deck, on their respective sides of the vessel, ready for instant exhibition; and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the color of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with suitable

screens.

LIGHTS FOR SHIPS AT ANCHOR.

ART. 7. Ships, whether steamships or sailing ships, when at anchor in roadsteads or fairways, shall exhibit, where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding 20 feet above the hull, a white light, in a globular lantern of eight inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light visible all round the horizon, and at a distance of at least one mile.

LIGHTS FOR PILOT VESSELS.

ART. 8. Sailing pilot vessels shall not carry the lights required for. other sailing vessels, but shall carry a white light at the masthead, visible all round the horizon, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light every 15 minutes.

LIGHTS FOR FISHING VESSELS AND BOATS.

ART. 9. Open fishing boats and other open boats shall not be required to carry the side lights required for other vessels; but shall, if they do not carry such lights, carry a lantern having a green slide on the one side and a red slide on the other side; and, on the approach of or to other vessels, such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

Fishing vessels and open boats when at anchor, or attached to their nets and stationary, shall exhibit a bright white light.

Fishing vessels and open boats shall, however, not be prevented from using a flare-up in addition, if considered expedient.

RULES CONCERNING FOG-SIGNALS.

ART. 10. Whenever there is fog, whether by day or night, the fogsignals described below shall be carried and used, and shall be sounded at least every five minutes, viz:

(a.) Steamships under weigh shall use a steam whistle placed before the funnel not less than eight feet from the deck.

(6.) Sailing ships under weigh shall use a fog horn.

(c.) Steamships and sailing ships when not under weigh shall use a bell.

TWO SAILING SHIPS MEETING.

ART. 11. If two sailing ships are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

TWO SAILING SHIPS CROSSING.

ART. 12. When two sailing ships are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, then, if they have the wind on different sides, the ship with the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the ship with the wind on the starboard side; except in the case in which the ship with the wind on the port side is close-hauled and the other ship free, in which case the latter ship shall keep out of the way; but if they have the wind on the same side, or if one of them has the wind aft, the ship which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the ship which is to leeward.

TWO SHIPS UNDER STEAM MEETING.

ART. 13. If two ships under steam are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, the helms of both shall be put to port, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

TWO SHIPS UNDER STEAM CROSSING.

ART. 14. If two ships under steam are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

SAILING SHIP AND SHIP UNDER STEAM.

ART. 15. If two ships, one of which is a sailing ship and the other a steamship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steamship shall keep out of the way of the sailing ship.

SHIPS UNDER STEAM TO SLACKEN SPEED.

ART. 16. Every steamship when approaching another ship so as to involve risk of collision shall slacken her speed, or, if necessary, stop and reverse; and every steamship shall, when in a fog, go at a moderate speed.

VESSELS OVERTAKING OTHER VESSELS.

ART. 17. Every vessel overtaking any other vessel shall keep out of the way of the said last-mentioned vessel.

CONSTRUCTION OF ARTICLES 12, 14, 15, AND 17.

ART. 18. Where by the above rules one of two ships is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course subject to the qualifications contained in the following article.

PROVISO TO SAVE SPECIAL CASES.

ART. 19. In obeying and construing these rules due regard must be had to all dangers of navigation; and due regard must also be had to any special circumstances which may exist in any particular case rendering a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

NO SHIP, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, TO NEGLECT PROPER

PRECAUTIONS.

ART. 20. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any ship, or the owner or master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper lookout, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

APPENDIX III.

Extract from Order in Council of 30th July, 1868, containing explanation of Articles 11 and 13.

The said two articles, numbered 11 and 13 respectively, only apply to cases where ships are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision. They, consequently, do not apply to two ships which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other.

The only cases in which the said two articles apply are when each of the two ships is end on, or nearly end on, to the other-in other words, to cases in which, by day, each ship sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and, by night, to cases in which each. ship is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other.

The said two articles do not apply, by day, to cases in which a ship sees another ahead crossing her own course; or, by night, to cases where the red light of one ship is opposed to the red light of the other; or where the green light of one ship is opposed to the green light of the other; or where a red light without a green light, or a green light without a red light, is seen ahead; or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead.

APPENDIX IV.

Provisions respecting Lights, Fog-signals, and Sailing Rules contained in the Merchant Shipping Act, 1862.

ENACTMENT OF REGULATIONS CONCERNING LIGHTS, FOG-SIGNALS, AND SAILING RULES IN SCHEDULE, TABLE (C.)

25. On and after the first day of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, or such later day as may be fixed for the purpose by Order in Council, the regulations contained in the table marked (C) in the Schedule hereto shall come into operation, and be of the same force as if they were enacted in the body of this act; but Her Majesty may, from time to time, on the joint recommendation of the Admiralty and the Board of Trade, by Order in Council, annul or modify any of the said regulations, or make new regulations in addition thereto or in substitution therefor; and any alterations in or additions to such regulations made in manner aforesaid shall be of the same force as the regulations in the said Schedule.

REGULATIONS TO BE PUBLISHED.

26. The Board of Trade shall cause the said regulations, and any alterations therein or additions thereto hereafter to be made, to be printed, and shall furnish a copy thereof to any owner or master of a ship who applies for the same; and production of the Gazette in which any Order in Council containing such regulations, or any alterations therein or additions thereto, is published, or of a copy of such regulations, alterations, or additions, signed or purporting to be signed by one of the secretaries or assistant secretaries of the Board of Trade, or sealed or purporting to be sealed with the seal of the Board of Trade, shall be sufficient evidence of the due making and purport of such regulations, alterations, or additions.

OWNERS AND MASTERS BOUND TO OBEY THEM.

27. All owners and masters of ships shall be bound to take notice of all such regulations as aforesaid, and shall, so long as the same continue in force, be bound to obey them, and to carry and exhibit no other lights and to use no other fog-signals than such as are required by the said regulations; and in case of willful default, the master, or the owner of the ship, if it appear that he was in such fault, shall, for each occasion upon which such regulations are infringed, be deemed to be guilty of a misdemeanor.

BREACHES OF REGULATIONS TO IMPLY WILLFUL DEFAULT OF PERSON IN CHARGE.

28. In case any damage to person or property arises from the nonobservance by any ship of any regulation made by or in pursuance of this act, such damage shall be deemed to have been occasioned by the willful default of the person in charge of the deck of such ship at the time, unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that the circumstances of the case made a departure from the regulation necessary.

IF COLLISION ENSUES FROM BREACH OF THE REGULATIONS, SHIP TO BE DEEMED IN FAULT.

29. If in any case of collision it appears to the court before which the case is tried that such collision was occasioned by the non-observance of any regulation made by or in pursuance of this act, the ship by which such regulation has been infringed shall be deemed to be in fault, unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that the circumstances of the case made a departure from the regulation necessary.

INSPECTION FOR ENFORCING REGULATIONS.

30. The following steps may be taken in order to enforce compliance with the said regulations; that is to say

(1.) The surveyors appointed under the third part of the principal act, or such other persons as the Board of Trade may appoint for the purpose, may inspect any ships for the purpose of seeing that such ships are properly provided with lights and with the means of making fog-signals in pursuance of the said regulations, and shall for that purpose have the powers given to inspectors by the 14th section of the principal act.

(2.) If any such surveyor or person finds that any ship is not provided, he shall give to the master or owner notice in writing, pointing out the deficiency, and also what is, in his opinion, requisite in order to remedy the same.

(3.) Every notice so given shall be communicated in such manner as the Board of Trade may direct to the collector or collectors of customs at any port or ports from which such ship may seek to clear, or at which her transire is to be obtained; and no collector to whom such communication is made shall clear such ship outwards, or grant her a transire, or allow her to proceed to sea, without a certificate under the hand of one of the said surveyors or other persons appointed by the Board of Trade as aforesaid, to the effect that the said ship is properly provided with lights and with the means of making fog-signals in pursuance of the said regulations.