presidents above named her own experiences, although she is tempted at times to enlarge her field with narrative gleaned from her reading or learning of history. As a volume of this type, it is well worth reading, but Mrs. O'Shaughnessy was too near many of the events she has described, was too intimately connected with them as an eyewitness, for her work to take first rank among books on Mexico.

She has tried to look beneath the surface for the true interpretation, but at times she loses her philosophic insight, which is replaced by feeling. She is not and can not be impartial.

A firm believer in autocratic government, as she frankly confesses, she has no understanding of one side of late Mexican history-the obscure groping after the democratic ideal. She has seen Mexico fall from the well governed country of Díaz to a country wherein continual strife reigns or threatens, and she sees more promise in "the man on orse back" than in revolutionary leaders. However Díaz sat astride of a volcano and men of his type are rare and rarely follow one another. We can only hope that the democratic ideal will in time work itself

out.

JAMES ALEXANDER ROBERTSON.

The Spanish Royal Tapestries. By ALBERT F. CALVERT. (London: John Lane, The Bodley Head; New York: John Lane Company, 1921. Pp. xxiii, 67, and 277 full-page plates.)

This volume belongs to the well-known Spanish Series of art books edited by Mr. Calvert. He himself says of it: "In point of size, scope and general interest, this little book is perhaps the least considerable of the score of volumes comprised in The Spanish Series, but the collection would have lacked something of the completeness which I have endeavored to secure for it, if the subject of which it treats had not been included." In his short text, the author discusses History of the art of tapestry weaving; The foundation of the Spanish royal collection; The Gothic tapestries-sacred pieces; Tapestries of the Gothic-Renaissance transition, and Renaissance tapestries.

Most interesting from a historical viewpoint is the section of the text (pp. 32-47) which deals with the expedition of Emperor Charles V. to Tunis in 1535. The twelve tapestries of this group are explained and the long Spanish and Latin inscriptions that appear on each piece are translated into English. The tapestries themselves (plates 32-43) were executed by Wilhelm Pannemaker from designs by Jan Vermay or Vermeyen, who accompanied the emperor on the expedition, by express command, in order to portray faithfully the events enacted therein. The series was finally declared complete on April 21, 1554.

The other tapestries represent classical mythology, ancient history, religious episodes or conceptions, and some few miscellaneous subjects. (e.g. those from Goya and Teniers). The text is perhaps too short. The plates are well executed, and the tapestries are reproduced in greater number and variety than has hitherto been attempted.

NOTES AND COMMENT

AN AMERICAN SHIP-BUILDER FOR SPANISH CALIFORNIA

Professor Chapman, in his chapter on the difficulties experienced by the viceroy of New Spain in maintaining the Department of San Blas (a department which might better have been called the Department of the Californias), refers briefly to a ship-builder named Francisco Segurola who was sent from Spain to this station in 1777. The present writer, in his investigations in the Archivo General de Indias, has discovered certain documents which give the interesting sequel of this matter. These documents are contained in an expediente dealing with Segurola's attempt to secure a larger salary than that assigned to him by the viceroy, and to get the government to defray the expenses of his journey from Spain to San Blas. Segurola's first representation on this subject was made within a few months of his arrival in Mexico, and the final decision-in his favor-was made by a royal order some eight years later, on February 18, 1787, seven months after Segurola's death. The viceroy was directed to pay to the son of Segurola the amount due the latter as a result of the decision in his case.

Segurola being dead, it was necessary to provide another ship-builder to take his place. In the royal order referred to above it is said:

And in regard to the matter of a ship-builder for the Department of San Blas the king has resolved that you [the viceroy] shall ask Don Diego Gardoqui, our agent in the American colonies, to send one, taking care that he be a person of much ability and well instructed in his craft.

At the same time the minister of the Indies wrote to Gardoqui about the matter, directing him to send to Mexico such a person, in case he should be successful in finding one. Gardoqui attended to the business promptly, apparently having no particular difficulty in finding, among the sea-faring people of New England, a person suitably qualified to supply this particular need of New Spain. The man selected by him was Mr. John Ficus Morgan of Boston, among whose recommendations was a certificate signed at Boston, January 16, 1788, by John Hancock, James Bowdoin, and others, stating that Morgan was a master ship-builder of that city.